Audio Indexing on the Web: a Preliminary Study of Some Audio Descriptors

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. internationale.International audienceThe "Invisible Web" is composed of documents which can not be currently accessed by Web search engines, because they have a dynamic URL or are not textual, like video or audio documents. For audio documents, one solution is automatic indexing. It consists in finding good descriptors of audio documents which can be used as indexes for archiving and search. This paper presents an overview and recent results of the RAIVES project, a French research project on audio indexing. We present speech/music segmentation, speaker tracking, and keywords detection. We also give a few perspectives of the RAIVES project

Projet RAIVES (Recherche Automatique d'Informations Verbales Et Sonores) vers l'extraction et la structuration de données radiophoniques sur Internet

Rapport de contrat.Internet est devenu un vecteur important de la communication. Il permet la diffusion et l'échange d'un volume croissant de données. Il ne s'agit donc plus seulement de collecter des masses importantes " d'informations électroniques ", mais surtout de les répertorier, de les classer pour faciliter l'accès à l'information utile. Une information, aussi importante soit-elle, sur un site non répertorié, est méconnue. Il ne faut donc pas négliger la part du " Web invisible ". Le Web invisible peut se définir comme l'ensemble des informations non indexées, soit parce qu'elles ne sont pas répertoriées, soit parce que les pages les contenant sont dynamiques, soit encore parce que leur nature n'est pas ou difficilement indexable. En effet, la plupart des moteurs de recherche se basent sur une analyse textuelle du contenu des pages, mais ne peuvent prendre en compte le contenu des documents sonores ou visuels. Il faut donc fournir un ensemble d'éléments descripteurs du contenu pour structurer les documents afin que l'information soit accessible aux moteurs de recherche. S'agissant de documents sonores, le but de notre projet est donc, d'une part, d'extraire ces informations et, d'autre part, de fournir une structuration des documents afin de faciliter l'accès au contenu. L'indexation par le contenu de documents sonores s'appuie sur des techniques utilisées en traitement automatique de la parole, mais doit être distinguée de l'alignement automatique d'un texte sur un flux sonore ou encore de la reconnaissance automatique de la parole. Ce serait alors réduire le contenu d'un document sonore à sa seule composante verbale. Or, la composante non-verbale d'un document sonore est importante et correspond souvent à une structuration particulière du document. Par exemple, dans le cas de documents radiophoniques, on voit l'alternance de parole et de musique, plus particulièrement de jingles, pour annoncer les informations. Ainsi, nous pouvons considérer un ensemble de descripteurs du contenu d'un document radiophonique : segments de Parole/Musique, " sons clés ", langue, changements de locuteurs associés à une éventuelle identification de ces locuteurs, mots clés et thèmes. Cet ensemble peut être bien entendu enrichi. Extraire l'ensemble des descripteurs est sans doute suffisant pour référencer un document sur Internet. Mais il est intéressant d'aller plus loin et de donner accès à des parties précises du document. Chaque descripteur doit être associé à un marqueur temporel qui donne accès directement à l'information. Cependant, l'ensemble des descripteurs appartenant à des niveaux de description différents, leur organisation n'est pas linéaire dans le temps : un même locuteur peut parler en deux langues sur un même segment de parole, ou encore sur un segment de parole dans une langue donnée, plusieurs locuteurs peuvent intervenir. Il faut donc aussi être capable de fournir une structuration de l'information sur différents niveaux de représentation

In vivo imaging of synaptic loss in Alzheimer’s disease with [18F]UCB-H Positron Emission Tomography

IUAP - Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme (IUAP 7/11); ARC - Actions de recherche concertées (ARC 12/17-01); Special Research Funds classical grant 2016 (Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium), FRS-FNR

Resection of the primary tumour versus no resection prior to systemic therapy in patients with colon cancer and synchronous unresectable metastases (UICC stage IV): SYNCHRONOUS - a randomised controlled multicentre trial (ISRCTN30964555)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Currently, it remains unclear, if patients with colon cancer and synchronous unresectable metastases who present without severe symptoms should undergo resection of the primary tumour prior to systemic chemotherapy. Resection of the primary tumour may be associated with significant morbidity and delays the beginning of chemotherapy. However, it may prevent local symptoms and may, moreover, prolong survival as has been demonstrated in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. It is the aim of the present randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of primary tumour resection prior to systemic chemotherapy to prolong survival in patients with newly diagnosed colon cancer who are not amenable to curative therapy.</p> <p>Methods/design</p> <p>The SYNCHRONOUS trial is a multicentre, randomised, controlled, superiority trial with a two-group parallel design. Colon cancer patients with synchronous unresectable metastases are eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria are primary tumour-related symptoms, inability to tolerate surgery and/or systemic chemotherapy and history of another primary cancer. Resection of the primary tumour as well as systemic chemotherapy is provided according to the standards of the participating institution. The primary endpoint is overall survival that is assessed with a minimum follow-up of 36 months. Furthermore, it is the objective of the trial to assess the safety of both treatment strategies as well as quality of life.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The SYNCHRONOUS trial is a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of primary tumour resection before beginning of systemic chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colon cancer not amenable to curative therapy.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p><a href="http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN30964555">ISRCTN30964555</a></p

