Protease-resistant Prion Protein in Lymphoreticular Tumors of Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Mice

We report protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) in spontaneous lymphoreticular tumors of mice infected with the agent of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). PrPres may accumulate in lymphoreticular system tumors of asymptomatic persons with vCJD. The statistical power of estimates of vCJD prevalence might be increased by expanding screening to include samples of lymphoreticular neoplasms

Influence of southern hemispheric biomass burning on midtropospheric distributions of nonmethane hydrocarbons and selected halocarbons over the remote South Pacific

Aircraft measurements of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and halocarbons were made over the remote South Pacific Ocean during late August-early October 1996 for NASA's Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE) Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics A (PEM-Tropics A). This paper discusses the large-scale spatial distributions of selected trace gases encountered during PEM-Tropics A. The PEM-Tropics A observations are compared to measurements made over the southwestern pacific in early November 1995 as part of Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1). Continental pollution in the form of layers containing elevated levels of O3 was observed during a majority of PEM-Tropics flights, as well as during several ACE 1 flights. The chemical composition of these air masses indicates that they were not fresh and were derived from nonurban combustion sources. The substantial impact of biomass burning on the vertical structure of the South Pacific troposphere is discussed. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union

Physical therapies for reducing and controlling lymphoedema of the limbs.

Background Lymphoedema is the accumulation of excess fluid in the body caused by obstruction of the lymphatic drainage mechanisms. Management involves decongesting the reduced lymphatic pathways in order to reduce the size of the limb. There is a great deal of debate as to which components of a physical treatment programme are the most crucial. Objectives To assess the effect of physical treatment programmes on: volume, shape, condition and long-term control of oedema in lymphoedematous limbs; psycho-social benefits. Search strategy We searched the Cochrane Breast Cancer Group trials register (October 2007), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2008), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the National Research Register (February 2008) and UnCover, PASCAL, SIGLE, reference lists produced by The British Lymphology Society and The International Society of Lymphology congress proceedings (September 2003). Selection criteria Randomised controlled clinical trials that tested physical therapies with a follow-up period of at least six months. Data collection and analysis Two blinded reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data . Meta-analysis was not performed due to the poor quality of the trials. Main results Only three studies involving 150 randomised patients were included. Since none studied the same intervention it was not possible to combine the data. One crossover study of manual lymph drainage (MLD) followed by self-administered massage versus no treatment, concluded that improvements seen in both groups were attributable to the use of compression sleeves and that MLD provided no extra benefit at any point during the trial. Another trial looked at hosiery versus no treatment and had a very high dropout rate, with only 3 out of 14 participants in the intervention group finishing the trial and only 1 out of 11 in the control group. The authors concluded that wearing a compression sleeve is beneficial. The bandage plus hosiery versus hosiery alone trial, concluded that in this mixed group of participants bandage plus hosiery resulted in a greater reduction in excess limb volume than hosiery alone and this difference in reduction was maintained long-term. Authors' conclusions All three trials have their limitations and have yet to be replicated, so their results must be viewed with caution. There is a clear need for well-designed, randomised trials of the whole range of physical therapies if the best approach to managing lymphoedema is to be determined

Design of an affordable electric snowmobile -Done Right

ABSTRACT The University of Alaska Fairbanks Nanook EV team's latest electric snowmobile has a 51.5 km (32 mi) range at 32 km/h (20 mi/h) under optimal snow conditions. Building on the 2011 competition success (winning Best Design with a Ski-Doo Tundra 300F), we started this project with a much improved chassis: a Ski-Doo Renegade Sport 550

On reminder effects, drop-outs and dominance: evidence from an online experiment on charitable giving

We present the results of an experiment that (a) shows the usefulness of screening out drop-outs and (b) tests whether different methods of payment and reminder intervals affect charitable giving. Following a lab session, participants could make online donations to charity for a total duration of three months. Our procedure justifying the exclusion of drop-outs consists in requiring participants to collect payments in person flexibly and as known in advance and as highlighted to them later. Our interpretation is that participants who failed to collect their positive payments under these circumstances are likely not to satisfy dominance. If we restrict the sample to subjects who did not drop out, but not otherwise, reminders significantly increase the overall amount of charitable giving. We also find that weekly reminders are no more effective than monthly reminders in increasing charitable giving, and that, in our three months duration experiment, standing orders do not increase giving relative to one-off donations

Stakeholder views regarding ethical issues in the design and conduct of pragmatic trials : study protocol

