The Necessity of Inclusive Education for the Renewal of Governance Concepts in Education: Germany and Luxembourg Compared

Die hohe und gestiegene Bedeutung inklusiver Bildung – für Individuen und Gesellschaften gleichermaßen – wird global, national, regional und lokal von verschiedensten Akteur*innen hervorgehoben sowie zunehmend auch wissenschaftlich multidisziplinär diskutiert. Fragen der Steuerung, der Governance, hingegen, sind bisher im deutschsprachigen Raum nur wenig systematisch oder umfassend analysiert worden, obwohl mehrere Wissenschaftsdisziplinen sich zunehmend mit diesen Fragen auseinandersetzen. Während politikwissenschaftliche Analysen die Machtstrukturen, Pfadabhängigkeiten und Entscheidungsprozesse fokussieren haben soziologische Analysen die globale Diffusion von Diskursen und Normen sowie systembedingte Komplexitäten und Umsetzungsschwierigkeiten vielfältiger Reformen verdeutlicht. Die Erziehungswissenschaft, nicht nur in der deutsch-sprachigen Welt, hat sich lange Zeit schwer getan, sich eindeutig zu den brisanten bildungs- als auch sozialpolitischen Fragen der inklusiven Bildung – auch die zentrale Frage der Governance – zu positionieren, weil es das fundamentale Verhältnis von Allgemeiner und Sonderpädagogik hinterfragt sowie in letzter Konsequenz die Transformation des gegliederten und hochgradig selektiven Bildungswesen verlangt. Dieser Band beleuchtet eben dieses Spannungsverhältnis aus verschiedenen Perspektiven; in diesem Beitrag wird deshalb versucht, verschiedene Dimensionen der Governance auf der Forschungsagenda zu platzieren, wie auch in zwei konkreten Fällen – Deutschland und Luxemburg – zu vertiefen

The 4-loop beta-function in the 2D Non-Abelian Thirring model, and comparison with its conjectured "exact" form

Recently, B. Gerganov, A. LeClair and M. Moriconi [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 4753] have proposed an "exact" (all orders) beta-function for 2-dimensional conformal field theories with Kac-Moody current-algebra symmetry at any level k, based on a Lie group G, which are perturbed by a current-current interaction. This theory is also known as the Non-Abelian Thirring model. We check this conjecture with an explicit calculation of the beta-function to 4-loop order, for the classical groups G= SU(N), SO(N) and SP(N). We find a contribution at 4-loop order, proportional to a higher-order group-theoretical invariant, which is incompatible with the proposed beta-function in all possible regularization schemes.Comment: 26 pages, 24 figures, latex2

Определение технических характеристик размешивания и проектирование оборудования для вязких сред

Существенным недостатком подходов у многих исследователей является большое количество упрощений расчетных моделей и невозможность точной количественной оценки параметров технологического процесса перемешивания. В данной работе, эффективность перемешивания трех видов импеллеров была исследована. Все расчеты и анализы были проведены с помощью не только физических моделей но и Ansys v17.2, что обеспечил качество результата данного исследования.In this study computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was used to study mixing in an Industrial tank. We use Ansys v17.2 to do the evaluation of fluid mixing efficiency. In this study we use three different mixer models to do the comparison. The objective was to analyze the extent of mixing in the tank by producing visual images of the various mixing zones in the tank domain

Haloes gone MAD: The Halo-Finder Comparison Project

[abridged] We present a detailed comparison of fundamental dark matter halo properties retrieved by a substantial number of different halo finders. These codes span a wide range of techniques including friends-of-friends (FOF), spherical-overdensity (SO) and phase-space based algorithms. We further introduce a robust (and publicly available) suite of test scenarios that allows halo finder developers to compare the performance of their codes against those presented here. This set includes mock haloes containing various levels and distributions of substructure at a range of resolutions as well as a cosmological simulation of the large-scale structure of the universe. All the halo finding codes tested could successfully recover the spatial location of our mock haloes. They further returned lists of particles (potentially) belonging to the object that led to coinciding values for the maximum of the circular velocity profile and the radius where it is reached. All the finders based in configuration space struggled to recover substructure that was located close to the centre of the host halo and the radial dependence of the mass recovered varies from finder to finder. Those finders based in phase space could resolve central substructure although they found difficulties in accurately recovering its properties. Via a resolution study we found that most of the finders could not reliably recover substructure containing fewer than 30-40 particles. However, also here the phase space finders excelled by resolving substructure down to 10-20 particles. By comparing the halo finders using a high resolution cosmological volume we found that they agree remarkably well on fundamental properties of astrophysical significance (e.g. mass, position, velocity, and peak of the rotation curve).Comment: 27 interesting pages, 20 beautiful figures, and 4 informative tables accepted for publication in MNRAS. The high-resolution version of the paper as well as all the test cases and analysis can be found at the web site http://popia.ft.uam.es/HaloesGoingMA

Teaching Diverse Learners in Europe: Inspiring Practices and Lessons Learned from Germany, Iceland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Spain and Sweden

Teaching in inclusive settings may be considered a new, challenging task; however, successfully supporting diverse pupils in their learning process has always been at the heart of outstanding pedagogy. Vast differences both in the extent and the quality of inclusive schooling exist between and within European countries. Promoting comparison and cooperation among countries with long-institutionalized inclusive schooling and countries with less inclusive structures, cultures, and practices proves crucial in education research and reform. Building upon a multi-year collaboration, we synthesize lessons learned about inclusive education reforms and “inspiring practices“ in inclusive education in partner schools in Germany, Iceland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Spain, and Sweden. Contemporary practices take the diversity of groups of learners into account, building upon diversity as a resource; this served as the framework for our collaboration. The TdiverS consortium—as an EU-funded Comenius Network Project “Teaching Diverse Learners in (School-)Subjects“ (TdiverS)—was built on the following principles and goals: (1) diversity in theory and practice, resulting from collaborations of practitioners and scientists exchanging knowledge about teaching in inclusive settings; (2) strengthening awareness of the diversity of frameworks, conditions, and determining factors of teaching inclusively in varying cultural contexts; and (3) inclusive education research uniting multilevel, multicultural, and multidisciplinary perspectives. We highlight the values of inclusive education, map its contemporary European geography, summarize contemporary country-level education reforms and the local development of inclusive practices in six countries, and discuss lessons learned across Northern, Eastern, Southern, and Western Europe

The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb29

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure