Working memory effects in speeded RSVP tasks

The author may only post his/her version provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be provided by inserting the DOI number of the article in the following sentence: “The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/[insert DOI]”The present paper examines the effects of memory contents and memory load in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) speeded tasks, trying to explain previous inconsistent results. We used a one target (Experiment 1) and a two-target (Experiment 2) RSVP task with a concurrent memory load of one or four items, in a dual-task paradigm. A relation between material in working memory and the target in the RSVP impaired the identification of the target. In Experiments 3 and 4, the single task was to determine whether any information in memory matched the target in the RSVP, while varying the memory load. A match was detected faster than a non-match, although only when there was some distance between targets in the RSVP (Experiment 4). The results suggest that memory contents automatically capture attention, slowing processing when the memory contents are irrelevant to the task, and speeding processing when they are relevant.Data collection was made possible thanks to the financed research project by the ‘‘Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Plan Nacional I+D+i 2008–2011. Ref. PSI2010-20175’’. This work was also supported by MH47432

Información que brinda la enfermera en torno a eventos supuestamente atribuidos a vacunación e inmunización. Microred Chiclayo, 2012

La persona puede y debe  hacer prevalecer su derecho a decidir frente a una situación o procedimiento al que será sometido, previa información, de allí que la enfermera puede vulnerar este derecho, sin intención alguna, al brindar información incompleta u al omitirla; exponiéndole a daños físicos y morales, como en la vacunación; donde se reduce la información sobre eventos supuestamente atribuidos a la vacunación e inmunización (ESAVI) a: dolor, fiebre y eritema. La investigación fue de tipo cualitativa, con abordaje  estudio de caso, con el objetivo de describir y analizar la información que brinda la enfermera en torno a eventos supuestamente atribuido a la vacunación e inmunización. En la Micro Red Chiclayo 2012. Los sujetos fueron 7 profesionales de enfermería que laboran en los Centros de Salud - Micro Red Chiclayo, obtenida por saturación. Se recolectó datos mediante la entrevista semiestructurada a profundidad, obteniendo las siguientes categorías, mediante análisis de contenido: Trascendencia  de brindar información en torno a ESAVI, analizando el contenido de la información brindada, consecuencias de brindar información sobre ESAVI y omisión de la información, ¿estrategia o negligencia? Por tanto, las enfermeras reconocen que la importancia de  brindar información radica en ser este un derecho de toda persona,  favorecer el dominio de la realidad que se afronta, tomar una decisión consciente y por tanto minimizar los temores, logrando confianza en quienes la brindan

Cardiovascular Risk Score, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia in Older Mexican Americans: The Role of Sex and Education

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with cognitive decline and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment but not dementia (CIND) and the role of education as a modifier of these effects. Methods and Results: One thousand one hundred sixteen Mexican American elderly were followed annually in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. Our sex‐specific 10‐year CVD risk score included baseline age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, smoking, body mass index, and diabetes. From adjusted linear mixed models, errors on the Modified Mini–Mental State Exam (3MSE) were annually 0.41% lower for women at the 25th percentile of CVD risk, 0.11% higher at the 50th percentile, and 0.83% higher at the 75th percentile (P value of CVDrisk×time <0.01). In men, 3MSE errors were annually 1.76% lower at the 25th percentile of CVD risk, 0.96% lower at the 50th percentile, and 0.12% higher at the 75th percentile (P value of CVDrisk×time <0.01). From adjusted linear mixed models, the annual decrease in the Spanish and English Verbal Learning Test score was 0.09 points for women at the 25th percentile of CVD risk, 0.10 points at the 50th percentile, and 0.12 points at the 75th percentile (P value of CVDrisk×time=0.02). From adjusted Cox models in women, compared with having <6 years of education, having 12+ years of education was associated with a 76% lower hazard of dementia/CIND (95% CI, 0.08 to 0.71) at the 25th percentile of CVD risk and with a 45% lower hazard (95% CI, 0.28 to 1.07) at the 75th percentile (P value of CVDrisk×education=0.05). Conclusions: CVD risk score may provide a useful tool for identifying individuals at risk for cognitive decline and dementia

Evaluación de los resultados del programa 'Parto en el hospital, comadrona en casa'

