The multidimensional character of semiotics and their representation in thesauri

[Resumen] La investigación se centra en el estudio del carácter multidimensional de la semiótica y su representación en tesauros. Se parte de los postulados teóricos de Eco (1991) y Jofré (1997), entre otros, quienes presentan a la semiótica como una red interdisciplinaria, como campo transdisciplinario y como metateoría. Metodológicamente, se sustenta en el análisis de dominio (Hjørland; Albrechtsen, 1995; López-Huertas, 2006) para la interpretación de la multidimensionalidad disciplinar de la semiótica y su representación en tesauros. Se obtuvo que, el análisis de dominio ratifica el carácter multidimensional de los saberes semióticos derivado del elevado grado de cooperación de esta ciencia en la interpretación y significación de los objetos semióticos. Del análisis estructural de las clases y áreas temáticas de los tesauros, se obtuvo que las mismas no guardan correspondencia con los dominios inter-transdisciplinarios aquí identificados. Se recomienda profundizar los estudios terminológicos para la verificación del origen y reconceptualización de los términos, así como desarrollar un sistema de representación del conocimiento que integre los dominios con los cuales dialoga esta macro-categoría científica.[Abstract] This study centers on the multidimensional character of semiotics and its representation in thesauri. It is based on the theoretical postulates of Eco (1991) and Jofré (1997), among others, who present semiotics as an interdisciplinary network, as a transdisciplinary field and as metatheory. Methodologically, it rests on domain analysis (Hjørland; Albrechtsen, 1995; López-Huertas, 2006) for interpreting the disciplinary multidimensionality of semiotics and its representation in thesauri. It was found that domain analysis ratifies the multidimensional character of semiotic knowledge derived from a high degree of cooperation by this science in the interpretation and signification of semiotic objects. From a structural analysis of the classes and thematic areas of the thesauri, it was found that these do not correspond with the intertransdisciplinary domains identified herein. Recommendations are to deepen terminological studies in order to verify the origin and reconceptualization of the terms, as well as develop a system for representing knowledge that integrates the domains with which this macro scientific category dialogs

Los espacios del /ver/ en la película Volver, de Pedro Almodovar

Se examinan, desde la perspectiva semiótica, las formas en que Pedro Almodóvar hilvana y da sentido a una de sus películas emblemáticas Volver (ganadora de cinco premios Goya); pero además se indaga sobre la forma cómo /ve/ y nos /hace ver/ su punto de vista tan particular, y a la vez, tan trascendental y globalizante acerca de la muerte y la convivencia entre el campo y la ciudad.From a semiotic perspective, it can be analyzed, the ways in which Pedro Almodovar threads and gives sense to one of his emblematic films Volver (winning of five Goya prizes). Moreover, it is also investigated the way how Almodovar /sees/ and /making us to see/ his simultaneously and so particular, momentous and globalizing point of view about the death, and the coexistence between the country and the city

Fronteras virtuales : entre el ser y el parecer

En este artículo se investiga desde la perspectiva de uno de los aspectos de la semiótica greimasiana (modalidades y veridicciones), las fronteras existentes en las tecnologías digitales, con especial énfasis en Internet. Se inicia con el concepto de cibercultura como espacio de significados; posteriormente se examinan aspectos relacionados con la brecha digital, invasión de la privacidad, tecnologías del control y comprobación como las nuevas barrera-fronteras que promueven la exclusión y la desigualdad ante las nuevas tecnologías. El estudio concluye con una investigación en el ser-visto en Internet.In this article, the existing borders in the digital technologies, with special emphasis on the Internet, are investigated from the perspective of one aspect of the greimasian semiotics (modalities and veridictions). It initiates with the concept of ciber-culture as space of meanings; subsequently it examines the digital gaps, the invasion of privacy, technologies of control and the testing of how new barriers-borders promote exclusion and inequality in relation to the new technologies. The article ends with an investigation on the 'be-seen' in Internet

Análisis semiótico de la infografía digital

El presente artículo expone los resultados del análisis semiótico aplicado a una de las infografías digitales relacionadas con el tema de la Copa América publicadas en el cibermedio venezolano El Universal Digital. La importancia del estudio se centró en investigar si tal forma discursiva se corresponde con un relato informativo noticioso para ampliar, profundizar y relacionar los contenidos con los sucesos, eventos o acontecimientos, tal y como se concibe en el periodismo. El corpus se abordó teórica y metodológicamente a partir del modelo binario de Roland Barthes (1982, 1986), de la organización sintagmática de Ferdinand de Saussure (1974) y del nivel tropológico del modelo estratificado de Umberto Eco (1972). Entre los resultados destacan que el relato infográfico responde a una estructura sintagmática propia del mensaje publicitario y la función de anclaje con la que opera es la misma de dicho discurso.The present paper exposes the results of the semiotic analysis applied to one of the digital infographics related to the subject of the published in the Copa América published in the venezuelan cybermedia El Universal Digital. The importance of the study was centered in investigating if such discursive form corresponds with an informative story or news to expand, to deepen and to relate the contents with the events, just as is conceived in the journalism. The corpus was undertaken theoretical and methodologically from the binary model of Roland Barthes (1982, 1986), the sintagmatic organization from Ferdinand de Saussure (1974) and the tropological level of the stratifed model by Umberto Eco (1972). Between the results they emphasize that the infografic story responds to a sintagmatic structure own of the advertising message, it is operates with anchorage function in the same discours

¿Es la obesidad un factor de riesgo para el trastorno de déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH)?

lteraciones en el desarrollo de la atencióny la organización conductual puedenconfigurar cuadros clínicos comoel trastorno déficit de atención (TDA) que puede estaracompañado o no de hiperactividad (TDAH), este últimoparece tener una relación directa con otros diagnósticosde tipo endocrino como la obesidad. El objetivo del estudioes analizar la relación que existe entre el TDAH y laobesidad. Es por ello que se realiza una revisión sistemáticade estudios científicos revelando relaciones y diferenciasentre ambos trastornos desde una mirada fisiológica,cognoscitiva y comportamental. Se concluye que la relaciónentre el TDAH y la obesidad se da por factores genéticos,por variaciones dopaminérgicas, cambios en patronesde sueño, desajustes emocionales y por alteraciones en laregulación de la conducta; igualmente influyen factoressociales relacionados con el cuidado en el embarazo y laalimentación de las mujeres antes y durante la gestación

Genomic Characterization of Host Factors Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in People with Dementia and Control Populations: The GR@ACE/DEGESCO Study

Emerging studies have suggested several chromosomal regions as potential host genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome. We nested a COVID-19 genome-wide association study using the GR@ACE/DEGESCO study, searching for susceptibility factors associated with COVID-19 disease. To this end, we compared 221 COVID-19 confirmed cases with 17,035 individuals in whom the COVID-19 disease status was unknown. Then, we performed a meta-analysis with the publicly available data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. Because the APOE locus has been suggested as a potential modifier of COVID-19 disease, we added sensitivity analyses stratifying by dementia status or by disease severity. We confirmed the existence of the 3p21.31 region (LZTFL1, SLC6A20) implicated in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and TYK2 gene might be involved in COVID-19 severity. Nevertheless, no statistically significant association was observed in the COVID-19 fatal outcome or in the stratified analyses (dementia-only and non-dementia strata) for the APOE locus not supporting its involvement in SARS-CoV-2 pathobiology or COVID-19 prognosis

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Funder: Funder: Fundación bancaria ‘La Caixa’ Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: Grifols SA Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Number: 115975 Funder: JPco-fuND FP-829-029 Number: 733051061Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer's disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer's disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 9

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, volumen 9, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones