Versatile compact atomic source for high resolution dual atom interferometry

We present a compact $^{87}$Rb atomic source for high precision dual atom interferometers. The source is based on a double-stage magneto-optical trap (MOT) design, consisting of a 2-dimensional (2D)-MOT for efficient loading of a 3D-MOT. The accumulated atoms are precisely launched in a horizontal moving molasses. Our setup generates a high atomic flux ($>10^{10}$ atoms/s) with precise and flexibly tunable atomic trajectories as required for high resolution Sagnac atom interferometry. We characterize the performance of the source with respect to the relevant parameters of the launched atoms, i.e. temperature, absolute velocity and pointing, by utilizing time-of-flight techniques and velocity selective Raman transitions.Comment: uses revtex4, 9 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Regulate the Developmental Program of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The identification of molecules that regulate human hematopoietic stem cells has focused mainly on cytokines, of which very few are known to act directly on stem cells. Recent studies in lower organisms and the mouse have suggested that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) may play a critical role in the specification of hematopoietic tissue from the mesodermal germ layer. Here we report that BMPs regulate the proliferation and differentiation of highly purified primitive human hematopoietic cells from adult and neonatal sources. Populations of rare CD34+CD38−Lin− stem cells were isolated from human hematopoietic tissue and were found to express the BMP type I receptors activin-like kinase (ALK)-3 and ALK-6, and their downstream transducers SMAD-1, -4, and -5. Treatment of isolated stem cell populations with soluble BMP-2, -4, and -7 induced dose-dependent changes in proliferation, clonogenicity, cell surface phenotype, and multilineage repopulation capacity after transplantation in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. Similar to transforming growth factor β, treatment of purified cells with BMP-2 or -7 at high concentrations inhibited proliferation yet maintained the primitive CD34+CD38− phenotype and repopulation capacity. In contrast, low concentrations of BMP-4 induced proliferation and differentiation of CD34+ CD38−Lin− cells, whereas at higher concentrations BMP-4 extended the length of time that repopulation capacity could be maintained in ex vivo culture, indicating a direct effect on stem cell survival. The discovery that BMPs are capable of regulating repopulating cells provides a new pathway for controlling human stem cell development and a powerful model system for studying the biological mechanism of BMP action using primary human cells

Portfolio Vol. V N 3

Koons, Marilyn. Apology . Poem. 5. Koons, Marilyn. A Woman\u27s Request Poem. 5. Davidson, Sally. Of the Present . Poem. 5. Koons, Marilyn. Escape in Memory . Poem. 5. Stander, Marianna. Self Portrait . Picture. 5. Morton, John. Consumer\u27s Victory . Prose. 6. Rhu, Helen. Prize Winning Poem . Poem. 8. Rhu, Helen. To the Victor . Poem. 8. Rhu, Helen. Fantasy at Midnight . Poem. 8. Tomlin, Bonnie. The Drag . Picture. 8. Morse, Kay. In Spite of all... Prose. 9. Metcalf, Carolyn. Isolation . Cartoon. 12. Koons, Marilyn. In Black and White . Prose. 14. Harvey, Dick. Through Enemy Eyes . Prose. 15. Vercoe, Mary. Storm .Poem. 16. Vercoe, Mary. Refuge .Poem. 16. Vercoe, Mary. Recovery .Poem. 16. Vercoe, Mary. Temporary Address .Poem. 16. Hill, Jacque. Weary Words . Poem. 17. Brannon, Earl W. The Fall . Poem. 17. T.W. Gardenias . Poem. 17. Hayne, Barbara. Window Tears . Poem. 17. Burrows, Pete. Family Portrait . Prose. 18. Seagrave, Leslie. Retribution . Prose. 19. Benson, Virginia. The Moon Came Up . Prose. 21. Reynolds, Virginia. Matter Over Mind . Prose. 22

Good practice guidelines for long-term ecoacoustic monitoring in the UK: with a particular focus on terrestrial biodiversity at the human-audible frequency range