This work is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research through the Project Grant competition (competitive, peer reviewed), award number PJT-153045. Jeremy Grimshaw holds a Canada Research Chair in Health Knowledge Transfer and Uptake and a CIHR Foundation Grant (FDN-143269). Charles Weijer holds a Canada Research Chair in Bioethics. Joanne McKenzie is supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Fellowship (1143429). Vipul Jairath hold a personal Endowed Chair at Western University (John and Susan McDonald Endowed Chair). Marion Campbell is based with the Health Services Research Unit which is core-funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates. Ian Graham is a CIHR Foundation Grant recipient (FDN# 143237).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A New Third Place in Harford County

Final project for PLCY688T: Topics in Public Policy; Team-Based Policy Lab (Spring 2019). University of Maryland, College ParkDefining a Third Place: Communities spend the majority of their waking hours at home, a “first place,” and at work or school, a “second place.” When it comes to social interaction outside of a work setting, individuals can feel unsure or unwilling to explore their community. Whether this trepidation is caused by a lack of communal meeting places or a feeling of unwelcomeness in established communal locations, the creation of a well-built Third Place can provide an outlet for these individuals. Third Places, as described by urban sociologist Ray Oldenburg, are defined as locations of refuge other than the home or workplace for people to visit and meet with friends, neighbors, or strangers. 1 A well-structured Third Place supports opportunities for socialization and creates a sense of attachment.2 Third Places are wide-ranging in design, with researched examples including parks, public libraries, churches, main streets, and shopping establishments. An important aspect of the third place is the inclusion of a permanent structure to provide a sense of place for the community.3 Third Places not only encourage community engagement but can be used to increase educational opportunities for healthy living. By using the Third Place model, governments can bring health information to the locations where residents wish to reside. The way these Third Places are built can also shape a community of like-minded individuals around a common healthful goal. Third Places Concepts for Harford County: To best incorporate third places into Harford County, this report makes proposals for a site in Joppatowne, Maryland. This site is ideal for the development of a Third Place location due to its proximity to a nearby community in need of such a place and an adjacent established third place, a church. This report is separated into potential uses of the Joppatowne site. The report proposes four potential Third Place ideas and one proposal to connect the site to the existing community. The proposals for the site itself are the construction of a gazebo, the launching of a community garden, the construction of an interactive playground, and the commissioning of community art projects on the site. To connect the site with the surrounding community, this report examines bike lanes, using the county’s bike lane study, to best provide healthy ways to travel to the site. Finally, in Appendices A and B, this report provides a budget estimation for these projects and a survey to gauge public interest in the proposed site plans.Harford Count

Composition of human islet cell preparations for transplantation

To study the cellular composition of human islet cell isolates for transplantation, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded cell pellets were stained by the immunoperoxidase method with a panel of antibodies characterising endocrine, epithelial, soft tissue and haematolymphoid components. Immediately after separation, the isolates contained 30-80% islet cells, differing mainly in the content of islet and acinar cells, whereas the soft tissue, ductal/ductular and haematolymphoid elements comprised a relatively constant 10-20%. After 1 week in culture the islet cell content of less highly purified isolates (30-40% islets) dropped dramatically to 5%. The highly purified isolates (70-80% islets) showed only a minimal change in cellular composition; however, approximately two-thirds of islet cells were degranulated and did not stain for insulin. Haematolymphoid components were still present in all cultured isolates. We conclude that primarily mechanical purification methods and short-term culture are not sufficient to eliminate highly immunogenic cells. In addition, short-term culture is deleterious to the isolate if a significant number of acinar cells is still present after enrichment. © 1992 Springer-Verlag

The Costs of Fall‐Related Injuries among Older Adults: Annual Per‐Faller, Service Component, and Patient Out‐of‐Pocket Costs

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138392/1/hesr12554_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138392/2/hesr12554.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138392/3/hesr12554-sup-0001-Author.pd

Sulfide melts and long-term low seismic wavespeeds in lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle

Some studies of lithospheric and asthenospheric seismic structure, report mantle velocities as low as ∼4% below the reference models used. While these low wavespeeds may be attributed to thermal effects in tectonically young or actively volcanic regions, in older, tectonically stable regions low velocity anomalies apparently persist even past the decay time of any thermal perturbation, rendering such a mechanism implausible. Low volume melts can also reduce wavespeeds, but their buoyancy should drain them upward away from source regions, preventing significant accumulation if they are able to segregate. Sulfide, ubiquitous as inclusions in lithospheric mantle xenoliths, forms dense, non-segregating melts at temperatures and volatile fugacities characteristic of even old lithospheric mantle. We show that 1–5 volume percent sulfide melts can act to permanently create reductions up to 5.5% in seismic wavespeeds in areas of the lithosphere and the asthenosphere disturbed by prior melting events that carry and concentrate sulfide