Pourquoi adhère-t-on à l'Association des Professeurs de Sciences Économiques et Sociales de nos jours ?

Nous avons voulu travailler sur la perception de l’APSES par le corps enseignant des Sciences Économiques et Sociales. Notre but était alors de montrer pourquoi adhère-t-on aujourd’hui à l’APSES ? Ces raisons sont-elles les mêmes qu’auparavant pour les anciens membres ? Cette association a-t-elle toujours une influence cruciale sur la vie de la discipline aux yeux de ces professeurs ? L’APSES est-elle un simple groupe d’intérêt comme les autres ou revêt-elle un rôle plus large, plus important et s’approche-t-elle de l’action syndicale ? Dans le corps professoral de SES, perçoit-on l’APSES comme une simple association ?Pour traiter ce sujet, nous avons décidé de nous appuyer sur un entretien semi-directif réalisé auprès de professeurs de SES membres et non membres de l’académie de Toulouse

Convergent validity of the new form of the DES

p. 101-103The line and circle farms of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES I and DES II) were administered to 65 subjects in the general population, 87 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder, and 26 subjects with a diagnosis of chemical dependency. In all three samples the DES II showed excellent validity when compared to the original line form of the DES

Diagnosis of Methionine/Valine Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease by Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification

A patient with a heterozygous variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) with a methionine/valine genotype at codon 129 of the prion protein gene was recently reported. Using an ultrasensitive and specific protein misfolding cyclic amplification–based assay for detecting variant CJD prions in cerebrospinal fluid, we discriminated this heterozygous case of variant CJD from cases of sporadic CJD

Detection of prions in the plasma of presymptomatic and symptomatic patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is a human prion disease resulting from the consumption of meat products contaminated by the agent causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Evidence supporting the presence of a population of silent carriers that can potentially transmit the disease through blood transfusion is increasing. The development of a blood-screening assay for both symptomatic vCJD patients and asymptomatic carriers is urgently required. We show that a diagnostic assay combining plasminogen-bead capture and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) technologies consistently detected minute amounts of abnormal prion protein from French and British vCJD cases in the required femtomolar range. This assay allowed the blinded identification of 18 patients with clinical vCJD among 256 plasma samples from the two most affected countries, with 100% sensitivity [95% confidence interval (CI), 81.5 to 100%], 99.2% analytical specificity (95% CI, 95.9 to 100%), and 100% diagnostic specificity (95% CI, 96.5 to 100%). This assay also allowed the detection of silent carriage of prions 1.3 and 2.6 years before the clinical onset in two blood donors who later developed vCJD. These data provide a key step toward the validation of this PMCA technology as a blood-based diagnostic test for vCJD and support its potential for detecting presymptomatic patients, a prerequisite for limiting the risk of vCJD transmission through blood transfusion

Biochemical Characterization of APPL Endosomes: The Role of Annexin A2 in APPL Membrane Recruitment

APPL endosomes are a recently identified subpopulation of early endosomes characterized by the presence of two homologous Rab5 effector proteins APPL1 and APPL2. They exhibit only limited colocalization with EEA1, another Rab5 effector and a marker of the canonical early endosomes. Although APPL endosomes appear to play important roles in cargo trafficking and signal transduction, their protein composition and biochemical properties remain largely unknown. Here we employed membrane fractionation methods to characterize APPL endosomes biochemically. We demonstrate that they represent heterogeneous membrane structures which can be discriminated from the canonical EEA1-positive early endosomes by their partly different physical properties and a distinct migration pattern in the continuous density gradients. In search for other potential markers of APPL endosomes we identified Annexin A2 as an interacting partner of both APPL1 and APPL2. Annexin A2 is a Ca2+ and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding protein, previously implicated in several endocytic steps. We show that Annexin A2 co-fractionates and colocalizes with APPL endosomes. Moreover, silencing of its expression causes solubilization of APPL2 from endosomes. Although Annexin A2 is not an exclusive marker of APPL endosomes, our data suggest that it has an important function in membrane recruitment of APPL proteins, acting in parallel to Rab5

A role for oxysterol-binding protein–related protein 5 in endosomal cholesterol trafficking

ORP5 works together with Niemann Pick C-1 to facilitate exit of cholesterol from endosomes and lysosomes