Passive acoustic monitoring has great potential as a cost-effective method for long-term biodiversity monitoring. However, to maximise its efficacy, standardisation of survey protocols is necessary to ensure data are comparable and permit reliable inferences. The aim of these guidelines is to outline a basic long-term acoustic monitoring protocol that can be adapted to suit a range of projects according to specific objectives and size

Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training decreases peripheral but not central artery wall thickness in subjects with type 2 diabetes

Objective Little is known about the impact of exercise training on conduit artery wall thickness in type 2 diabetes. We examined the local and systemic impact of exercise training on superficial femoral (SFA), brachial (BA), and carotid artery (CA) wall thickness in type 2 diabetes patients and controls. Methods Twenty patients with type 2 diabetes and 10 age- and sex-matched controls performed an 8-week training study involving lower limb-based combined aerobic and resistance exercise training. We examined the SFA to study the local effect of exercise, and also the systemic impact of lower limb-based exercise training on peripheral (i.e. BA) and central (i.e. CA) arteries. Wall thickness (WT), diameter and wall:lumen(W:L)-ratios were examined using automated edge detection of ultrasound images. Results Exercise training did not alter SFA or CA diameter in type 2 diabetes or controls (all P > 0.05). BA diameter was increased after training in type 2 diabetes, but not in controls. Exercise training decreased WT and W:L ratio in the SFA and BA, but not in CA in type 2 diabetes. Training did not alter WT or W:L ratio in controls (P > 0.05). Conclusion Lower limb-dominant exercise training causes remodelling of peripheral arteries, supplying active and inactive vascular beds, but not central arteries in type 2 diabetes

Interleukin-2-regulatory T cell axis critically regulates maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells

The role of IL-2 in HSC maintenance is unknown. Here we show that Il2$^{−/-}$ mice develop severe anomalies in HSC maintenance leading to defective hematopoiesis. Whereas, lack of IL-2 signaling was detrimental for lympho- and erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis was enhanced in Il2$^{−/-}$ mice. Investigation of the underlying mechanisms of dysregulated hematopoiesis in Il2$^{−/-}$ mice shows that the IL-2-T$_{reg}$ cell axis is indispensable for HSC maintenance and normal hematopoiesis. Lack of T$_{reg}$ activity resulted in increased IFN-γ production by activated T cells and an expansion of the HSCs in the bone marrow (BM). Though, restoring T$_{reg}$ population successfully rescued HSC maintenance in Il2$^{-/-}$ mice, preventing IFN-γ activity could do the same even in the absence of T$_{reg}$ cells. Our study suggests that equilibrium in IL-2 and IFN-γ activity is critical for steady state hematopoiesis, and in clinical conditions of BM failure, IL-2 or anti-IFN-γ treatment might help to restore hematopoiesis

Good practice guidelines for long-term ecoacoustic monitoring in the UK

The popularity of ecoacoustics as an innovative environmental discipline has enjoyed immensegrowth within the last five years, to a point where it is now becoming difficult to keep up withall the new research papers published. What soon becomes apparent, however, is a lack ofconsensus on which recording and analysis protocols to follow; partly a result of the differingrequirements of each research project, but also an historical artefact of the tropical originsof much of this research. As more acoustic long-term monitoring schemes start to becomeestablished throughout the UK and neighbouring countries there arises a need to adopt a morecommon set of protocols, more akin to our temperate conditions, to allow for valid future analysisand comparison. To that end a group of ecoacoustic researchers and practitioners met in June2022 to discuss the formulation of such a set. This work was then taken forward by the authors togenerate the guidelines contained herein.Digital technologies now allow us the ability to record our acoustic environments widely, withrelative ease; and to subject the resulting recordings to an ever-expanding range of analyticalmethods. This opens up the potential to create new approaches to gauging biodiversity andassessing the changing fortunes of species and their habitats. To maximise these benefits itis vitally important that we secure now, and into the future, data which will illustrate baselineassessments and highlight change. These guidelines therefore provide welcome instruction andconformity, particularly for those new to ecoacoustics. Please use them, as appropriate, to helpguide your own contributions to the growing awareness, and use, of sound as an environmentalmetric within the UK and Europe