Express Reg: Aplicativo para subsidiar gestores e equipes de Saúde com informações sobre os atendimentos realizados pelos profissionais do Samu 192 / Express Reg: Application to subsidize managers and Health teams with information about the care provided by professionals at Samu 192

Atualmente os aplicativos móveis estão contribuindo cada vez mais para a construção de uma nova forma de assistência em saúde, no qual as informações referentes à saúde das pessoas se fazem oportunas e onipresentes. O crescimento rápido dos dispositivos móveis tem permitido o desenvolvimento de aplicativos em diversas áreas, especialmente na área da saúde. Diversos estudos apontam que esses aplicativos, incluindo as informações geradas pelos mesmos, podem ser utilizados para otimização dos resultados e redução dos riscos em saúde, bem como, para compreensão dos fatores determinantes que promovem a saúde e/ou que levam à doença. O objetivo deste trabalho é transformar as fichas de Atendimento da Unidade de Suporte Avançado e Unidade de Suporte Básico da forma física para a forma digital utilizando um aplicativo que estará na forma android e IOS para subsidiar gestores e equipes de saúde com informações sobre os atendimentos realizados pelos profissionais do SAMU 192, cuja finalidade é melhorar a comunicação entre os profissionais da área da saúde, como também agilizar o preenchimento de dados no momento do atendimento. Essa ferramenta também pode nos proporcionar o arquivamento de dados de um paciente por tempo indeterminado, sem gerar acúmulo de papéis e facilitando o acesso na busca desses prontuários. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de caráter descritivo, com finalidade tecnológica, gerando um produto para fins práticos na rotina diária dos profissionais do SAMU 192

Ventilatory frequency as a measure of the response of tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) to the odour of potential predators

This study uses changes in ventilatory frequency to quantify the physiological response of an Australian terrestrial herbivore, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), to olfactory cues suggesting the presence of potential predators. Ventilatory frequency proved to be a quantifiable measure to assess the response of this macropod marsupial to olfactory cues. Ventilatory frequency increased from mean resting levels of 45 ± 5.1 breaths min–1 to 137 ± 11.2 breaths min–1 during the first minute of exposure to all odours. These physiological responses diminished over time, with ventilatory frequency in the first minute after introduction of the scents greater than that during the subsequent four, suggesting that the initial reaction was due to disturbance and was investigative in nature. However, the ratio of ventilatory frequency in the remaining 4 min after introduction of the odours compared with before was greater for fox (3.58 ± 0.918) and cat (2.44 ± 0.272) odours than for snake (2.27 ± 0.370), distilled water (1.81 ± 0.463) and quoll (1.71 ± 0.245) odours, suggesting that fox and cat odour provoked a greater response. However, the wallabies’ response to the odour of these introduced predators and to horse odour (2.40 ± 0.492) did not differ. Our study indicates that a long period of co-history with particular predators is not a prerequisite for detection of potentially threatening species. We do not find any support for the hypothesis that an inability to interpret olfactory cues to detect and respond to potential predation by introduced predators is responsible for the decline of these macropod marsupials

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Comparison of Two Speech/Music Segmentation Systems For Audio Indexing on the Web

This article talks about two majors ways of performing a speech/music segmentation task. The first one uses a competing modelling approach based on classical speech recognition parameters (MFCC). The second one uses a class/non-class approach for both main topics: speech/non-speech and music/non-music. In order to fit closely speech and music characteristics, different kinds of parameters are used, MFCC and spectral coefficients. We present both approaches with some intrinsic experiments. Then, we compare their speech/music discrimination accuracy using a real-world testing corpus: a broadcast program containing noisy interviews, superimposed segments (speech with music), and an alternation of broad-band speech and telephone speech. Within the classical approach, we can notice that either the derivative alone, or the second derivative alone, plays a major role in the discrimination process as well as the number of cepstral coefficients. In the differentiated way, the class/non-class approach is more homogeneous

Decreased Synaptic Density in Early Alzheimer’s Disease Assessed with [18F]UCB-H-PET

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