QUALIDADE E PRODUTIVIDADE ECONÔMICA DE CULTIVARES ALFACE CONDUZIDAS NAS CONDIÇÕES EDAFOCLIMÁTICAS DO SUDESTE PARAENSE

Among the vegetables consumed in Brazil, lettuce, is highlighted in economic importance and in relation to productivity. The temperature can significantly influence the lettuce, changing its architecture, production cycle and resistance to pendoamento. The objective of this study was to determine the yield of lettuce cultivars and their quality under the soil and climatic conditions of the municipality of Paragominas-PA. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia, campus of Paragominas, in the experimental area of Horticulture. The experimental design was a randomized block, with five treatments (different cultivars) and four replications, 10 installments, being evaluated five lettuce cultivars: Rafaela American, Veneranda, Purple Wonder four seasons butter, Crespa and Black. All data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance with test F. When there was significance to the factor was applied Tukey test (1%) for comparison of averages. Under the conditions of this experiment, cultivate rafaela showed better economic productivity and better quality as evaluators. However, the black cultivars and wonder showed an early cycle to region. Thus, demonstrating that these three cultivars are best suited for production in areas with high temperature, such as the northeast Pará region. KEYWORDS: Lactuca sativa, Produção, Viabilidade.Entre las hortalizas consumidas en el país, la lechuga, se destaca en importancia económica y con relación a la productividad. La temperatura puede influir significativamente en la lechuga, modificando su arquitectura, producción, ciclo y capacidad de soportar el pimiento. De esta forma se objetivó determinar la producción de cultivares lechuga y su calidad bajo las condiciones edafoclimáticas del municipio de Paragominas-PA. El experimento fue conducido en la Universidad Federal Rural de la Amazonia, campus de Paragominas, en el área experimental de Horticultura. En la mayoría de los casos, se observó un aumento de la producción de leche en la leche materna. Todos los datos obtenidos fueron analizados estadísticamente a través del análisis de varianza, con prueba F. Cuando hubo significancia para el factor fue aplicado test de Tukey (1%) para la comparación de promedios. En las condiciones de este experimento, se puede verificar que la cv. Rafaela presentó mejor productividad económica y mejor calidad según los evaluadores. Sin embargo, las cultivares Black y Maravilla presentaron un ciclo precoz para la región. Demostrando que estos tres cultivares son más adecuados para la producción en regiones con alta temperatura, como es el caso de la región sudeste paraense. Palabras clave: Lactuca sativa, Producción, Viabilidad.Dentre as hortaliças consumidas no país, a alface, encontra-se em destaque em importância econômica e com relação à produtividade. A temperatura pode influenciar significativamente na alface, modificando a sua arquitetura, produção, ciclo e capacidade de suportar ao pendoamento. Dessa forma objetivou-se determinar a produção de cultivares alface e sua qualidade sob as condições edafoclimáticas do município de Paragominas-PA. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, campus de Paragominas, na área experimental de Horticultura. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (diferentes cultivares), e com quatro repetições, 10 parcelas, sendo avaliado cinco cultivares de alface: Rafaela, Veneranda, Maravilha quatro estações roxa manteiga, Crespa e Black. Todos os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente através da análise de variância, com teste F. Quando houve significância para o fator foi aplicado teste de Tukey (1%) para a comparação de médias. Nas condições deste experimento, pode-se verificar que a cv. Rafaela apresentou melhor produtividade econômica e melhor qualidade conforme as avaliações.  No entanto as cultivares Black e Maravilha apresentaram um ciclo precoce para região.  Demonstrando assim que essas três cultivares são mais adequadas para produção em regiões com alta temperatura, como é o caso da região sudeste paraense. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Lactuca sativa, Produção, Viabilidade

Association between coffee consumption and prevalence of periodontal disease: an exploratory study

