Hvordan kan sykepleier gjennom realitetsorientering og validering møte demente med stadig syn og hørselshallusinasjoner i bofellesskap slik at pasienten gjenvinner ro og trygghet i avdelinga

Studentarbeid i sykepleie (bachelorgrad) - Universitetet i Nordland, 201

Selvoppfatning og kjøreatferd

Denne studien har som hensikt å øke vår egen kunnskap om temaene selvoppfatning og kjøreatferd, og sammenhengen mellom disse. Som kommende trafikklærere ser vi nytten av å ha en større bevissthet rundt disse begrepene og hvordan de henger sammen. Studien er derfor relatert til undervisningen som inngår i føreropplæringen. Gjennom å belyse selvoppfatning og kjøreatferd opp mot læreplanen og GDE-matrisen, har vi sett på hvordan denne kunnskapen kan brukes for at vi skal forstå våre egne elever, og hvordan vi på best mulig måte kan få eleven på et høyt nivå når det gjelder kjøreatferd og risikoforståelse. Oppgaven har derfor tatt med en del bakgrunnstoff som skal berike oppgavens forståelse rundt problemstillingen og drøftingen av den. Studien er en kvalitativ undersøkelse rundt temaene selvoppfatning og kjøreatferd der vi har intervjuet tre informanter som har erfaring fra trafikkopplæringen. Resultatene som kommer frem i denne oppgaven bygger på intervjuene som har tatt for seg ulike spørsmål rundt selvoppfatning og kjøreatferd. De funnene vi har gjort i denne studien viser at det er en viss sammenheng mellom kjøreatferd og selvoppfatning. Vi har fått ulike svar gjennom studien. Funnene viser at de som har lav selvoppfattelse ofte har god risikoforståelse, mens de som har høy selvoppfattelse er bedre med tekniske ferdigheter og prioriterer effektivitet og trafikkavvikling. Vi har funnet noen små forskjeller når det kommer til kjønn, mens miljø visste seg å ha en større innvirkning på selvoppfatning og kjøreatferd. Studien viser også at det ikke finnes noen fasitsvar som kan generaliseres, men at den forståelsen studien har gitt oss, vil gi oss en bedre forutsetning for å benytte de pedagogiske verktøy som vi har til rådighet

Understanding behavioral mechanisms for physical activity in head and neck cancer patients: a qualitative study

Rationale: Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients often have adverse changes in body composition. Loss of muscle mass and strength frequently occur, even when dietary intake is adequate. Nascent evidence suggests that a healthy lifestyle, including adequate physical activity (PA) and diet, may prevent muscle wasting. HNC patients often show suboptimal health behavior pre-diagnosis, and additional barriers to PA can arise from cancer treatment. Better understanding of the behavioral mechanisms of PA in this mostly sedentary group is needed to design effective individualized PA-supporting interventions. This qualitative study explored the perspective of HNC patients on PA. Methods: We conducted 9 semi-structured interviews in HNC patients, 6-8 weeks after treatment (surgery +/-(chemo)radiation). The interviews were guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) key concepts, including: attitude; social norm (with emphasis on role of healthcare professionals); self-efficacy; intention; barriers/facilitators, knowledge/skills; and current PA behaviour. Interviews were analysed by directed content analysis. Results: Important themes identified for PA were: physical barriers, health as stimulus, role of habits, and lack of interest. While all themes could be fitted within the key concepts of TBP, there was little interaction between intention and other concepts. In fact, PA intention was not an explicit consideration for most patients. Conclusion: HNC patients perceived physical barriers, health, habits, and lack of interest as important themes with regard to PA. Our tentative results suggest that the TPB may not be the most appropriate model for explaining PA in HNC patients. For future research aiming to understand PA in HNC patients, theories less focused on rational reasoning and more on autonomy, such as Self Determination Theory, may be better suited

Female but not male zebra finches adjust heat output in response to increased incubation demand

In many incubating birds, heat transfer from parent to egg is facilitated by the brood patch, an area of ventral abdominal skin that becomes highly vascularised, swells and loses its down feathers around the time of laying. Only the female develops a brood patch in most passerine species, but males of some species can incubate and maintain the eggs at similar temperatures to females even without a brood patch. Here we used a novel application of infrared thermography to examine sex differences in parental care from a physiological perspective. Using incubating male and female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), a species in which the male lacks a brood patch, we measured the surface temperature of the ventral plumage overlying the abdomen and a reference area that does not contact the eggs (thorax) twice per pair. In half of the pairs, clutch size was experimentally enlarged between the two sets of measurements to increase incubation demand. We found that the temperature differential between abdomen and thorax plumage was greater in females than in males, and that abdomen plumage was warmer after clutch enlargement than before in females but not in males. These findings are consistent with morphological sex differences in brood patch development and suggest that male and female zebra finches differ in the way they regulate abdomen versus general body surface temperature in response to variation in incubation demand

Electrostatic phase separation: a review

The current understanding and developments in the electrostatic phase separation are reviewed. The literature covers predominantly two immiscible and inter-dispersed liquids following the last review on the topic some 15 years. Electrocoalescence kinetics and governing parameters, such as the applied field, liquid properties, drop shape and flow, are considered. The unfavorable effects, such as chain formation and partial coalescence, are discussed in detail. Moreover, the prospects of microfluidics platforms, non-uniform fields, coalescence on the dielectric surfaces to enhance the electrocoalescence rate are also considered. In addition to the electrocoalescence in water-in-oil emulsions the research in oil-in-oil coalescence is also discussed. Finally the studies in electrocoalescer development and commercial devices are also surveyed. The analysis of the literature reveals that the use of pulsed DC and AC electric fields is preferred over constant DC fields for efficient coalescence; but the selection of the optimum field frequency a priori is still not possible and requires further research. Some recent studies have helped to clarify important aspects of the process such as partial coalescence and drop–drop non-coalescence. On the other hand, some key phenomena such as thin film breakup and chain formation are still unclear. Some designs of inline electrocoalescers have recently been proposed; however with limited success: the inadequate knowledge of the underlying physics still prevents this technology from leaving the realm of empiricism and fully developing in one based on rigorous scientific methodology

Electrocoalescence of water drop trains in oil under constant and pulsatile electric fields

This study addresses the effectiveness of constant and pulsed DC fields in promoting coalescence of dispersed water drops in an oil-continuous phase. For this purpose, a train of drops of relatively uniform size is injected into a stream of flowing sunflower oil. This stream is then admitted to a coalescing section, where an electric field is applied between a pair of ladder-shape bare electrodes. The capability of this device to enhance coalescence of droplets in a chain is investigated at different field intensities, frequencies and waveforms. The effect of the initial inter-droplet separation distance on the process performance is also addressed under constant DC fields. The dominant coalescence mechanism is found to be due to dipole–dipole interaction at low field strength, whereas electrophoresis becomes predominant at higher field strength. Experiments reveal the existence of an optimal frequency, where the average droplet size enlargement is maximized, especially at low field strengths. The droplet size at the outlet of the coalescer is also found to be dependent on the field waveform

Energy allocation and behaviour in the growing broiler chicken

Broiler chickens are increasingly at the forefront of global meat production but the consequences of fast growth and selection for an increase in body mass on bird health are an ongoing concern for industry and consumers. To better understand the implications of selection we evaluated energetics and behaviour over the 6-week hatch-to-slaughter developmental period in a commercial broiler. The effect of posture on resting metabolic rate becomes increasingly significant as broilers grow, as standing became more energetically expensive than sitting. The proportion of overall metabolic rate accounted for by locomotor behaviour decreased over development, corresponding to declining activity levels, mean and peak walking speeds. These data are consistent with the inference that broilers allocate energy to activity within a constrained metabolic budget and that there is a reducing metabolic scope for exercise throughout their development. Comparison with similarly sized galliforms reveals that locomotion is relatively energetically expensive in broilers