Asynchronous Circuit Stacking for Simplified Power Management

As digital integrated circuits (ICs) continue to increase in complexity, new challenges arise for designers. Complex ICs are often designed by incorporating multiple power domains therefore requiring multiple voltage converters to produce the corresponding supply voltages. These converters not only take substantial on-chip layout area and/or off-chip space, but also aggregate the power loss during the voltage conversions that must occur fast enough to maintain the necessary power supplies. This dissertation work presents an asynchronous Multi-Threshold NULL Convention Logic (MTNCL) “stacked” circuit architecture that alleviates this problem by reducing the number of voltage converters needed to supply the voltage the ICs operate at. By stacking multiple MTNCL circuits between power and ground, supplying a multiple of VDD to the entire stack and incorporating simple control mechanisms, the dynamic range fluctuation problem can be mitigated. A 130nm Bulk CMOS process and a 32nm Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) CMOS process are used to evaluate the theoretical effect of stacking different circuitry while running different workloads. Post parasitic physical implementations are then carried out in the 32nm SOI process for demonstrating the feasibility and analyzing the advantages of the proposed MTNCL stacking architecture

Elliptic recurrence representation of the N=1 superconformal blocks in the Ramond sector

The structure of the 4-point N=1 super-conformal blocks in the Ramond sector is analyzed. The elliptic recursion relations for these blocks are derived.Comment: 21 pages, no figures. An error in the description of the R-NS block of the Ramond field and all its consequences correcte

External Stability, Real Exchange Rate Adjustment and the Exchange Rate Regime in Emerging-Market Economies

In emerging-market economies, real exchange rate adjustment is critical for maintaining a sustainable current account position and thereby for helping to reduce macroeconomic and financial instability. The authors examine empirically two related hypotheses: (i) that real exchange rate flexibility and adjustment promotes external stability, and (ii) that a flexible nominal exchange rate facilitates real exchange rate adjustment. Based on an event-study analysis for a large set of emerging-market economies over the period 1975–2008, the authors find that real exchange rate adjustment has contributed significantly to reducing current account imbalances. The adjustment of current account deficits in countries with a fixed exchange rate regime does not typically occur through the classical adjustment mechanism, but as a consequence of exchange rate crises, where the nominal exchange rate collapses and there are substantial costs in terms of forgone output. Vector-error-correction results support the findings of the event study; namely, in the long run the real exchange rate movements facilitate current account adjustment.Development economics; Exchange rate regimes; International topics

Russian studies = cultural studies : Russian studies at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow (1990-2017)

The subject of the article is the history of the development of Russian cultural studies (RCS) in Krakow, initiated at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. The collective achievement created by scientists with mainly philological backgrounds over the years have been enriched and expanded by content from other scientific disciplines. This ultimately formed a multidisciplinary face of RCS. In the article, the most important figures and publications are mentioned that contributed to building a significant curriculum of Russian cultural studies in Krakow. The specificity of the curriculum, its multidimensionality and humanistic-social approach make it a rich reservoir of knowledge which helps one to understand culture in its Russian form

The Hidden Web, XML and Semantic Web: A Scientific Data Management Perspective

The World Wide Web no longer consists just of HTML pages. Our work sheds light on a number of trends on the Internet that go beyond simple Web pages. The hidden Web provides a wealth of data in semi-structured form, accessible through Web forms and Web services. These services, as well as numerous other applications on the Web, commonly use XML, the eXtensible Markup Language. XML has become the lingua franca of the Internet that allows customized markups to be defined for specific domains. On top of XML, the Semantic Web grows as a common structured data source. In this work, we first explain each of these developments in detail. Using real-world examples from scientific domains of great interest today, we then demonstrate how these new developments can assist the managing, harvesting, and organization of data on the Web. On the way, we also illustrate the current research avenues in these domains. We believe that this effort would help bridge multiple database tracks, thereby attracting researchers with a view to extend database technology.Comment: EDBT - Tutorial (2011

A Cast of White Crabs

N/

Control of seagrass communities and sediment distribution by Callianassa (Crustacea, Thalassinidea) bioturbation

Shallow tropical lagoons at St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands were found to have high densities of the ghost shrimp Callianassa spp. The ecology of four species of Callianassa is discussed: C. acanthochirus, C. longiventris, C. rathbunae and C. quadracuta. The first two species capture and store in their burrows drifting detritus of seagrass and algae. The latter two species build volcano-shaped mounds of ejected sediment during feeding and burrowing. Massive quantities of sediment (up to 2.59 kg/m2/day) are funneled into subsurface galleries, gleaned for organic material and sorted. Fine grains (\u3c 1.4 mm diam.) are then pumped back up to the surface forming mounds. Coarse-grained material (≥ 1.4 mm) such as shell debris and coral fragments are not pumped back to the surface, but are stored in many deep chambers which extend \u3e 1.5 m below the sediment surface. In cross-section, cores from high Callianassa mound density regions show distinct alternating coarse and fine layers. This sedimentological evidence could be used as an indicator of Callianassa activity when interpreting the geological record from ancient tropical lagoonal environments.Maximum seagrass productivity and percent cover are negatively correlated (significant to p \u3c .01) with Callianassa mound density. Experimental and control transplants of the turtle grass Thalassia testudinum into regions of high (16/m2) and low (1/m2) Callianassa mound density produced a dramatic deterioration of Thalassia within 2-4 months in high density Callianassa areas. Ejected sediment either reduces available light for photosynthesis or physically smothers Thalassia, thereby eliminating it from regions of abundant Callianassa. Because seagrass communities have such intimate energetic ties to other nearby shallow-water and deep-sea communities, the negative influence of Callianassa on seagrass beds is suspected to have second and third order effects on other tropical communities as well

A Convergent Demand Revealing Process

Presented is a decentralized tâtonnement public good allocation process that converges to an efficient allocation in a wide class of two good neoclassical economies when consumers are permitted to be non-competitive utility maximizers. The process is a demand revealing mechanism generalized to include an enforcement rule administered by the government which defines a response function, making the government a dynamically active participant• in the allocation process. This generalization greatly improves upon the basic mechanism which has been considered extensively in the literature, and under which the government functions as a passive public good procurement agent when the model is formulated dynamically, solely processing information received from consumers and then implementing the implied demands. Inclusion of an enforcement rule permits the government to impose an intertemporal consistency requirement on the communications of individual consumers. It is shown that •there is an enforcement rule so that a strategy equilibrium is always attained asymptotically and so that the equilibrium allocation is efficient; in equilibrium, there is no waste, no bankruptcy and consumers communicate local truth