Objetivo: Describir las características y la evolución clínica de las puérperas y los neonatos incluidos en un programa de alta precoz hospitalaria. Material y método: Estudio observacional y descriptivo de la población incluida en el programa «Parto en el hospital, comadrona en casa», del Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, desde octubre de 2010 hasta abril de 2013. Resultados: Participaron un total de 150 madres, con una edad (media ± desviación estándar) de 32 ± 4 años. El 70% (n= 105) eran multíparas. Respecto al origen de las participantes, el 57,3% (n= 86) procedían de España, el 24% (n= 36) de Sudamérica y el 13,3% (n= 20) de los países del resto de Europa. Un 95% (n= 137) tenía pareja estable. El 62% (n= 93) tenía estudios superiores. El 55% (n= 82) de los partos fueron con analgesia peridural. El 21% (n= 32) requirió episiotomía o tuvo un desgarro de grado II. El resto no presentó ningún desgarro perineal, o éste fue de grado I. La media de estancia hospitalaria fue de 14 ± 4 horas. El peso de los neonatos al nacer y en el domicilio fue de 3.366 ± 362 y 3.168 ± 344 g, respectivamente. El 96% (n= 144) de las mujeres eligió lactancia materna al alta. En la visita, el 94% (n= 134) continuaba con lactancia exclusiva y el 7,4% (n= 11) presentaba grietas. El 4% (n= 6) de las mujeres y de los neonatos se visitó en urgencias durante el puerperio, y hubo 2 (1,3%) reingresos neonatales, por crisis cianótica e ictericia, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Las mujeres que participaron en el programa eran principalmente españolas, multíparas y con estudios superiores, y en la mitad de los casos optaron por un parto con analgesia peridural. Las dificultades encontradas a las 24 horas tras el alta estaban relacionadas con la lactancia materna, y fue necesaria la determinación precoz de la bilirrubina. El programa facilita el empoderamiento de las familias, sin incrementar la morbilidad materna o del neonato

Internationalisation in learning and teaching : Thematic Peer Group report

Publisher PD

Technological Development of Priority Tourist Destinations and Maging Towns

This work is intended to be of support and utility for the Ministry of Tourism in Mexico, so that they can build a future SWOT evaluation of tourist destinations. As well, for those who are interested in areas related to the topics presented in this handbook.It presents the development of incorporate indicators of the Priority Tourist Destinations and Magic Towns of Mexico, derived from Sectorial Project 242853 called Development of Information Systems for the Management of the Tourist Destinations of Mexico, where the analysis of the Project is detailed, until the Achievement of the technological innovation generated, through an Information System.Mexico is a country which has as one of its strengths, cultural and natural resources in each of its states, municipalities and localities. Customs, traditions, gastronomy, ceremonial centers, archeological zones, waterfalls, the abundance in flora and fauna; so describe each of its wonders. These resources require laws and regulations to protect and maintain them, to improve infrastructure, to be sustainable, and attractive to national and international tourism without being damaged or that the inhabitants of those places are benefited by the generation of jobs, social security among others. Balancing all the factors involved is an arduous task and requires studies such as those carried out by various governmental and educational institutions, the private sector among others. In the next work to be published called "Compendium of tourist indicators of priority tourist destinations and magical towns", the analysis of variables and indicators of Priority Tourist Destinations is analyzed, taking as reference various guidelines, standards and information sources as The National Development Plan (NDP) 2013-2018, Tourism Sector Program 2013-2018 (TSP), Identification of Tourism Potentials in Regions and Municipalities (Fascicle 8), Competitiveness Agendas of Mexico's Tourist Destinations, (IMCO), the World Economic Forum (WEF), the Alliance for Excellence in Tourism (EXCELTUR), ITESM, the Guide for Incorporation and Permanence of the Magic Towns of the Tourism Secretaríat (Sectur) with the analysis for the automation of the evaluation of the Magic Towns, INEGI, DATATUR, DENUE among others. As a result of this in-depth analysis, we reach a concentration of 2610 indicators, which are found in an indicator matrix, which can be structured in a hierarchy with a level three depth (Component, subcomponent, factor and indicator). It is necessary to reduce these indicators, so that they identify and select those that have the greatest impact on the observation of tourism development of the destination, taking into account the sustainability, competitiveness, potential and tourism performance of priority tourist destinations and magic towns. The selection of these indicators is done with an affinity diagram or K-J method (Kawakita Jiro), which allows SWOT analysis of the CAs of priority tourist destinations and magic towns and the matrix of the 2610 indicators. This work is intended to be of support and utility for the Ministry of Tourism in Mexico, so that they can build a future SWOT evaluation of tourist destinations. As well, for those who are interested in areas related to the topics presented in this handbook.It presents the development of incorporate indicators of the Priority Tourist Destinations and Magic Towns of Mexico, derived from Sectorial Project 242853 called Development of Information Systems for the Management of the Tourist Destinations of Mexico, where the analysis of the Project is detailed, until the Achievement of the technological innovation generated, through an Information System.CONACY

Women in (Dis)placement: The Field of Studies on Migrations, Social Remittances, Care and Gender in Chile

