57 research outputs found

    Intervenir auprÚs des parents : effets sur la pratique d'activités physiques et les habiletés motrices d'enfants ùgés de 3 à 5 ans

    Get PDF
    Un enfant qui dĂ©veloppe ses habiletĂ©s motrices par le biais d'une pratique d'activitĂ©s physiques rĂ©guliĂšre amĂ©liore sa santĂ© en gĂ©nĂ©ral, mais aussi ses chances de maintenir de saines habitudes de vie Ă  l’ñge adulte. L’acquisition des habiletĂ©s motrices par l’enfant contribue non seulement Ă  son dĂ©veloppement physique et moteur, mais aussi cognitif, affectif et social. L’environnement dans lequel l’enfant Ă©volue est un facteur d’une grande influence face Ă  sa pratique de l’activitĂ© physique et au dĂ©veloppement de ses habiletĂ©s motrices. À cet Ă©gard, l’environnement familial et le modĂšle parental sont des vecteurs motivationnels majeurs face Ă  l’attitude que l’enfant adoptera quant Ă  sa pratique d’activitĂ©s physiques au quotidien. À ce jour, peu d’études ont Ă©valuĂ© les effets d’interventions menĂ©es auprĂšs des parents visant Ă  favoriser la pratique d’activitĂ©s physiques et le dĂ©veloppement des habiletĂ©s motrices. Le but du prĂ©sent projet de recherche consistait Ă  Ă©valuer les effets d’une intervention menĂ©e auprĂšs des parents visant Ă  augmenter la pratique d’activitĂ©s physiques et le degrĂ© d’habiletĂ©s motrices chez des enfants ĂągĂ©s de 3 Ă  5 ans frĂ©quentant un milieu de garde. Nous voulions aussi dĂ©terminer si la perception des parents avait changĂ© face Ă  l’importance de l’activitĂ© physique et du dĂ©veloppement des habiletĂ©s motrices chez leur enfant. À cette fin, nous avons procĂ©dĂ© Ă  une Ă©tude quasi expĂ©rimentale en Ă©tudiant le comportement de 37 enfants provenant de trois milieux de garde de la rĂ©gion de Coaticook en Estrie. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© recueillies par le biais d’un calendrier d’activitĂ© physique et d’un questionnaire prĂ© et post intervention. Les rĂ©sultats de ce projet de recherche montrent que les enfants d’ñge prĂ©scolaire Coaticokois font en moyenne 28 minutes d’activitĂ©s physiques par jour lorsqu’ils se retrouvent Ă  la maison auprĂšs de leurs parents. De plus, seulement 31 % des activitĂ©s physiques et motrices effectuĂ©es par les enfants ont Ă©tĂ© vĂ©cues en prĂ©sence de leurs parents. Les rĂ©sultats de ce projet de recherche indiquent Ă©galement un effet temps et un effet groupe non significatifs avec des enfants n’ayant pas dĂ©montrĂ© des signes de progression face au dĂ©veloppement de leurs habiletĂ©s motrices. Par contre, les enfants du groupe intervention ayant reçu un calendrier avec des suggestions d’activitĂ©s physiques et motrices ont expĂ©rimentĂ© plus d’activitĂ©s de manipulation d’objets que les enfants du groupe contrĂŽle n’ayant pas eu cette opportunitĂ©. Les parents du groupe intervention ont notamment mentionnĂ© avoir Ă©tĂ© influencĂ©s par la prĂ©sence d’un calendrier avec des activitĂ©s physiques et motrices suggĂ©rĂ©es, ce qui reflĂšte bien les rĂ©sultats prĂ©cĂ©demment indiquĂ©s. En comparant nos rĂ©sultats avec les recommandations de 120 minutes par jour d’activitĂ©s physiques du National Association for Sport and Physical Education, NASPE (2009) et celles de la SociĂ©tĂ© Canadienne de Physiologie de l’Exercice, SCPE (2012) qui suggĂšre 180 minutes d’activitĂ©s physiques par jour, et ce, peu importe l’intensitĂ© dĂ©ployĂ©e par l’enfant, on peut conclure que les enfants de ce projet de recherche n’atteignent pas ces recommandations. Nous demeurons convaincus du bien-fondĂ© d’une intervention menĂ©e auprĂšs des parents afin d’amĂ©liorer la pratique d’activitĂ©s physiques des enfants d’ñge prĂ©scolaire, notamment si une collaboration plus Ă©troite est effectuĂ©e avec ces derniers. Cependant, de nombreuses autres Ă©tudes sur le sujet seront nĂ©cessaires pour constater quel type d’intervention est le plus efficace afin de favoriser la pratique d’activitĂ©s physiques et d’amĂ©liorer le degrĂ© d’habiletĂ©s motrices chez des enfants ĂągĂ©s de 3 Ă  5 ans

    At the interface between action verbs and grip force

    Get PDF
    Action verbs and motor actions activate similar cortical brain areas (Price et al., 1994; Grafton et al., 1998). An increasing number of studies reveal that the sensorimotor components of word meaning activate cortical regions overlapping with the neural systems involved in the perception and execution of actions described by the words. For example, processing verbally presented actions activates corresponding sectors of the motor system, depending on the effector (face, hand or foot) used in the listened-to action (FloĂ«l et al., 2003; Hauk & PulvermĂŒller, 2004; Buccino et al., 2005). Moreover, in sign language there is a close semantic relationship between the gestures and the function of the object expressed, suggesting that transmodal processes are implicated in pragmatic representations. These studies and numerous observations strongly suggest that the brain areas subtending object-oriented actions are closely related to the brain areas involved with language (e.g., Gentilucci & Dalla Volta, 2008). Recently, Boulanger et al. (2006) showed that verbs related to manual action could perturb reaching movements. Since reaching and grasping are intimately linked (Jeannerod & Biguer, 1981; Frak et al., 2006) manual action verbs could also alter aspects of grasp, such as prehension force. Reaching is a process with a recognized bi-hemispheric activity involving the proximal musculature. Thus, the influence of language on grasp is a highly pertinent subject of study: action with the preferred hand is under control by left cerebral areas, as is the case with language. A novel approach examining the relationship between language and prehension force is presented using a tactile sensing paradigm. Using their preferred hand, subjects seized and held with a precision grasp a 300 g cylinder with an integrated force sensor. With eyes closed and arm extended, subjects listened to words related or not related to a manual action. There was an increase in grasp force when subjects heard words related to manual action only. This increase began at about 100 ms following word presentation, peaked at 300-400 ms and fell abruptly after 400 ms, signalling a possible inhibition of the motor simulation of the action evoked by the words. These observations reveal the intimate relationship that exists between language and prehension force and show that it is possible to elucidate online new aspects of sensorimotor interaction. They also reveal that there is a continuum between lexical access and motor simulation. Figure 1 shows the grand average of normalized grasp force amplitude of action words (AT) and non-action words (NAT) when they are targets. A paired t-test was done on the data defining both curves. The gray part of the graph, starting at 260 msec and ending at 430 msec, shows where there’s a significative difference (p<0.05)

    Grip Force Is Part of the Semantic Representation of Manual Action Verbs

    Get PDF
    Motor actions and action verbs activate similar cortical brain regions. A functional interference can be taken as evidence that there is a parallel treatment of these two types of information and would argue for the biological grounding of language in action. A novel approach examining the relationship between language and grip force is presented. With eyes closed and arm extended, subjects listened to words relating (verbs) or not relating (nouns) to a manual action while holding a cylinder with an integrated force sensor. There was a change in grip force when subjects heard verbs that related to manual action. Grip force increased from about 100 ms following the verb presentation, peaked at 380 ms and fell abruptly after 400 ms, signalling a possible inhibition of the motor simulation evoked by these words. These observations reveal the intimate relationship that exists between language and grasp and show that it is possible to elucidate online new aspects of sensorimotor interaction