Hrs and SNX3 Functions in Sorting and Membrane Invagination within Multivesicular Bodies

After internalization, ubiquitinated signaling receptors are delivered to early endosomes. There, they are sorted and incorporated into the intralumenal invaginations of nascent multivesicular bodies, which function as transport intermediates to late endosomes. Receptor sorting is achieved by Hrs—an adaptor-like protein that binds membrane PtdIns3P via a FYVE motif—and then by ESCRT complexes, which presumably also mediate the invagination process. Eventually, intralumenal vesicles are delivered to lysosomes, leading to the notion that EGF receptor sorting into multivesicular bodies mediates lysosomal targeting. Here, we report that Hrs is essential for lysosomal targeting but dispensable for multivesicular body biogenesis and transport to late endosomes. By contrast, we find that the PtdIns3P-binding protein SNX3 is required for multivesicular body formation, but not for EGF receptor degradation. PtdIns3P thus controls the complementary functions of Hrs and SNX3 in sorting and multivesicular body biogenesis

A Mouse Stromal Response to Tumor Invasion Predicts Prostate and Breast Cancer Patient Survival

Primary and metastatic tumor growth induces host tissue responses that are believed to support tumor progression. Understanding the molecular changes within the tumor microenvironment during tumor progression may therefore be relevant not only for discovering potential therapeutic targets, but also for identifying putative molecular signatures that may improve tumor classification and predict clinical outcome. To selectively address stromal gene expression changes during cancer progression, we performed cDNA microarray analysis of laser-microdissected stromal cells derived from prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and invasive cancer in a multistage model of prostate carcinogenesis. Human orthologs of genes identified in the stromal reaction to tumor progression in this mouse model were observed to be expressed in several human cancers, and to cluster prostate and breast cancer patients into groups with statistically different clinical outcomes. Univariate Cox analysis showed that overexpression of these genes is associated with shorter survival and recurrence-free periods. Taken together, our observations provide evidence that the expression signature of the stromal response to tumor invasion in a mouse tumor model can be used to probe human cancer, and to provide a powerful prognostic indicator for some of the most frequent human malignancies

Late Endosomal Cholesterol Accumulation Leads to Impaired Intra-Endosomal Trafficking

Background Pathological accumulation of cholesterol in late endosomes is observed in lysosomal storage diseases such as Niemann-Pick type C. We here analyzed the effects of cholesterol accumulation in NPC cells, or as phenocopied by the drug U18666A, on late endosomes membrane organization and dynamics. Methodology/Principal Findings Cholesterol accumulation did not lead to an increase in the raft to non-raft membrane ratio as anticipated. Strikingly, we observed a 2–3 fold increase in the size of the compartment. Most importantly, properties and dynamics of late endosomal intralumenal vesicles were altered as revealed by reduced late endosomal vacuolation induced by the mutant pore-forming toxin ASSP, reduced intoxication by the anthrax lethal toxin and inhibition of infection by the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. Conclusions/Significance These results suggest that back fusion of intralumenal vesicles with the limiting membrane of late endosomes is dramatically perturbed upon cholesterol accumulation

O trabalho do profissional enfermeiro em centro de material durante a pandemia da Covid-19 – um relato de experiência

The Material and Sterilization Center (MEC) plays an essential role in hospital environments. Nurses are the professionals appointed to manage the CME, and they act indirectly in the provision of care. This is a descriptive study, an experience report, describing the routine experienced by a professional nurse, coordinator of a Material and Sterilization Center (CME) in a Maternity Hospital in a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. There were no significant changes to the flow of materials, which came from the hospital's other units. This study also provided an enriching experience for knowledge about the role of nurses in CME during the COVID-19 pandemic.O Centro de Material e Esterilização (CME) possui papel essencial dentro dos ambientes Hospitalares. O enfermeiro é o profissional indicado para realizar a gerência do CME o qual realiza sua atuação de forma indireta na prestação dos cuidados. Estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, que descreve a rotina vivenciada por uma Profissional Enfermeira, Coordenadora de um Centro de Material e Esterilização (CME) em um Hospital Maternidade do Município do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Com relação ao fluxo de materiais não houve mudanças significativas, os materiais advindos das demais unidades do Hospital. Este estudo proporcionou uma experiência enriquecedora para o conhecimento sobre atuação do enfermeiro em CME durante a Pandemia da COVID-19