This article presents current perspectives on the gender approach to the study of migration in Chile between 1990 and 2018, contextualizing it in light of international debates in the social sciences. We will discuss how the feminization and the growth of Latin American migrations have given rise to a prolific field of research, as exemplified by studies conducted in central and northern Chile. We will show how the concepts of social remittances and caregiving permeate the Chilean debate on migrant women. We conclude with reflections on topics and perspectives to be incorporated into the Chilean research agenda on gender and migration.Se presenta un estado del arte sobre el enfoque de género en los estudios de la migración en Chile entre 1990 y 2018, contextualizándolo a la luz de debates internacionales de las ciencias sociales. Abordaremos cómo la feminización y el incremento de las migraciones latinoamericanas inauguran un prolijo campo de investigaciones, articulado a través de estudios desarrollados en el centro y en el norte de Chile. Señalaremos cómo los conceptos de remesas sociales y cuidados permean el debate chileno sobre las mujeres migrantes. Finalizamos con reflexiones sobre temas y perspectivas a ser incorporados en la agenda chilena de investigaciones sobre género y migración.The authors would like to thank the Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) for funding the study that led to this article through Fondecyt Regular Project number 1160683: “Ser Mujer Mayor en Santiago. Organización social de los cuidados, feminización del envejecimiento y desigualdades acumuladas” (“Being an older woman in Santiago. Social organization of care, feminization of ageing and accumulated inequalities”), led by Herminia Gonzálvez Torralbo and Fondecyt Regular Project number 1190056: “The Boundaries of Gender Violence: Migrant Women’s Experiences in South American Border Territories” led by Menara Lube Guizardi

Trends in invasive bacterial diseases during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic: analyses of prospective surveillance data from 30 countries and territories in the IRIS Consortium.

BACKGROUND The Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance (IRIS) Consortium was established to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on invasive diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae. We aimed to analyse the incidence and distribution of these diseases during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the 2 years preceding the pandemic. METHODS For this prospective analysis, laboratories in 30 countries and territories representing five continents submitted surveillance data from Jan 1, 2018, to Jan 2, 2022, to private projects within databases in PubMLST. The impact of COVID-19 containment measures on the overall number of cases was analysed, and changes in disease distributions by patient age and serotype or group were examined. Interrupted time-series analyses were done to quantify the impact of pandemic response measures and their relaxation on disease rates, and autoregressive integrated moving average models were used to estimate effect sizes and forecast counterfactual trends by hemisphere. FINDINGS Overall, 116 841 cases were analysed: 76 481 in 2018-19, before the pandemic, and 40 360 in 2020-21, during the pandemic. During the pandemic there was a significant reduction in the risk of disease caused by S pneumoniae (risk ratio 0·47; 95% CI 0·40-0·55), H influenzae (0·51; 0·40-0·66) and N meningitidis (0·26; 0·21-0·31), while no significant changes were observed for S agalactiae (1·02; 0·75-1·40), which is not transmitted via the respiratory route. No major changes in the distribution of cases were observed when stratified by patient age or serotype or group. An estimated 36 289 (95% prediction interval 17 145-55 434) cases of invasive bacterial disease were averted during the first 2 years of the pandemic among IRIS-participating countries and territories. INTERPRETATION COVID-19 containment measures were associated with a sustained decrease in the incidence of invasive disease caused by S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis during the first 2 years of the pandemic, but cases began to increase in some countries towards the end of 2021 as pandemic restrictions were lifted. These IRIS data provide a better understanding of microbial transmission, will inform vaccine development and implementation, and can contribute to health-care service planning and provision of policies. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Torsten Söderberg Foundation, Stockholm County Council, Swedish Research Council, German Federal Ministry of Health, Robert Koch Institute, Pfizer, Merck, and the Greek National Public Health Organization

ADENOSINE DEAMINASE ACTIVITY AND SERUM C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AS PROGNOSTIC MARKERS OF CHAGAS DISEASE SEVERITY

SUMMARY Chagas disease is a public health problem worldwide. The availability of diagnostic tools to predict the development of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Here we analyze the prognostic value of adenosine deaminase serum activity (ADA) and C-reactive protein serum levels (CRP) in chagasic individuals. One hundred and ten individuals, 28 healthy and 82 chagasic patients were divided according to disease severity in phase I (n = 35), II (n = 29), and III (n = 18). A complete medical history, 12-lead electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, and M-mode echocardiogram were performed on each individual. Diagnosis of Chagas disease was confirmed by ELISA and MABA using recombinant antigens; ADA was determined spectrophotometrically and CRP by ELISA. The results have shown that CRP and ADA increased linearly in relation to disease phase, CRP being significantly higher in phase III and ADA at all phases. Also, CRP and ADA were positively correlated with echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodeling and with electrocardiographic abnormalities, and negatively with ejection fraction. CRP and ADA were higher in patients with cardiothoracic index ≥ 50%, while ADA was higher in patients with ventricular repolarization disturbances. Finally, CRP was positively correlated with ADA. In conclusion, ADA and CRP are prognostic markers of cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in Chagas disease