Scenario: Dental surface biofilm formation triggers periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis), the second most frequent oral pathology, second only to caries. Studies of these diseases' prevalence in coffee consumers have shown conflicting results. Some studies correlate coffee consumption with the aggravation of the periodontal disease, while others with disease remission. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the association between coffee consumption and the prevalence of periodontal disease using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Method: We developed a cross-sectional study with 127 people at a primary health care service in Baturité, Brazil, in 2022. Participants were interviewed to investigate sociodemographic data, eating habits, and coffee consumption. Then, a clinical periodontal examination was performed to obtain the CPI index. The study was approved by a Human Research Ethics Committee under opinion number 5.492.233. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and the Chi-square and Pearson's correlation were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Age influenced the CPI index (gingival bleeding, calculus, and periodontal pockets) in five of the six sextants evaluated. Older patients had a higher rate of periodontal disease. The most common pattern of coffee consumption was ≥ 2 times a day, with 240 ml (one cup) per serving. Conclusion: Coffee consumption was inversely related to the prevalence of the periodontal disease. Participants who consumed more coffee showed a lower prevalence of gingival bleeding, calculus, and periodontal pockets. This finding was more evident among young subjects. Finally, there was no association between educational level and periodontal disease

DINÂMICA DE USO DA TERRA, NO SETOR AGROPECUÁRIO, EM PARAGOMINAS – PA

ABSTRACT: Knowing land use is an essential step for strategic planning of the agricultural sector. Thus, this study evaluated the dynamics of land use in the city of Paragominas from 2008 to 2014 using geoprocessing and the shift-share model. The sources of the database acquired were TerraClass project, DNIT and IBGE, obtained in electronic addresses for free, which were used in the elaboration of georeferenced maps. The land uses were annual crops, shrubby pasture, herbaceous pasture, deforestation and reforestation, on the years of 2008 and 2014. The data in hectares from the five land use classes were also analyzed by the shift-share model through the effect area decomposed into the scale and substitution effects. The results revealed that land use in Paragominas presented expansion to the activities herbaceous pasture and annual crops in the study period resulting in positive values of the scale effect. Shrubby pasture and deforestation activities revealed a decrease in area utilization which resulted in negative values of the substitution effect. The class that presented higher values in hectares used and of substitution effect was the herbaceous pasture.KEYWORDS: Amazon, Geoprocessing, Shift-share Model.RESUMEN: Conocer el uso de la tierra se presenta como paso esencial para la planificación estratégica del sector agropecuario. De esta forma, este estudio evaluó la dinámica de uso de la tierra, del sector agropecuario, en el municipio de Paragominas en el período de 2008 a 2014 por medio de técnicas de geoprocesamiento y del modelo shift-share. Las fuentes de la base de datos adquiridos fueron del Proyecto TerraClass, DNIT e IBGE, obtenidos en sus direcciones electrónicas de forma gratuita, los cuales fueron utilizados en la elaboración de mapas georreferenciados. Las clases de usos de la tierra analizadas fueron agricultura anual, pasto sucio, pasto limpio, deforestación y reforestación en los años 2008 y 2014. Los datos en hectáreas provenientes de las cinco clases de uso de la tierra también fueron analizados por el modelo shift-share a través del efecto área descompuesto en los efectos de escala y sustitución. Los resultados revelaron que el uso de la tierra en Paragominas presentó expansión para las actividades pasto limpio y agricultura anual en el período de estudio resultando en valores positivos del efecto escala. Las actividades pasto sucio y deforestación revelaron una disminución de área utilizada que resultó en valores negativos del efecto sustitutivo. La clase que presentó mayores valores en hectáreas utilizadas y de efecto sustitutivo fue el pasto limpio.PALABRAS CLAVE: Amazonia, Geoprocesamiento, Modelo Shift-Share.RESUMO: Conhecer o uso da terra apresenta-se como passo essencial para planejamento estratégico do setor agropecuário. Dessa forma, este estudo avaliou a dinâmica de uso da terra, do setor agropecuário, no município de Paragominas – PA, no período de 2008 a 2014, por meio de técnicas de geoprocessamento e do modelo shift-share. As fontes da base de dados adquiridos foram do Projeto TerraClass, DNIT e IBGE, obtidos em seus endereços eletrônicos de forma gratuita, os quais foram utilizados na elaboração de mapas georreferenciados. As classes de usos da terra analisadas foram agricultura anual, pasto sujo, pasto limpo, desflorestamento e reflorestamento nos anos de 2008 e 2014. Os dados em hectares provenientes das cinco classes de uso da terra também foram analisados pelo modelo shift-share através do efeito área decomposto nos efeitos escala e substituição.  Os resultados revelaram que uso da terra em Paragominas apresentou expansão para as atividades pasto limpo e agricultura anual no período de estudo resultando em valores positivos do efeito escala. As atividades pasto sujo e desflorestamento revelaram uma diminuição de área utilizada o que resultou em valores negativos do efeito substituição. A classe que apresentou maiores valores em hectares utilizados e de efeito substituição foi o pasto limpo.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Amazônia, Geoprocessamento, Modelo Shift-Share

