183 research outputs found
Partial survey and critique of Ceylon's marine fisheries, 1953-55
This is a resume of a 1953-1955 study of Ceylon's fishing gears, fisheries and records of experimental and commercial fishing operations. Representative catches of edible fish per unit of effort for several of the gears studied are summarized in the table. They are low compared with many countries, indicating low abundance of fish
Ceylon's beach seine fishery
Setting a net in the water and hauling it up onto the beach manually by its two ends is one of the oldest methods of catching fish and it is still employed in several parts of the world: Ceylon is one of these. Here there are several hundreds of beach seines operated by several thousands of fishermen and they contribute 35-40% of Ceylon's total annual fish catch. This means that beach seining been and still is Ceylon's most important single method of fishing. In recent years the beach seine fishery has encountered difficulties which threaten its existence and the seiners have appealed repeatedly to the Department of Fisheries to undertake remedial action. There have been many and conflicting representations as to what this action should be, and the Department is seeking for a wise course through the confusion. As part of its search it asked its Research Division in April 1953, to undertake a study of the seine fishery to describe it, study the nature of its problems and to present any recommendations that seemed appropriate and consistent with the welfare of the fishing industry as a whole. The following is a report on the preliminary phases of that study
Bycatch and discard survival rate in a small-scale bivalve dredge fishery along the Algarve coast (southern Portugal)
Although the bivalve dredge used on the Algarve coast (southern Portugal) is highly selective for the target species, in some periods of the year the bycatch can exceed the catch of the commercial species. The present study aimed to
quantify the bycatch and discards, estimate damage and mortality, and propose management measures to minimize discards
and mortality. A total of 15 fishing surveys (60 tows) were performed using two types of dredges (âDDredgeâ targeting
Donax trunculus and âSDredgeâ targeting Spisula solida and Chamelea gallina). Of the 85257 individuals (392.4 kg) of 52
taxa that were caught, 73.4% belonged to the target species, 22.1% to commercially undersized target species and 4.5% to
bycatch species. Bycatch rates were lower for SDredge (13.5% in number and 6.3% in weight) than for DDredge (46.0%
in number and 32.9% in weight). Damage and mortality rates were also lower using SDredge (1.3% and 1.0% of the total
catches, respectively) than using DDredge (4.0% and 2.8% of the total catches). Survival experiments revealed the diverse
vulnerability of the taxa and confirmed the influence of the damage score on the mortality rate. The results gathered in the
present study encourage the adoption of a bycatch reduction device to reduce both direct and indirect mortality.This study was performed within the framework of the research project âScience Technology and Society Initiative to Minimize Unwanted Catches in European Fisheries
(MINOUW)â funded by the Research and Innovation Action (RIA) of the EU Horizon 2020 programme.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Marine harmful algal blooms, human health and wellbeing : challenges and opportunities in the 21st century
Author Posting. © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2015. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96 (2016): 61-91, doi:10.1017/S0025315415001733.Microalgal blooms are a natural part of the seasonal cycle of photosynthetic organisms in marine ecosystems. They are key
components of the structure and dynamics of the oceans and thus sustain the benefits that humans obtain from these aquatic
environments. However, some microalgal blooms can cause harm to humans and other organisms. These harmful algal
blooms (HABs) have direct impacts on human health and negative influences on human wellbeing, mainly through their consequences
to coastal ecosystem services (valued fisheries, tourism and recreation) and other marine organisms and environments.
HABs are natural phenomena, but these events can be favoured by anthropogenic pressures in coastal areas. Global
warming and associated changes in the oceans could affect HAB occurrences and toxicity as well, although forecasting the
possible trends is still speculative and requires intensive multidisciplinary research. At the beginning of the 21st century,
with expanding human populations, particularly in coastal and developing countries, there is an urgent need to prevent
and mitigate HABsâ impacts on human health and wellbeing. The available tools to address this global challenge include
maintaining intensive, multidisciplinary and collaborative scientific research, and strengthening the coordination with stakeholders,
policymakers and the general public. Here we provide an overview of different aspects to understand the relevance
of the HABs phenomena, an important element of the intrinsic links between oceans and human health and wellbeing.The research was funded in part by the UK Medical Research
Council (MRC) and UK Natural Environment Research
Council (NERC) for the MEDMI Project; the National
Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research
Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Environmental Change and Health
at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in
partnership with Public Health England (PHE), and in collaboration
with the University of Exeter, University College
London and the Met Office; and the European Regional
Development Fund Programme and European Social Fund
Convergence Programme for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly
(University of Exeter Medical School).
EB was supported by the CTM2014-53818-R project, from
the Spanish Government (MINECO). KDA was in receipt of
funding from the BBSRC-NERC research programme for
multidisciplinary studies in sustainable aquaculture: health,
disease and the environment. P. Hess was supported by
Ifremer (RISALTOX) and the Regional Council of the Pays
de la Loire (COSELMAR). Porter Hoagland was supported
by the US National Science Foundation under NSF/CNH
grant no. 1009106.2016-05-2
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Multinationality, R&D and productivity: evidence from the top R&D investors worldwide
This paper investigates the effects of multinationality on firm productivity, and contributes to the literature in two respects. First, we argue that multinationality affects productivity both directly and indirectly, through higher incentives to invest in R&D. Second, we maintain that the multinational depth and breadth have different direct effects on productivity and R&D. Using data from the top R&D investors in the world, we propose an econometric model with an R&D and a productivity equation that both depend on multinationality. We find: i) multinational depth has a positive effect on productivity, while the effect of multinational breadth is negative; ii) multinationality (along both dimensions) has a positive effect on R&D intensity, translating into an indirect positive effect on productivity; iii) the positive indirect effect is however not large enough to compensate the negative direct effect of multinational breadth
Subsidiary Business Networks and Opportunity Development in Multinational Enterprises: A Comparison of the Influence of Internal and External Business Networks
Changing perspectives on the internationalization of R&D and innovation by multinational enterprises: a review of the literature
Internationalization of R&D and innovation by Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) has undergone a gradual and comprehensive change in perspective over the past 50 years. From sporadic works in the late 1950s and in the 1960s, it became a systematically analysed topic in the 1970s, starting with pioneering reports and âfoundation textsâ. Our review unfolds the theoretical and empirical evolution of the literature from dyadic interpretations of centralization versus decentralization of R&D by MNEs to more comprehensive frameworks, wherein established MNEs from Advanced Economies still play a pivotal role, but new players and places also emerge in the global generation and diffusion of knowledge. Hence views of R&D internationalization increasingly rely on concepts, ideas and methods from IB and other related disciplines such as industrial organization, international economics and economic geography. Two main findings are highlighted. First, scholarly research pays an increasing attention to the network-like characteristics of international R&D activities. Second, different streams of literature have emphasized the role of location- specific factors in R&D internationalization. The increasing emphasis on these aspects has created new research opportunities in some key areas, including inter alia: cross-border knowledge sourcing strategies, changes in the geography of R&D and innovation, and the international fragmentation of production and R&D activities
A synthesis of the ecological processes influencing variation in life history and movement patterns of American eel: towards a global assessment
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Letter to H.B. Stenzel from J.C. Medcof on 1944-12-16
Jackson School of Geoscience
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