Comparison of separation techniques for the elucidation of IgG N-glycans pooled from healthy mammalian species

The IgG N-glycome provides sufficient complexity and information content to serve as an excellent source for biomarker discovery in mammalian health. Since oligosaccharides play a significant role in many biological processes it is very important to understand their structure. The glycosylation is cell type specific as well as highly variable depending on the species producing the IgG. We evaluated the variation of N-linked glycosylation of human, bovine, ovine, equine, canine and feline IgG using three orthogonal glycan separation techniques: hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)–UPLC, reversed phase (RP)–UPLC and capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). The separation of the glycans by these high resolution methods yielded different profiles due to diverse chemistries. However, the % abundance of structures obtained by CE-LIF and HILIC–UPLC were similar, whereas the analysis by RP-UPLC was difficult to compare as the structures were separated by classes of glycans (highly mannosylated, fucosylated, bisected, fucosylated and bisected) resulting in the co-elution of many structures. The IgGs from various species were selected due to the complexity and variation in their N-glycan composition thereby highlighting the complementarity of these separation techniques

Water Quantity and Quality from a Small Georgia Pasture During 1998-2009: Impact of Drought

Proceedings of the 2011 Georgia Water Resources Conference, April 11, 12, and 13, 2011, Athens, Georgia.The water quality impact of pasture grazing in the Piedmont, which generally occurs under low-input management, is not well studied. Cattle, hydrologic and water quality data were collected from 1999 to 2009 from a rotationally grazed 7.8-ha pasture near Watkinsville Georgia. Grazing occurred during 69 time periods, with 20 to 225 head of cattle grazing 1 to 71 days each period. Mean cattle days (head of cattle x days spent) was 182.4 ha⁻¹ grazing-period⁻¹. Drought occurred with 7 of the 11 years having below average annual rainfall. Runoff events were limited to 20 during 86 months of below average rainfall (deficit period) compared with 54 during 46 months of the non-deficit period. Instrument problems limited sample collection to 43-47 out of possible 67 events from 2000-2009. Across all data, mean event flow weighted concentration (FWC) in mg L⁻¹ was < 1.0 for nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) and ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄- N), 3.7 for total nitrogen (TN), 9.1 for total organic carbon (TOC), 2.0 for ortho-P (PO₄4-P), 2.4 for total P (TP), 0.23 for iron (Fe), and 0.06 for aluminum (Al). Nutrient loads in kg ha⁻¹ event⁻¹ averaged 0.04 for NO₃-N, 0.03 for NH₄-N, 0.19 for TN, 0.54 for TOC, 0.11 for (PO₄4-P, and TP, 0.02 for Fe, and 0.01 for Al. Peak nutrient concentrations and loads occurred during calving season and/or when monthly rainfall was above average. Total load was 3 to 6 times greater from non-deficit than deficit periods. Concentrations of N were well below drinking water standards. Nevertheless observed N and P losses could pose risk of eutrophication because it can be stimulated at low concentrations. Such long-term data are needed to help states set or refine water quality standards.Sponsored by: Georgia Environmental Protection Division U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Water Science Center U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Water Resources Institute The University of Georgia, Water Resources FacultyThis book was published by Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2152. The views and statements advanced in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not represent official views or policies of The University of Georgia, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Georgia Water Research Institute as authorized by the Water Research Institutes Authorization Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-307) or the other conference sponsors

Valgus and varus deformity after wide-local excision, brachytherapy and external beam irradiation in two children with lower extremity synovial cell sarcoma: case report

BACKGROUND: Limb-salvage is a primary objective in the management of extremity soft-tissue sarcoma in adults and children. Wide-local excision combined with radiation therapy is effective in achieving local tumor control with acceptable morbidity and good functional outcomes for most patients. CASE PRESENTATION: Two cases of deformity after wide-local excision, brachytherapy and external beam irradiation for lower-extremity synovial cell sarcoma are presented and discussed to highlight contributing factors, time course of radiation effects and orthopedic management. In an effort to spare normal tissues from the long-term effects of radiation therapy, more focal irradiation techniques have been applied to patients with musculoskeletal tumors including brachytherapy and conformal radiation therapy. As illustrated in this report, the use of these techniques results in the asymmetric irradiation of growth plates and contributes to the development of valgus or varus deformity and leg-length discrepancies. CONCLUSIONS: Despite good functional outcomes, progressive deformity in both patients required epiphysiodesis more than 3 years after initial management. There is a dearth of information related to the effects of radiation therapy on the musculoskeletal system in children. Because limb-sparing approaches are to be highlighted in the next generation of cooperative group protocols for children with musculoskeletal tumors, documentation of the effects of surgery and radiation therapy will lead to improved decision making in the selection of the best treatment approach and in the follow-up of these patients

Sociotechnical agendas: reviewing future directions for energy and climate research

The field of science and technology studies (STS) has introduced and developed a “sociotechnical” perspective that has been taken up by many disciplines and areas of inquiry. The aims and objectives of this study are threefold: to interrogate which sociotechnical concepts or tools from STS are useful at better understanding energy-related social science, to reflect on prominent themes and topics within those approaches, and to identify current research gaps and directions for the future. To do so, the study builds on a companion project, a systematic analysis of 262 articles published from 2009 to mid-2019 that categorized and reviewed sociotechnical perspectives in energy social science. It identifies future research directions by employing the method of “co-creation” based on the reflections of sixteen prominent researchers in the field in late 2019 and early 2020. Drawing from this co-created synthesis, this study first identifies three main areas of sociotechnical perspectives in energy research (sociotechnical systems, policy, and expertise and publics) with 15 topics and 39 subareas. The study then identifies five main themes for the future development of sociotechnical perspectives in energy research: conditions of systematic change; embedded agency; justice, power, identity and politics; imaginaries and discourses; and public engagement and governance. It also points to the recognized need for pluralism and parallax: for research to show greater attention to demographic and geographical diversity; to stronger research designs; to greater theoretical triangulation; and to more transdisciplinary approaches