ADAPTABILIDAD DE DIFERENTES CULTIVARES DE MAÍZ SOMETIDAS A LAS CONDICIONES CLIMÁTICAS EN EL NORESTE DEL ESTADO DE PARÁ

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho e adaptabilidade de diferentes cultivares de milho, comerciais e não comerciais submetidos às condições climáticas de Dom Eliseu, no nordeste do Pará. O experimento foi executado na Fazenda Flor do Ipê, localizada no município de Dom Eliseu, no km 22 da Rodovia BR-222, com coordenada geográfica 4°17'30.93"S e 47°48'38.54"O. O clima é caracterizado como do tipo Awi da classificação de Köppen, isto é, clima tropical chuvoso com estação seca bem definida. Foram registradas Temperatura do ar (ºC) e Precipitação Pluviométrica (mm) através da estação meteorológica pertencente à APROSOJA – Associação dos Produtores de Soja do Brasil. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com 12 cultivares de milho (Zea mays L.), sendo 6 comerciais e 6 não comerciais, com cinco repetições em cada cultivar. Foi utilizado o Software Sisvar para análise de variância, com comparação de médias através do Teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A temperatura do ar, nos diferentes meses do período experimental, se manteve em níveis toleráveis para o cultivo de milho. A cultivar não comercial que melhor se adaptou ao ambiente de Dom Eliseu foi a DOWCOD030PW. Para as cultivares comerciais a melhor adaptação às condições edafoclimáticas foi apresentada pela 2B587PW.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Adaptação, Características agronômicas, Produtividade.ABSTRACT: The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the performance and adaptability of different commercial and non-commercial maize cultivars submitted to Dom Eliseu, Pará climatic conditions. The experiment was carried out at Flor do Ipê Farm, located in the municipality of Dom Eliseu, at km 22 of Highway BR-222, with geographic coordinate 4 ° 17'30.93 "S and 47 ° 48'38.54" W. The climate is characterized as Awi-type Köppen classification, ie rainy tropical climate with well-defined dry season. Air temperature (ºC) and rainfall (mm) were recorded through meteorological station belonging to APROSOJA - Brazilian Soybean Producers Association. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 12 cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.), 6 commercial and 6 non-commercial, with five replicates in each cultivar. The Sisvar Software was used for analysis of variance, with means comparison using the Tukey Test at 5% probability. The air temperature in the different months of the experimental period remained at tolerable levels for maize cultivation. The non-commercial cultivar that best adapted to Dom Eliseu's environment was DOWCOD030PW. For commercial cultivars the best adaptation to soil and climatic conditions was presented by 2B587PW. KEYWORDS: Adaptation, Agronomic characteristics, Productivity.RESUMEN: Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el desempeño y adaptabilidad de diferentes cultivares de maíz, comerciales y no comerciales sometidos a las condiciones climáticas de Don Eliseo, Pará. El experimento fue ejecutado en la Hacienda Flor do Ipê, ubicada en el municipio de Dom Eliseu, en el km 22 de la Ruta BR-222, con coordenada geográfica 4 ° 17'30.93 "S y 47 ° 48'38.54" O. El clima se caracteriza como el tipo Awi de la clasificación de Köppen, es decir, clima tropical lluvioso con estación seca bien definida. Se registraron Temperatura del aire (ºC) y Precipitación Pluviométrica (mm) a través de la estacione meteorológica perteneciente a APROSOJA - Asociación de Productores de Soja de Brasil. El experimento fue realizado en delineamiento enteramente al azar, con 12 cultivares de maíz (Zea mays L.), siendo 6 comerciales y 6 no comerciales, con cinco repeticiones en cada cultivar. Se utilizó el software Sisvar para análisis de varianza, con comparación de promedios a través del test de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad. La temperatura del aire, en los diferentes meses del período experimental, se mantuvo en niveles tolerables para el cultivo de maíz. La cultivar no comercial que mejor se adaptó al ambiente de Don Eliseo fue la DOWCOD030PW. Para las cultivares comerciales la mejor adaptación a las condiciones edafoclimáticas fue presentada por la 2B587PW.PALABRAS CLAVE: Adaptación, Características agronómicas, Productividad

Bioassay-guided evaluation of central nervous system effects of citronellal in rodents

The central nervous system (CNS) depressant and anticonvulsant activities of citronellal (CT) were investigated in animal models. The CT in doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg injected by i.p. route in mice caused a significant decrease in the motor activity of animals when compared with the control group. The highest dose of CT significantly reduced the remaining time of the animals on the Rota-rod apparatus up to 2 h. Additionally, CT at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/ kg (i.p.) was also capable to promote an increase of latency for development of convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). It was efficient in prevents the tonic convulsions induced by maximal electroshock (MES) in doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, resulting in 30 and 40% of protection, respectively. This compound was also capable to promote an increase of latency for development of convulsions induced by picrotoxin (PIC) at 400 mg/kg. In the same way, the anticonvulsant effect of CT was affected by pretreatment with flumazenil, a selective antagonist of benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptor. These results suggest a possible CNS depressant and anticonvulsant activities

Anti-inflammatory and redox-protective activities of citronellal

The anti-inflammatory and redox protective effects of the citronellal (CT) were evaluated using in vivo and in vitro tests. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of CT (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) inhibited (p < 0.05) the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity. Additionally, the carrageenan- and arachidonic acid-induced rat hind paw edema was significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) by i.p. administration of 100 and 200 mg/kg of the compound. When the redox activity was evaluated, CT (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced hepatic lipoperoxidation (p < 0.001), as well as oxidation of plasmatic (p < 0.05) and hepatic (p < 0.01) proteins. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that CT possesses anti-inflammatory and redox protective activities. It is suggested that its effects are associated with the inhibition of the enzymes in the arachidonic acid pathway, which prevent cell migration by inhibiting leukotriene production, edema formation and the increase of reactive oxygen species in tissues. Therefore, CT is of potential benefit to manage inflammatory disorders and correlated damages caused by oxidant agents

Abarema cochliacarpos extract decreases the inflammatory process and skeletal muscle injury induced by bothrops leucurus venom

Snakebites are a public health problem, especially in tropical countries.However, treatment with antivenomhas limited effectiveness against venoms’ local effects. Here, we investigated the ability of Abarema cochliacarpos hydroethanolic extract (EAc) to protect mice against injection of Bothrops leucurus venom. Swiss mice received perimuscular venom injection and were subsequently treated orally with EAc in different doses. Treatment with EAc 100, 200, and 400mg/kg reduced the edema induced by B. leucurus in 1%, 13%, and 39%, respectively. Although lower doses showed no antihypernociceptive effect in the Von Frey test, the higher dose significantly reduced hyperalgesia induced by the venom. Antimyotoxic activity of EAc was also observed by microscopy assessment, with treated muscles presenting preserved structures, decreased edema, and inflammatory infiltrate as compared to untreated ones. Finally, on the rotarod test, the treated mice showed better motor function, once muscle fibers were preserved and there were less edema and pain. Treated mice could stand four times more time on the rotating rod than untreated ones. Our results have shown that EAc presented relevant activities against injection of B. leucurus venom in mice, suggesting that it can be considered as an adjuvant in the treatment of envenomation

An estimate of the number of tropical tree species

The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher’s alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between ∼40,000 and ∼53,000, i.e. at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of ∼19,000–25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of ∼4,500–6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