    An instrumented cylinder measuring pinch force and orientation

    Get PDF
    Background: The function of a cylinder allowing simultaneous measurements of the opposition axis of the index finger and thumb of the hand and the magnitude of pinch force is described.\ud Methods: The apparatus is made of two half-cylinders that are bonded together through a 6-axis force/torque sensor and allows the measurement of 3D orthogonal forces and moments of force. The amplitude of the pinch force exerted on the cylinder by the fingers is defined as the resultant of the forces in the different axes. A software program was developed to measure the barycentre of the forces on the instrumented cylinder, allowing calculation of the angle of the opposition axis between the fingers and the location of the resulting pinch force on the cylinder, assuming that the pinch or grip forces are co-linear through the center of the cylinder.\ud In order to assess the validity and reliability of the measurements, the cylinder was mounted on a milling table and seven calibrated weights (from 100 to 500 g) were successively applied perpendicularly to a 9*9 matrix of sites separated by 1 cm. With the exception of the extreme lateral parts of the cylinder, the dispersion of the calculated vertical position of the resulting force was always within 1 mm of the application point, suggesting a high reliability of these measurements. In addition, the errors in the angles of the applied force were calculated and found to be less than 2 degree with no clear patterns of variation across the different locations of the cylinder.\ud Results: The usefulness of the cylinder is demonstrated by evaluating the pinch force and the opposition axis in six healthy subjects lifting the cylinder from the table using three different orientations of their right hand. The magnitude of the grip force was not significantly different across orientations (45, 22 and -22 degrees relative to the midline of the subject) suggesting that force grip is controlled.\ud Conclusion: From these results, it has been concluded that the cylinder is a valid, reliable and precise instrument that may prove useful for evaluating opposition axis and grip force in healthy and pathological populations

    Evidence for Significant Overlap between Common Risk Variants for Crohn's Disease and Ankylosing Spondylitis

    Get PDF
    BACKGROUND: A multicenter genome-wide association scan for Crohn's Disease (CD) has recently reported 40 CD susceptibility loci, including 29 novel ones (19 significant and 10 putative). To gain insight into the genetic overlap between CD and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), these markers were tested for association in AS patients. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Two previously established associations, namely with the MHC and IL23R loci, were confirmed. In addition, rs2872507, which maps to a locus associated with asthma and influences the expression of the ORMDL3 gene in lymphoblastoid cells, showed a significant association with AS (p = 0.03). In gut biopsies of AS and CD patients, ORMDL3 expression was not significantly different from controls and no correlation was found with the rs2872507 genotype (Spearman's rho: -0.067). The distribution of p-values for the remaining 36 SNPs was significantly skewed towards low p-values unless the top 5 ranked SNPs (ORMDL3, NKX2-3, PTPN2, ICOSLG and MST1) were excluded from the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Association analysis using risk variants for CD led to the identification of a new risk variant associated with AS (ORMDL3), underscoring a role for ER stress in AS. In addition, two known and five potentially relevant associations were detected, contributing to common susceptibility of CD and AS

    Genome-wide association identifies nine common variants associated with fasting proinsulin levels and provides new insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.

    Get PDF
    OBJECTIVE: Proinsulin is a precursor of mature insulin and C-peptide. Higher circulating proinsulin levels are associated with impaired ÎČ-cell function, raised glucose levels, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Studies of the insulin processing pathway could provide new insights about T2D pathophysiology. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We have conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association tests of ∌2.5 million genotyped or imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and fasting proinsulin levels in 10,701 nondiabetic adults of European ancestry, with follow-up of 23 loci in up to 16,378 individuals, using additive genetic models adjusted for age, sex, fasting insulin, and study-specific covariates. RESULTS: Nine SNPs at eight loci were associated with proinsulin levels (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Two loci (LARP6 and SGSM2) have not been previously related to metabolic traits, one (MADD) has been associated with fasting glucose, one (PCSK1) has been implicated in obesity, and four (TCF7L2, SLC30A8, VPS13C/C2CD4A/B, and ARAP1, formerly CENTD2) increase T2D risk. The proinsulin-raising allele of ARAP1 was associated with a lower fasting glucose (P = 1.7 × 10(-4)), improved ÎČ-cell function (P = 1.1 × 10(-5)), and lower risk of T2D (odds ratio 0.88; P = 7.8 × 10(-6)). Notably, PCSK1 encodes the protein prohormone convertase 1/3, the first enzyme in the insulin processing pathway. A genotype score composed of the nine proinsulin-raising alleles was not associated with coronary disease in two large case-control datasets. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified nine genetic variants associated with fasting proinsulin. Our findings illuminate the biology underlying glucose homeostasis and T2D development in humans and argue against a direct role of proinsulin in coronary artery disease pathogenesis

    Large-scale sequencing identifies multiple genes and rare variants associated with Crohn’s disease susceptibility

    Full text link
    peer reviewe

    Intervenir auprÚs des parents : effets sur la pratique d'activités physiques et les habiletés motrices d'enfants ùgés de 3 à 5 ans

