Fiabilité des assemblages sans plomb en environnement sévère

Le mémoire porte sur l étude de la fiabilité des assemblages utilisant des alliages de brasure sans-plomb en environnement sévère pour des applications électroniques. Une méthode de préparation métallographique fiable et reproductible en vue de l analyse microstructurale est présentée. L'effet du vieillissement thermique statique sur l évolution microstructurale de billes de brasure en SAC, la tenue à la fatigue mécanique des assemblages brasés et l'étude de l'endommagement thermomécanique sont développés. Le seul effet notable constaté après vieillissement thermique est l'augmentation des épaisseurs des intermétalliques de contact. A la suite de sollicitations mécaniques, les ruptures sont plus souvent observées dans les pistes que dans les brasures, et ne permettent pas d'incriminer des éléments de la microstructure brasée comme facteurs déterminant de propagation des fissures. Les sollicitations thermomécaniques conduisent à une recristallisation, et les fissures se propagent alors le long des joints de grains recristallisés.The thesis focuses on the study of the reliability of assemblies using Pb-free alloys under' harsh environment for electronic applications. A method for preparing metallographic reliable and reproducible for the microstructural analysis is presented. The effect of thermal aging on the static microstructural evolution of solder balls in SAC, the resistance to mechanical fatigue of solder joints and the study of thermomechanical damage are developed. The only significant effect observed after thermal aging is the increase in thickness of the intermetallic contact. Following mechanical, ruptures are most often seen in the copper tracks of the assembly, and do not blame the solder microstructure elements as determinants of crack propagation. The thermomechanical stresses lead to recrystallization, and then cracks propagate along the grain boundaries of recrystallized.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocSudocFranceF

The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (ChEESE): Implementation, results, and roadmap for the second phase

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Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Stratégies de ciblage spécifique de la tumeur fondées sur les caractéristiques des antigènes tumoraux et du microenvironnement tumoral

L’immunothérapie à base d’anticorps monoclonaux (AcM) connaît un plein essor en cancérologie. En 2020, plus de 40% des anticorps approuvés par la FDA (Food and Drug Administration) (34 sur 84 anticorps, selon The Antibody Society) ont une indication pour les thérapies anti-cancéreuses. Contrairement à la chimiothérapie standard, ils démontrent un bien meilleur profil de tolérance pour les patients. Malgré cela, des effets indésirables néfastes peuvent survenir en raison du ciblage de l’antigène qui est également exprimé au niveau des tissus sains. C’est pourquoi des stratégies émergentes visent à optimiser le format des anticorps et à tenir compte des particularités du microenvironnement tumoral pour conférer une action encore plus spécifique de l’anticorps au niveau tumoral

Fc-engineered monoclonal antibodies to reduce off-target liver uptake

Abstract Background Radiolabeled-antibodies usually display non-specific liver accumulation that may impair image analysis and antibody biodistribution. Here, we investigated whether Fc silencing influenced antibody biodistribution. We compared recombinant 89Zr-labeled antibodies (human IgG1 against different targets) with wild-type Fc and with mutated Fc (LALAPG triple mutation to prevent binding to Fc gamma receptors; FcγR). After antibody injection in mice harboring xenografts of different tumor cell lines or of immortalized human myoblasts, we analyzed antibody biodistribution by PET-CT and conventional biodistribution analysis. Results Accumulation in liver was strongly reduced and tumor-specific targeting was increased for the antibodies with mutated Fc compared with wild-type Fc. Conclusion Antibodies with reduced binding to FcγR display lower liver accumulation and better tumor-to-liver ratios. These findings need to be taken into account to improve antibody-based theragnostic approaches

Distributed run-time WCET controller for concurrent critical tasks in mixed-critical systems

International audienceWhen integrating mixed critical systems on a multi/many-core, one challenge is to ensure predictability for high criticality tasks and an increased utilization for low criticality tasks. In this paper, we address this problem when several high criticality tasks with different deadlines, periods and offsets are concurrently executed on the system. We propose a distributed run-time WCET controller that works as follows: (1) locally, each critical task regularly checks if the interferences due to the low criticality tasks can be tolerated, otherwise it decides their suspension; (2) globally, a master suspends and restarts the low criticality tasks based on the received requests from the critical tasks. Our approach has been implemented as a software controller on a real multi-core COTS system with significant gains

Additional file 1 of Fc-engineered monoclonal antibodies to reduce off-target liver uptake

Additional file 1. Figure S1: Example of mass-analysis of mAbs conjugated with DFO. Analysis of the immunoconjugate was performed by Maldi-tof (Rapiflex, Bruker) to determine the number of DFO conjugated to mAbs. Peaks of the entire antibody are indicated by an arrow. Figure S2: Binding of D4a WT Fc and D4a LALAPG Fc after DFO conjugation on cancer cells by flow cytometry. Anti-AXL antibody D4a with WT Fc and with LALAPG mutations were used at 5 μg/ml to stain AXL positive cell line for 1h at 4°c in PBS-BSA buffer. After 3 wash, a secondary fluorescent labeled anti-hFc mAbs labeled was used to reveal binding of D4a mAbs at the cell surface of the cell

Profil épidémiologique et évolutif des traumatismes de l’appareil urogénital de l’homme aux Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa: Epidemiological and evolutionary profile of the male urogenital system traumas at the Kinshasa University Hospital

Context and objectives. Traumatic urogenital lesions usually occur in severe traumas. But, little is known on their burden. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological aspects of the male urogenital traumas. Methods. A retrospective study covering the period from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2015, was conducted on the urogenital traumas in the Urology Unit of the Surgery Department of the Kinshasa University Hospital. Parameters of interest included clinical data (age, admission complaints, causes and site of lesions), paraclinical status, therapeutic data (medical and surgical treatment) and outcome. Results. Of the 1971 patients admitted in Surgery Department, 44 (2%; main age: 46 ± 29 years, range: 9-76 years) had post-traumatic urogenital lesions. Main causes were iatrogenic medicosurgical procedures (48%), road traffic accidents (27%) and erotic acts (5%). The traumas involved mainly the urethra (61%), external genitals (11%), bladder (9%) and kidney (2%). Multiple lesions accounted for 16% of cases. Therapeutic management was mainly surgical in 70% of conditions. The rate of success, treatment failure, complications, sequelae and mortality were 48%, 30%, 14%, 7% and 2% respectively. Conclusion. The traumas of the urogenital system of man seem relatively uncommon in our environment and most often affecting the urethra, the&nbsp; genitals, kidney and the bladder. Iatrogenic medical acts and road traffic accidents are the major causes of these traumas.&nbsp; Contexte et objectif. Les lésions traumatiques urogénitales surviennent habituellement dans le traumatisme grave. Mais, leur ampleur reste peu connue. L’objectif de la présente étude a été de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques des traumatismes urogénitaux survenus chez l’homme. Méthodes. Etude documentaire couvrant la période du 1er janvier 2010 au 31 décembre 2015, a été menée dans le service d’urologie des Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, sur les traumatismes urogénitaux. Les paramètres d’intérêt incluaient les données cliniques (âge, plaintes à l’admission, causes et site de lésions), le bilan paraclinique, les données thérapeutique (traitement médical et chirurgical) et évolutive (issue vitale). Résultats. De 1971 patients admis ou suivis en Chirurgie, 44 souffraient d’une lésion urogénitales post traumatique, soit une fréquence de 2%. Leur âge moyen des patients était de 46 ans ± 29 avec des extrêmes de 19 et 76 ans. Les actes médico-chirurgicaux iatrogènes (48%), les accidents de trafic routier (27%) et les actes érotiques (5%) étaient les principales étiologies. Ces traumatismes portaient essentiellement sur l’urètre (61%), les organes génitaux externes (11%), la vessie (9%) et le rein (2%). Les lésions multiples ont représenté 16% des cas. La prise en charge thérapeutique était essentiellement chirurgicale dans 70% de cas. Le taux de guérison, d’échec thérapeutique, de complications, de séquelles et de mortalité était respectivement de : 48%, 30%, 14%, 7% et de 2%.&nbsp;Conclusion. Les traumatismes de l’appareil urogénital de l’homme semblent être relativement peu fréquents dans notre milieu et concernent le plus souvent l’urètre, les organes génitaux externes, le rein et la vessie. Les actes médicaux iatrogènes et les accidents du trafic routier en sont les grands pourvoyeurs

Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric assay for the quantification of CDK4/6 inhibitors in human plasma in a clinical context of drug-drug interaction

International audienc