Is the typicality of “Provence Rosé wines” only a matter of color?

Aims: Given the diversity of French dry Rosé wines, Provence Rosé producers (France) wish to evaluate the typicality of their wines in order to better identify their typical characteristics. A clear pink color is one of them but they would also like to identify some specific odors and aromas. Here, we address these issues by: (i) assessing whether the identity of Provence Rosé wines is perceptible by tasting and shared by professionals based on specific odors and aromas (disregarding color as indicator using black glasses), and (ii) evaluating the impact of color on Provence Rosé wine typicality. Methods and results: Complementary methods were used: exemplarity measurements by a panel of wine professionals, sensory evaluation by a trained expert panel, and color assessment. It was confirmed that Provence Rosé wine typicality is based on color because the clearest wines were found to be more typical. However, typicality in odors and aromas was also demonstrated. Using black glasses, wine professionals from Provence agreed on ‘citrus fruit’, ‘exotic fruit’ and ‘fresh floral’ odors and aromas being typical attributes of Provence Rosé wines. Next, when using transparent glasses, the color of the wines clearly modified the perception of exemplarity. Conclusion: There is no single sensory profile of typical Provence Rosé wines. Variability within the sensory profiles of this specific Rosé wine area was observed, but some common aromatic and visual characteristics were identified. Significance and impact of the study: These results could be used as a marketing tool to better highlight the specific intrinsic characteristics of Provence Rosé wines. It will now be interesting to investigate the Provence area further in order to evaluate potential sub-area specificities linked to “terroir” factors

An Access Control Model Based Testing Approach for Smart Card Applications: Results of the {POSÉ} Project

International audienceThis paper is about generating security tests from the Common Criteria expression of a security policy, in addition to functional tests previously generated by a model-based testing approach. The method that we present re-uses the functional model and the concretization layer developed for the functional testing, and relies on an additional security policy model. We discuss how to produce the security policy model from a Common Criteria security target. We propose to compute the tests by using some test purposes as guides for the tests to be extracted from the models. We see a test purpose as the combination of a security property and a test need issued from the know-how of a security engineer. We propose a language based on regular expressions for the expression of such test purposes. We illustrate our approach by means of the IAS case study, a smart card application dedicated to the operations of Identification, Authentication and electronic Signature

An Access Control Model Based Testing Approach for Smart Card Applications: Results of the {POSÉ} Project

International audienceThis paper is about generating security tests from the Common Criteria expression of a security policy, in addition to functional tests previously generated by a model-based testing approach. The method that we present re-uses the functional model and the concretization layer developed for the functional testing, and relies on an additional security policy model. We discuss how to produce the security policy model from a Common Criteria security target. We propose to compute the tests by using some test purposes as guides for the tests to be extracted from the models. We see a test purpose as the combination of a security property and a test need issued from the know-how of a security engineer. We propose a language based on regular expressions for the expression of such test purposes. We illustrate our approach by means of the IAS case study, a smart card application dedicated to the operations of Identification, Authentication and electronic Signature

The archaeological potential of Wogan Cavern (Pembroke, UK):Results of the first fieldwork season

Funding Information: Acknowledgements Many thanks are due to numerous people for their help with our work on Wogan Cavern, including (but not limited to) Jon Williams and the staff at Pembroke Castle, Sian Williams, several colleagues at Dyfed Archaeological Trust, Mark Lewis and Eloise Chapman at Tenby Museum, and Louise Mees at Cadw. We are also grateful to the reviewers for a careful reading of this article and for providing some insightful comments, and to David Lowe, whose comments and advice benefitted the final version of the Paper. The work described here and that planned for the future is funded by the Natural History Museum’s Human Origins Research Fund, the BCRA’s CSTRF scheme, and the Prehistoric Society. ELJ acknowledges the Belspo-ICHIE project for funding her contribution to this research.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Tropical Channel NEMO-OASIS-WRF Coupled Simulations at Very High Resolution

International audienc

Bmcc1s, a Novel Brain-Isoform of Bmcc1, Affects Cell Morphology by Regulating MAP6/STOP Functions

The BCH (BNIP2 and Cdc42GAP Homology) domain-containing protein Bmcc1/Prune2 is highly enriched in the brain and is involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics and cell survival. However, the molecular mechanisms accounting for these functions are poorly defined. Here, we have identified Bmcc1s, a novel isoform of Bmcc1 predominantly expressed in the mouse brain. In primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons, Bmcc1s localized on intermediate filaments and microtubules and interacted directly with MAP6/STOP, a microtubule-binding protein responsible for microtubule cold stability. Bmcc1s overexpression inhibited MAP6-induced microtubule cold stability by displacing MAP6 away from microtubules. It also resulted in the formation of membrane protrusions for which MAP6 was a necessary cofactor of Bmcc1s. This study identifies Bmcc1s as a new MAP6 interacting protein able to modulate MAP6-induced microtubule cold stability. Moreover, it illustrates a novel mechanism by which Bmcc1 regulates cell morphology

