Estudios prácticos en ecosistemas forestales. Adquisición de competencias profesionales desde la docencia de la Ecología

La docencia de asignaturas con un alto grado de especificidad puede servir de manera especialmente eficaz para incorporar materiales, técnicas y diseños aplicados a la resolución de problemas prácticos, lo más cercanos posible a la realidad social y las necesidades que demanda el mundo laboral. Presentamos una experiencia de formación eminentemente profesional con alumnos que cursan Espacios Naturales, en la titulación de Ciencias Ambientales. Para ello algunos de los créditos prácticos de las asignaturas se han organizado en forma de trabajos de investigación/gestión de masas forestales. Consideramos que los alumnos han adquirido competencias profesionales análogas a las desarrolladas por las empresas de consultoría y gestión ambiental o forestal, así como competencias más específicas, relacionadas con el diseño experimental, la toma, análisis e interpretación de datos y capacidades para la redacción y transmisión de los trabajos experimentales en forma de informes científico-técnicos.Artículo revisado por pare

Nursing intervention to improve positive mental health and self-care skills in people with chronic physical health conditions

The exponential increase in the number of people suffering chronic illness has become a problem for which healthcare services need a response. The inclusion of self-care and positive mental health as part of a strategy to promote health offers an opportunity for a reorganization oriented towards community spaces and group interventions. This study undertook the assessment of an intervention designed to optimize the agency of and capacity for self-care and positive mental health by utilizing activities drawn from the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), specifically from Field 3 (Behavioral), and organized as a program called PIPsE. A quasi-experimental design was prepared with an intervention group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 22), in a primary care center in the Barcelona metropolitan area. The instruments used were two ad hoc questionnaires to collect sociodemographic and satisfaction information and two scales: the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASA) and the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ). The results obtained showed a significant increase in self-care capacity and both overall positive mental health and mental health by factors in the intervention group

Effectiveness of the online 'Dialogue Circles' nursing intervention to increase positive mental health and reduce the burden of caregivers of patients with complex chronic conditions. Randomized clinical trial

The personal demands involved in caring for a chronically ill person can lead to emotional and physical exhaustion in caregivers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an online nursing intervention called 'dialogue circles' designed to reduce caregiver overload and enhance positive mental health (PMH) in family caregivers. We used a pre-post design. The sample consisted of 86 family caregivers of patients with complex chronic conditions, randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 43) or the control group (n = 43). All participants completed the Zarit scale and the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire 15 days before starting the intervention and 30 days after its completion. Comparison of the post-test changes revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups in PMH and overload, with the intervention group showing greater positive changes in all dimensions of PMH after the intervention and lower scores on overload. In conclusion, the results suggest that incorporating dialogue circles as an online nursing intervention in the caregivers of patients with complex chronic conditions can enhance PMH and decrease caregiver overload, especially in settings where face-to-face encounters are not possible

Mountain waves analysis in the vicinity of the Madrid-Barajas Airport using the WRF model

Turbulence and aircraft icing associated with mountain waves are weather phenomena potentially affecting aviation safety. In this paper, these weather phenomena are analysed in the vicinity of the Adolfo Su´arez Madrid-Barajas Airport (Spain). Mountain waves are formed in this area due to the proximity of the Guadarrama mountain range. Twenty different weather research and forecasting (WRF) model configurations are evaluated in an initial analysis. .is shows the incompetence of some experiments to capture the phenomenon. .e two experiments showing the best results are used to simulate thirteen episodes with observed mountain waves. Simulated pseudosatellite images are validated using satellite observations, and an analysis is performed through several skill scores applied to brightness temperature. Few differences are found among the different skill scores. Nevertheless, the .ompson microphysics scheme combined with the Yonsei university PBL scheme shows the best results. .e simulations produced by this scheme are used to evaluate the characteristic variables of the mountain wave episodes at windward and leeward and over the mountain. .e results show that north-northwest wind directions, moderate wind velocities, and neutral or slightly stable conditions are the main features for the episodes evaluated. In addition, a case study is analysed to evidence the WRF ability to properly detect turbulence and icing associated with mountain waves, even when there is no visual evidence available..is work was partially supported by the following research projects: PID2019-105306RB-I00, PCIN-2014-013-C07-04, and PCIN2016-080 (UE ERA-NET Plus NEWA Project), CGL2016-78702-C2-1-R and CGL2016-78702-C2-2-R (SAFEFLIGHT Project), FEI-EU-17-16 and SPESMARTand SPESVALE (ECMWF Special Projects)

Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2021

The CAV-AEP annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for all children and adolescent resident in Spain, taking into account the available evidence. The 2+1 schedule is recommended (2, 4, and 11 months) with hexavalent vaccines (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) and with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate.A 6-year booster is recommended, preferably with DTPa (if available), with a dose of polio for those who received 2+1 schemes, as well as vaccination with Tdpa in adolescents and in each pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 32 weeks. Rotavirus vaccine should be systematic for all infants. Meningococcal B vaccine, with a 2+1 schedule, should be included in routine calendar. In addition to the inclusion of the conjugated tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY) at 12 years of age with catch up to 18 years, inclusive, the CAV recommends this vaccine to be also included at 12 months of age, replacing MenC. Likewise, it is recommended in those over 6 weeks of age with risk factors or who travel to countries with a high incidence of these serogroups. Two-dose schedules for triple viral (12 months and 3-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 3-4 years) will be used. The second dose could be applied as a tetraviral vaccine. Universal systematic vaccination against HPV is recommended, regardless of gender, preferably at 12 years, and greater effort should be made to improve coverage. The 9 genotype extends coverage for both genders

Characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus newly treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists (CHADIG Study): a cross-sectional multicentre study in Spain

Objective: Several glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra) have been made recently available in Spain for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) treatment. There are no published data on the clinical and sociodemographic profile of patients initiating treatment with GLP-1Ra in Spain. Our objective was to understand these patients' characteristics in a real-world clinical practice setting. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Setting: Spanish specialist outpatient clinics. Participants: 403 adults with DM2 initiating GLP-1Ra treatment were included. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Sociodemographic and DM2-related clinical data, including treatment at and after GLP-1Ra initiation and comorbidities, were collected. Results: Evaluable patients (n=403; 50.9% female) were included ( July 2013 to March 2014) at 24 centres by 53 specialists (47 endocrinology, 6 internal medicine), with the following profile (value±SD): age (58.3±10.4 years), diabetes duration (9.9±7 years), body mass index (BMI; 36.2±5.5) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; 8.4±1.4%); 14% had HbA1c≤7%. Previous antidiabetic treatment: 53.8% only oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), 5.2% insulin and 40% insulin and OAD; of those receiving OAD, 35% single drug, 38.2% 2 drugs and 24% 3 drugs. Concomitant to GLP-1Ra, 55.3% were only on OAD, 36.2% on insulin and OAD, and 7.2% only on insulin. Of those receiving OAD, the GLP-1Ra was mainly associated with 1 drug (65%) or 2 drugs (31.8%). GLP-1Ra are frequently added to existing antidiabetic drugs, with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors being the OAD most frequently switched (45% receiving 1 before starting GLP-1Ra, only 2.7% receiving it concomitantly). Conclusions: In Spain, GLP-1Ra therapy is usually started in combination with OADs or OADs and insulin. These drugs are used in relatively young patients often not reaching therapeutic goals with other treatment combinations, roughly a decade after diagnosis and with a relatively high BMI. The latter could be explaine

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Descripción de los principales tipos de suelo de la Reserva Biológica de Doñana

13 páginas, 16 referencias.-- Trabajo presentado al citado congreso que tuvo lugar del 10-15, de diciembre, de 1977, en La Rábida, Huelva, España.-- El volumen consta de 877 páginas y existe un ejemplar en la Biblioteca del IRNAS, para su consulta.En el Parque Nacional de Doñana pueden considerarse dos grandes complejos ambientales: el complejo de arenas y el de marismas. Dentro del primero pueden distinguirse distintos tipos de suelos que vienen definidos por la movilidad del sustrato, la profundidad de la capa freática y la fase de sucesión. En efecto, la evolución edáfica de los materiales en este complejo ambiental va desde el regosuelo sobre arenas (dunas móviles) hasta el ranker arenoso con hidromorfia (capa freática oscilando entre O y 1 metro). El complejo de marismas está constituido por suelos desarrollados sobre sedimentos aluviales finos, pudiéndose distinguir diferentes unidades edáficas en función de la microtopografía y del grado de salinidad. Así, en las zonas mas deprimidas ("lucios") aparecen suelos sódicos (Sistemática francesa) del tipo Solontchak calizo y Solontchak calizo gléyico, mientras que en las zonas más elevadas ("paciles" y "vetas") los suelos representativos son salino-alcalino.Peer reviewe

Diferenciación geomorfológica de las arenas estabilizadas de la reserva biológica de Doñana, en base a la evolución edáfica

12 páginas, 2 tablas, 9 referencias.-- Trabajo presentado a la VI Reunion do Grupo Español de Traballo de Quaternario, celebrado en Galicia, Santiago-O Castro-Vigo.[ES]: Se estudian tres perfiles de suelos que constituyen una catena de evolución dentro del área de arenas estabilizadas de la Reserva Biológica de Doñana. Dichas arenas forman parte de un antiguo sistema dunar, aún fácilmente reconocible, donde se diferencian distintas unidades geomorfológicas relacionadas estrechamente con la evolución edafológica. En efecto, la profundidad de la capa freática condiciona el proceso de hidromorfía al mismo tiempo que el de acumulación de materia orgánica a través de la mayor o menor cobertura vegetal.[FR]: On étude trois profils de sols constituant une caténa d'évolution dans l'aire de sables stabilisés de la Réserve Biologique de Doñana (Huelva). Les sables forment partie d'un ancien sys- teme dunaire qu'on reconnaît encore facilement. Dans ce système, on distingue diverses unités géomorphologiques étroitement rapportées a l'évolution pédologique. En effet, la profondeur de la nappe phréatique conditionne le processus de l'hydromorphie en meme temps que celui de l'accumulation de matière organique à travers l'épaisseur de la couverture végétale.Peer reviewe