Remittances and the Prevalence of Working Poor

This paper focuses on the relationships between remittances and the share of individuals working for less than 2$ US per day. It is based on an original panel dataset containing information related to remittances in about 80 developing countries and to the number of workers being paid less than 2 dollars per day as well. Even after factoring in the endogeneity of remittance inflows the results suggest that remittances lead to a decrease in the prevalence of working poor in receiving economies. This effect is stronger in a context of high macroeconomic volatility but is mitigated by the unpredictability of remittances: remittances are more effective to decreasing the share of working poor when they are easily predictable. Moreover, domestic finance and remittances appear as substitutes: remittances are less efficient in reducing the prevalence of working poor whenever finance is available.Working poor, Remittances, shocks, Financial Development

Remittances and the Prevalence of Working Poor

This paper focuses on the relationships between remittances and the share of individuals working for less than 2$ US per day. It is based on an original panel dataset containing information related to remittances in about 80 developing countries and to the number of workers being paid less than 2 dollars per day as well. Even after factoring in the endogeneity of remittance inflows the results suggest that remittances lead to a decrease in the prevalence of working poor in receiving economies. This effect is stronger in a context of high macroeconomic volatility but is mitigated by the unpredictability of remittances: remittances are more effective to decreasing the share of working poor when they are easily predictable. Moreover, domestic finance and remittances appear as substitutes: remittances are less efficient in reducing the prevalence of working poor whenever finance is available.Working poor;Remittances;shocks;Financial Development

The effect of remittances prior to an election

This paper focuses on the relationships between remittances, elections, and government consumption as a percentage of GDP. We combine data from the National Elections across Democracy and Autocracy (NELDA) dataset compiled and discussed in Hyde and Marinov (2012) and the World Development Indicators dataset. We focus on 70 young democracies in the developing world. The period under investigation is 1990-2010. The main objective of the paper is to assess whether remittances have an influence on the political manipulation, which may occur prior to an election, through in increase in the government consumption-to-GDP-ratio. It appears that remittances dampen the political business cycle (PBC). Furthermore, the PBC is reduced up to the point where it is fully cancelled out at a remittance threshold of 10.7 percent of GDP. Those findings are robust to different econometric strategies and robustness checks

Remittances and the prevalence of working poor

URL des Documents de travail : https://centredeconomiesorbonne.univ-paris1.fr/documents-de-travail-du-ces/Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2011.21 - ISSN : 1955-611XThis paper focuses on the relationships between remittances and the share of individuals working for less than 2$ US per day. It is based on an original panel dataset containing information related to remittances in about 80 developing countries and to the number of workers being paid less than 2 dollars per day as well. Even after factoring in the endogeneity of remittance inflows the results suggest that remittances lead to a decrease in the prevalence of working poor in receiving economies. This effect is stronger in a contex of high macroeconomic volatility but is mitigated by the unpredictability of remittances : remittances are more effective to decreasing the share of working poor when they are easily predictable. Moreover, domestic finance and remittances appear as substitutes : remittances are less efficient in reducing the prevalence of working poor whenever finance is available.Cet article porte sur la relation entre transferts de fonds et part des individus travaillant pour moins de deux dollars par jour. Il utilise une base de données originale contenant des informations sur les transferts de fonds dans 80 pays en développement ainsi que sur le nombre de travailleurs pauvres. Les résultats montrent que les transferts de fonds réduisent le nombre de travailleurs pauvres, contrôle fait de l'endogénéité. L'impact est plus prononcé en présence de volatilité macroéconomique et lorsque les montants des transferts sont mieux anticipés. Par ailleurs, l'accès au crédit et les transferts sont substituables, autrement dit l'efficacité des transferts dans la réduction de la pauvreté est moindre lorsque les marchés financiers sont plus développés

Creep stability of the proposed AIDA mission target 65803 Didymos: I. Discrete cohesionless granular physics model

As the target of the proposed Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment (AIDA) mission, the near-Earth binary asteroid 65803 Didymos represents a special class of binary asteroids, those whose primaries are at risk of rotational disruption. To gain a better understanding of these binary systems and to support the AIDA mission, this paper investigates the creep stability of the Didymos primary by representing it as a cohesionless self-gravitating granular aggregate subject to rotational acceleration. To achieve this goal, a soft-sphere discrete element model (SSDEM) capable of simulating granular systems in quasi-static states is implemented and a quasi-static spin-up procedure is carried out. We devise three critical spin limits for the simulated aggregates to indicate their critical states triggered by reshaping and surface shedding, internal structural deformation, and shear failure, respectively. The failure condition and mode, and shear strength of an aggregate can all be inferred from the three critical spin limits. The effects of arrangement and size distribution of constituent particles, bulk density, spin-up path, and interparticle friction are numerically explored. The results show that the shear strength of a spinning self-gravitating aggregate depends strongly on both its internal configuration and material parameters, while its failure mode and mechanism are mainly affected by its internal configuration. Additionally, this study provides some constraints on the possible physical properties of the Didymos primary based on observational data and proposes a plausible formation mechanism for this binary system. With a bulk density consistent with observational uncertainty and close to the maximum density allowed for the asteroid, the Didymos primary in certain configurations can remain geo-statically stable without including cohesion.Comment: 66 pages, 24 figures, submitted to Icarus on 25/Aug/201

Adaptive preconditioning in neurological diseases -­ therapeutic insights from proteostatic perturbations

International audienceIn neurological disorders, both acute and chronic neural stress can disrupt cellular proteostasis, resulting in the generation of pathological protein. However in most cases, neurons adapt to these proteostatic perturbations by activating a range of cellular protective and repair responses, thus maintaining cell function. These interconnected adaptive mechanisms comprise a 'proteostasis network' and include the unfolded protein response, the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy. Interestingly, several recent studies have shown that these adaptive responses can be stimulated by preconditioning treatments, which confer resistance to a subsequent toxic challenge - the phenomenon known as hormesis. In this review we discuss the impact of adaptive stress responses stimulated in diverse human neuropathologies including Parkinson´s disease, Wolfram syndrome, brain ischemia, and brain cancer. Further, we examine how these responses - and the molecular pathways they recruit - might be exploited for therapeutic gai

Un cadre quantitatif pour la ludique

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Designing a new two-dimensional molecular layout by hydrogen bonding

Claudine Katan ‘s present address : CNRS UMR6082 FOTON, INSA de Rennes, 20 avenue des Buttes de Coësmes, CS 70839, 35708 RENNES cedex 7, FranceInternational audienceDesigning a New Two-Dimensional Molecular Layout by Hydrogen Bondin

Bernanos et Cohen (deux écritures du commencement)

La recherche s'origine dans l'intuition de la pertinence d'une rencontre imaginaire entre Georges Bernanos et Albert Cohen autour de la mise en écriture de la ferveur que suscite chez les sujets qu'ils créent l'idée de commencement. La confrontation des deux écrivains s'organise autour de celle de leurs écritures romanesques. Une première partie met en évidence les rapports de chacun des deux auteurs à la notion de commencement et montre, par l'examen des commencements du récit (seuils, incipit, faits de découpage, entrée des personnages, faits de temporalité) puis celui de la topique des commencements que les deux écrivains se retrouvent dans l'écriture d'une véritable effusion inchoative. Dans une deuxième partie, le commencement est appréhendé en tant qu'objet d'écriture à part entière. La troisième partie, procédant d'une série de constats qui nous font passer de l'inchoatif au téléologique, cherche à vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle les écritures romanesques de Léonard Cohen et de Bernanos seraient informées par une "quête du commencement" et interroge les significations de cette paradoxale quête.The origin of the research is to be found in the intuition of te relevance of an imaginary entcounter between Georges bernanos and Albert Cohen concerning th implementation in writing of the fervour that the idea of beginning generates in the characters they create. The confrontation of the two writers is organized around the confrontation of their novelistic writings. A first part enhances the relations that both authors have concerning the notion of beginnings and shows, through the study of the beginnings of the story (threshold, incipit, time-slicing, characters entrance, facts of temporality) then through the study of the topic of the beginnings, that both writers meet in the writing of a real inchoating effusion. In a second part, the beginning is apprehended as an object of writing fully-fledged. the third part, proceding from a series of reviews that lead us fromthe inchoating to the teological facts, tries to confirm the assumption according which the novelistic writings of Cohen and bernanos world be informed by a quest of the beginning and questions the meanings of the pardoxical quest.TOURS-BU Lettres (372612102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le haras national du Pin. Versailles du cheval

International audienceBaptisé le « Versailles du cheval » par l’écrivain Jean de la Varende, le Haras National du Pin demeure le symbole équestre de la volonté royale de Louis XIV. Première véritable architecture équestre édifiée au siècle des Lumières, le domaine s’inscrit dans un écrin de verdure de plus de 1000 hectares.Aujourd’hui, le Haras National du Pin est un monument historique mais aussi une entreprise publique au service de l’élevage du cheval où savoir-faire (sellerie, maréchalerie..) et nouvelles technologies (techniques modernes de reproduction) conjuguent tradition et modernité