Eliminating Rabies in Estonia

The compulsory vaccination of pets, the recommended vaccination of farm animals in grazing areas and the extermination of stray animals did not succeed in eliminating rabies in Estonia because the virus was maintained in two main wildlife reservoirs, foxes and raccoon dogs. These two species became a priority target therefore in order to control rabies. Supported by the European Community, successive oral vaccination (OV) campaigns were conducted twice a year using Rabigen® SAG2 baits, beginning in autumn 2005 in North Estonia. They were then extended to the whole territory from spring 2006. Following the vaccination campaigns, the incidence of rabies cases dramatically decreased, with 266 cases in 2005, 114 in 2006, four in 2007 and three in 2008. Since March 2008, no rabies cases have been detected in Estonia other than three cases reported in summer 2009 and one case in January 2011, all in areas close to the South-Eastern border with Russia. The bait uptake was satisfactory, with tetracycline positivity rates ranging from 85% to 93% in foxes and from 82% to 88% in raccoon dogs. Immunisation rates evaluated by ELISA ranged from 34% to 55% in foxes and from 38% to 55% in raccoon dogs. The rabies situation in Estonia was compared to that of the other two Baltic States, Latvia and Lithuania. Despite regular OV campaigns conducted throughout their territory since 2006, and an improvement in the epidemiological situation, rabies has still not been eradicated in these countries. An analysis of the number of baits distributed and the funding allocated by the European Commission showed that the strategy for rabies control is more cost-effective in Estonia than in Latvia and Lithuania

Creating the city of Dubai : tribal power and urban development challenged by globalisation

Dubaï réinterroge l’objet géographique qu’est la ville car cette cité-État, tour à tour oubliée du monde, puis pétrolière et enfin en quête d’alternatives à la rente pétrolière, est un territoire mouvant, éminemment résilient et donc difficile à appréhender. La thèse se propose d’étudier comment, depuis les années 2000, la mondialisation retribalise la société et l’économie dubaïotes. Elle explore également la gouvernance tribalo-libérale omnisciente pour montrer comment elle constitue un nouveau modèle de gouvernance et une économie d’agglomération éventuellement transposables.Force est de constater que le pouvoir tribal est à la tête d’une cité-État grâce à l’omniscience d’un pouvoir qui se structure en conjuguant tribalisme et modernité. D’autre part, la ville est aussi le territoire qui permet au pouvoir tribal de briller sur la scène internationale en ayant construit son émergence sur son port et sur le savoir-faire portuaire exportable, faisant de Dubaï un hub mondial. En effet, ces infrastructures ont servi de propédeutique à la diversification économique, à l’internationalisation ainsi qu’à l’affirmation du pouvoir économique qui se projette dans l’espace urbain. La saturation de l’espace urbain par le pouvoir tribal et ses homme-liges accroît par ricochet la privatisation de l’économie et de la planification urbaine. Cette emprise croissante sur le territoire urbain révèle la permanence du pouvoir tribal mais aussi son désir de redéfinir le modèle urbain en affichant clairement ses ambitions pour les années 2020 en termes de transition écologique et d’économie de la connaissance. Enfin, cette orientation nouvelle doit à terme se superposer au développement continu du secteur touristique. La ville mondiale est en quête d’une identité qui doit relever le défi de conjuguer à la fois la singularité émirienne et cimenter sa nation dans un paysage dominé majoritairement par les étrangers. Tous peuvent et doivent se reconnaître dans cette ville cosmopolite.Dubai challenges the geographical object that is the city. In turn forgotten by the world, emerging thanks to oil windfall, it is now diversifying into other sectors of the economy. This makes Dubai a moving territory, eminently resilient and therefore difficult to apprehend . This thesis aims to study how, since the 2000s, globalization has re-assigned Dubai's society and economy. It also explores omniscient tribal-liberal governance to show how it constitutes a new model of governance and an economy of agglomeration which might be transposable.It is clear that the omniscient power at the head of a city-state is structured by the combination of tribalism and modernity. The city is also a territory that allows tribal power to shine on the international scene, having built its emergence on its port and on exportable logistics know-how, making Dubai a global hub. This infrastructure have served as a propaedeutic for economic diversification, internationalization as well as the assertion of economic power that is projected in urban space. The saturation of urban space by tribal power and its faithful retainers in turn increases the privatization of the economy and urban planning. This growing hold on the urban territory reveals the permanence of tribal power but also its desire to redefine the urban model by clearly displaying its ambitions for the 2020s in terms of ecological transition and knowledge economy. Finally, this new orientation must ultimately be superimposed on the continued development of the tourism sector. The global city is in search of an identity that must meet the challenge of combining both the UAE's uniqueness and cementing its nation in a landscape dominated mainly by foreigners. Everyone can and must recognize themselves in this cosmopolitan cit

Créer la ville de Dubai : pouvoir tribal et aménagement urbain face au défi de la mondialisation