    No full text
    Un enfant qui dĂ©veloppe ses habiletĂ©s motrices par le biais d'une pratique d'activitĂ©s physiques rĂ©guliĂšre amĂ©liore sa santĂ© en gĂ©nĂ©ral, mais aussi ses chances de maintenir de saines habitudes de vie Ă  l’ñge adulte. L’acquisition des habiletĂ©s motrices par l’enfant contribue non seulement Ă  son dĂ©veloppement physique et moteur, mais aussi cognitif, affectif et social. L’environnement dans lequel l’enfant Ă©volue est un facteur d’une grande influence face Ă  sa pratique de l’activitĂ© physique et au dĂ©veloppement de ses habiletĂ©s motrices. À cet Ă©gard, l’environnement familial et le modĂšle parental sont des vecteurs motivationnels majeurs face Ă  l’attitude que l’enfant adoptera quant Ă  sa pratique d’activitĂ©s physiques au quotidien. À ce jour, peu d’études ont Ă©valuĂ© les effets d’interventions menĂ©es auprĂšs des parents visant Ă  favoriser la pratique d’activitĂ©s physiques et le dĂ©veloppement des habiletĂ©s motrices. Le but du prĂ©sent projet de recherche consistait Ă  Ă©valuer les effets d’une intervention menĂ©e auprĂšs des parents visant Ă  augmenter la pratique d’activitĂ©s physiques et le degrĂ© d’habiletĂ©s motrices chez des enfants ĂągĂ©s de 3 Ă  5 ans frĂ©quentant un milieu de garde. Nous voulions aussi dĂ©terminer si la perception des parents avait changĂ© face Ă  l’importance de l’activitĂ© physique et du dĂ©veloppement des habiletĂ©s motrices chez leur enfant. À cette fin, nous avons procĂ©dĂ© Ă  une Ă©tude quasi expĂ©rimentale en Ă©tudiant le comportement de 37 enfants provenant de trois milieux de garde de la rĂ©gion de Coaticook en Estrie. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© recueillies par le biais d’un calendrier d’activitĂ© physique et d’un questionnaire prĂ© et post intervention. Les rĂ©sultats de ce projet de recherche montrent que les enfants d’ñge prĂ©scolaire Coaticokois font en moyenne 28 minutes d’activitĂ©s physiques par jour lorsqu’ils se retrouvent Ă  la maison auprĂšs de leurs parents. De plus, seulement 31 % des activitĂ©s physiques et motrices effectuĂ©es par les enfants ont Ă©tĂ© vĂ©cues en prĂ©sence de leurs parents. Les rĂ©sultats de ce projet de recherche indiquent Ă©galement un effet temps et un effet groupe non significatifs avec des enfants n’ayant pas dĂ©montrĂ© des signes de progression face au dĂ©veloppement de leurs habiletĂ©s motrices. Par contre, les enfants du groupe intervention ayant reçu un calendrier avec des suggestions d’activitĂ©s physiques et motrices ont expĂ©rimentĂ© plus d’activitĂ©s de manipulation d’objets que les enfants du groupe contrĂŽle n’ayant pas eu cette opportunitĂ©. Les parents du groupe intervention ont notamment mentionnĂ© avoir Ă©tĂ© influencĂ©s par la prĂ©sence d’un calendrier avec des activitĂ©s physiques et motrices suggĂ©rĂ©es, ce qui reflĂšte bien les rĂ©sultats prĂ©cĂ©demment indiquĂ©s. En comparant nos rĂ©sultats avec les recommandations de 120 minutes par jour d’activitĂ©s physiques du National Association for Sport and Physical Education, NASPE (2009) et celles de la SociĂ©tĂ© Canadienne de Physiologie de l’Exercice, SCPE (2012) qui suggĂšre 180 minutes d’activitĂ©s physiques par jour, et ce, peu importe l’intensitĂ© dĂ©ployĂ©e par l’enfant, on peut conclure que les enfants de ce projet de recherche n’atteignent pas ces recommandations. Nous demeurons convaincus du bien-fondĂ© d’une intervention menĂ©e auprĂšs des parents afin d’amĂ©liorer la pratique d’activitĂ©s physiques des enfants d’ñge prĂ©scolaire, notamment si une collaboration plus Ă©troite est effectuĂ©e avec ces derniers. Cependant, de nombreuses autres Ă©tudes sur le sujet seront nĂ©cessaires pour constater quel type d’intervention est le plus efficace afin de favoriser la pratique d’activitĂ©s physiques et d’amĂ©liorer le degrĂ© d’habiletĂ©s motrices chez des enfants ĂągĂ©s de 3 Ă  5 ans
    • 

    corecore