No-till and Curve Numbers – A Closer Look

Proceedings of the 2011 Georgia Water Resources Conference, April 11, 12, and 13, 2011, Athens, Georgia.Since its inception in the 1950s, worldwide adoption and use of the Curve Number (CN) methodology for estimating runoff has highlighted some inconsistencies, limitations and problems. Analysis of curve numbers derived from 34 years of rainfall-runoff data, gathered from a 2.7 ha Georgia Piedmont catchment managed under no-till, showed that the average CN (57) that led to mean runoff estimate matching the mean measured runoff was 16 less than the average of the range of CN values (73) given in standard handbook tables for the catchment. The derived median value of the initial abstraction ratio (λ) was 0.04, compared to 0.2, the standard value. Many researchers recommend 0.05 for λ. Use of standard CN coefficients and values for fields managed in no-till, and possibly other conservation tillage systems, would likely lead to overestimation of runoff.Sponsored by: Georgia Environmental Protection Division U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Water Science Center U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Water Resources Institute The University of Georgia, Water Resources FacultyThis book was published by Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2152. The views and statements advanced in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not represent official views or policies of The University of Georgia, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Georgia Water Research Institute as authorized by the Water Research Institutes Authorization Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-307) or the other conference sponsors

IMPACT OF DEEP RIPPING OF PREVIOUS NO-TILLAGE CROPLAND ON SURFACE SOIL PROPERTIES

ABSTRACT The use of continuous no-tillage cropping raises concern about water and nutrient movement into subsoil due to high soil bulk density. Deep ripping (i.e., paraplowing) might be a conservation strategy to loosen surface and subsoil without excessive incorporation of surface crop residues. We initiated a multi-year study comprised of four water catchments (3.1-6.7 acres each) that had previously been under continuous no-tillage cropping for at least 10 years. Two of the water catchments were paraplowed each autumn, but managed otherwise with conservation tillage, similar to the two remaining water catchments. Soil-surface properties were evaluated dur ing the first and second year of the study. Soil bulk density of the surface (20 cm) was significantly lower under paraplowing (1.37 Mg m ). Surface residue C was not different between tillage systems in either year. There was no difference in the standing stock of total organic C in residue and soil to a depth of 20 cm between tillage systems in either year. We conclude from these early years of the study that annual paraplowing in combination with conservation tillage management had few negative impacts on soilsurface chemical properties and may have improved soil physical conditions to possibly allow greater water utili zation

Bochum Assessment of Avoidance-based Emotion Regulation for Children (BAER-C): Development and evaluation of a new instrument measuring anticipatory avoidance-based emotion regulation in anxiety eliciting situations.

Avoidance-based emotion regulation plays a central role in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders across the life span. However, measures for children that account for different avoidance strategies, are scarce. Derived from Gross' Process Model of Emotion Regulation, the Bochum Assessment of Avoidance-based Emotion Regulation for Children (BAER-C) was developed to assess avoidance strategies (cognitive avoidance, behavioural avoidance, verbal reassurance, and social reassurance) and reappraisal in anticipatory anxious situations. In the present study, the BAER-C was administered to 129 school children aged 8 to 14 and 199 children with anxiety disorders aged 8 to 16 and their parents, along with established measures on anxiety, psychopathology, and emotion regulation. Factor structure, internal consistency, convergent, divergent and construct validity were analysed. Results of the anxious sample showed a satisfactory internal consistency (McDonald's ω = .94) for all scales as well as positive correlations with anxiety symptoms (all rs > .17, all ps < .05). Factor analysis supported a five-factor model. This model was confirmed in the student sample. Children with an anxiety disorder scored higher on behavioural avoidance, verbal reassurance, and social reassurance than school children (F (5,304) = 12.63, p = .003, ηp2 = .17). Results for construct validity were ambiguous. Our analyses suggest that the BAER-C is a promising theory-based new instrument to reliably assess different avoidance strategies in children. More research is needed to further analyse construct validity with other emotion regulation questionnaires

Bochum Assessment of Avoidance-based Emotion Regulation for Children (BAER-C)

Avoidance-based emotion regulation plays a central role in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders across the life span. However, measures for children that account for different avoidance strategies, are scarce. Derived from Gross' Process Model of Emotion Regulation, the Bochum Assessment of Avoidance-based Emotion Regulation for Children (BAER-C) was developed to assess avoidance strategies (cognitive avoidance, behavioural avoidance, verbal reassurance, and social reassurance) and reappraisal in anticipatory anxious situations. In the present study, the BAER-C was administered to 129 school children aged 8 to 14 and 199 children with anxiety disorders aged 8 to 16 and their parents, along with established measures on anxiety, psychopathology, and emotion regulation. Factor structure, internal consistency, convergent, divergent and construct validity were analysed. Results of the anxious sample showed a satisfactory internal consistency (McDonald's $\omega$ = .94) for all scales as well as positive correlations with anxiety symptoms (all $\it rs$ > .17, all $\it ps$ < .05). Factor analysis supported a five-factor model. This model was confirmed in the student sample. Children with an anxiety disorder scored higher on behavioural avoidance, verbal reassurance, and social reassurance than school children ($\it F$ (5,304) = 12.63, $\it p$ = .003, $\eta$$_{p}^{2}$ = .17). Results for construct validity were ambiguous. Our analyses suggest that the BAER-C is a promising theory-based new instrument to reliably assess different avoidance strategies in children. More research is needed to further analyse construct validity with other emotion regulation questionnaires