Dubai challenges the geographical object that is the city. In turn forgotten by the world, emerging thanks to oil windfall, it is now diversifying into other sectors of the economy. This makes Dubai a moving territory, eminently resilient and therefore difficult to apprehend . This thesis aims to study how, since the 2000s, globalization has re-assigned Dubai's society and economy. It also explores omniscient tribal-liberal governance to show how it constitutes a new model of governance and an economy of agglomeration which might be transposable.It is clear that the omniscient power at the head of a city-state is structured by the combination of tribalism and modernity. The city is also a territory that allows tribal power to shine on the international scene, having built its emergence on its port and on exportable logistics know-how, making Dubai a global hub. This infrastructure have served as a propaedeutic for economic diversification, internationalization as well as the assertion of economic power that is projected in urban space. The saturation of urban space by tribal power and its faithful retainers in turn increases the privatization of the economy and urban planning. This growing hold on the urban territory reveals the permanence of tribal power but also its desire to redefine the urban model by clearly displaying its ambitions for the 2020s in terms of ecological transition and knowledge economy. Finally, this new orientation must ultimately be superimposed on the continued development of the tourism sector. The global city is in search of an identity that must meet the challenge of combining both the UAE's uniqueness and cementing its nation in a landscape dominated mainly by foreigners. Everyone can and must recognize themselves in this cosmopolitan cityDubaï réinterroge l’objet géographique qu’est la ville car cette cité-État, tour à tour oubliée du monde, puis pétrolière et enfin en quête d’alternatives à la rente pétrolière, est un territoire mouvant, éminemment résilient et donc difficile à appréhender. La thèse se propose d’étudier comment, depuis les années 2000, la mondialisation retribalise la société et l’économie dubaïotes. Elle explore également la gouvernance tribalo-libérale omnisciente pour montrer comment elle constitue un nouveau modèle de gouvernance et une économie d’agglomération éventuellement transposables.Force est de constater que le pouvoir tribal est à la tête d’une cité-État grâce à l’omniscience d’un pouvoir qui se structure en conjuguant tribalisme et modernité. D’autre part, la ville est aussi le territoire qui permet au pouvoir tribal de briller sur la scène internationale en ayant construit son émergence sur son port et sur le savoir-faire portuaire exportable, faisant de Dubaï un hub mondial. En effet, ces infrastructures ont servi de propédeutique à la diversification économique, à l’internationalisation ainsi qu’à l’affirmation du pouvoir économique qui se projette dans l’espace urbain. La saturation de l’espace urbain par le pouvoir tribal et ses homme-liges accroît par ricochet la privatisation de l’économie et de la planification urbaine. Cette emprise croissante sur le territoire urbain révèle la permanence du pouvoir tribal mais aussi son désir de redéfinir le modèle urbain en affichant clairement ses ambitions pour les années 2020 en termes de transition écologique et d’économie de la connaissance. Enfin, cette orientation nouvelle doit à terme se superposer au développement continu du secteur touristique. La ville mondiale est en quête d’une identité qui doit relever le défi de conjuguer à la fois la singularité émirienne et cimenter sa nation dans un paysage dominé majoritairement par les étrangers. Tous peuvent et doivent se reconnaître dans cette ville cosmopolite

Phénotype hypercoagulable et prééclampsie (étude prospective de la génération de thrombine dans une population de patientes prééclamptiques)

Introduction : La prééclampsie est classiquement associée à une activation de la coagulation. Le test de génération de thrombine donne une vision globale du profil de coagulation. Cette étude a pour objectif de caractériser la coagulation et de vérifier l hypothèse d une hypercoagulabilité associée à la prééclampsie à travers les paramètres de thrombinographie et les marqueurs classiques de la coagulation. Matériel et Méthodes : Cette étude prospective biomédicale cas/témoins compare les marqueurs de la génération de thrombine utilisant la technique de thrombinographie (ETP Potentiel endogène de thrombine, pic de thrombine, temps de latence et vélocité) et les taux de facteur II, facteur V, fibrinogène, complexes TAT, antithrombine, monomères de fibrine et D dimères entre des patientes prééclamptiques (N=111) et des patientes témoins (N=207) à l inclusion, à l accouchement et en post-partum. L évolution de ces paramètres au cours du temps a été étudiée au sein de la population prééclamptique. Une analyse multivariée a été réalisée. Résultats : En analyse multivariée, à l inclusion, l ETP et les taux de facteurs II, facteur V, les complexes TAT et les D dimères sont supérieurs et le taux d antithrombine est inférieur dans le groupe prééclampsie (p<0,05). Le test de génération de thrombine révèle un retard de l initiation et de l inhibition de la formation de la thrombine. A l accouchement, l ETP sur PPP, le taux de facteur V et les D dimères sont supérieurs dans le groupe prééclampsie (p<0,05). En post-partum, les monomères de fibrine, les D-dimères et les TAT sont supérieurs dans le groupe prééclampsie (p<0,05). L étude de l évolution des paramètres du test de génération de thrombine au cours du temps chez les prééclamptiques révèle un retour à un profil de coagulation comparable à celui des patientes témoins en post-partum. Conclusion : L hypothèse d un profil hypercoagulable associé à la prééclampsie est confirmée. Cette étude décrit un profil de génération de thrombine différent chez les prééclamptiques.LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF