Preenfriamiento y conservación en frío de aceitunas (cv Picual) almacenadas en contenedores con una capacidad de 400 kg

The cooling of olives stored in containers with a capacity of 400 kg risk accumulation of respiration heat and subsequent fruit deterioration. Pre-cooling the fruit to 5 °C before cold storage was studied as a possible solution to overcome this obstacle. The fruit temperature within the containers was recorded daily for 14 days and oil was extracted at days 0, 4, 8, and 14. A second experiment evaluated a rapid pre-cooling procedure at -18 °C for 3 min. No significant alterations at the level of the examined parameters were recorded. The internal temperature of the control container declined and stabilized at around 12 °C. The temperature of the pre-cooled fruit increased to up to 8 °C. The examined parameters showed no significant alterations in either experiment and the rapid pre-cooling treatment did not lead to any visible ‘chill injuries’. A pre-cooling treatment at 5 °C was successfully introduced at the farm of a small producer.El enfriamiento de aceitunas almacenadas en contenedores (400 kg) corre el riesgo de acumulación de calor respiratorio y posterior deterioro de la fruta. Se estudió el preenfriamiento de la fruta a 5 °C antes del almacenamiento en frío como una posible solución para superar este obstáculo. La temperatura de la fruta dentro de los contenedores se registró diariamente durante 14 días y el aceite se extrajo los días 0, 4, 8 y 14. Un segundo experimento evaluó un procedimiento de preenfriamiento rápido a -18 °C durante 3 min. No se registraron alteraciones significativas a nivel de los parámetros examinados. La temperatura interna del recipiente de control disminuyó y se estabilizó alrededor de 12 °C. La fruta pre-enfriada aumentó hasta 8 °C. Los parámetros examinados no mostraron alteraciones significativas en ambos experimentos y el preenfriamiento rápido no provocó “lesiones por frío” visibles. Se introdujo con éxito un tratamiento de pre-enfriamiento a 5 °C en la finca de un pequeño productor

Magnetic anomalies of the NW Iberian continental margin and the adjacent abyssal plains

The NW Iberian margin is a hyperextended continental margin, formed during the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean, where a subsequent partial tectonic inversion has undergone during the Alpine Orogeny. This succession of tectonic episodes determines the magnetic signature of the margin. The Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone Project has carried out seven one-month cruises between 2001 and 2009. To extend and densify the spatial coverage, we have used data from the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map. Here, we describe the methodology used for the acquisition and data processing of the magnetic field data. The use of diverse instrumentation, a non-complete external field’s cancelation, and the use of different magnetic core field models, contributed to the total error budget. To reduce it, we have used a leveling algorithm which minimizes all these contributions. Finally, a statistical analysis was applied using crossover residuals, showing a resolution better than 28 nT

Aceite de oliva virgen y regulación hormonal de la presión arterial: una revisión del papel de los enzimas proteolíticos

Numerosos estudios realizados en los últimos años, han puesto de manifiesto que los niveles elevados de grasa en la dieta están directamente relacionados con el desarrollo de diversas patologías, entre las que destacan enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes o incluso diversos tipos de cánceres. Estudios epidemiológicos también han demostrado que no sólo es importante la cantidad, sino también el tipo de grasa de la dieta. Son especialmente conocidos los efectos beneficiosos de la dieta mediterránea, caracterizada entre otros aspectos, por un consumo elevado de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados como el oleico. En cualquier caso, no se conoce con exactitud las relaciones existentes entre el tipo de grasa de la dieta y el desarrollo de las distintas patologías. Las aminopeptidasas son enzimas proteolíticos implicados en una amplia variedad de procesos biológicos, destacando su papel en el control de la presión arterial a través del sistema renina-angiotensina. En esta revisión se estudia la influencia de una dieta enriquecida en aceite de oliva sobre la actividad aminopeptidásica sérica y de tejidos periféricos, analizando su influencia en la regulación del sistema renina-angiotensina para el control de la presión arterial y el balance de líquidos y electrolitos.The intake of high fat dietary levels is related to the development of several pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. However, epidemiological studies have demonstrated that not only the amount but also the type of dietary fat participates in the origin of the diseases. In fact, several important beneficts have been attributed to the Mediterranean diet, characterized by the high intake of monoinsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid preferently. In any case, the relationship between the type of dietary fat an the development of diseases are unknown. Aminopeptidases are proteolytic enzymes involved in several biological proccesses, regulating blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin system. In this review, the influence of an olive oil-enriched diet is presented, analyzing their role in the regulation of blood pressure, local blood flow and fluid and electrolytic balance among other functions

Electrocatalytic enhancement of formic acid oxidation reaction by acetonitrile on well-defined platinum surfaces

Catalysis and Surface Chemistr

In vitro assessment of antagonistic activities of isolates from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) gastrointestinal tract fed microalgae supplemented diet

The use of probiotics has emerged as a sustainable alternative to antibiotics in the control of infectious diseases, favouring fish health management, growth performance and feed utilisation, among others. microalgae represent an interesting source of nutrients and functional ingredients for aquafeeds. However, their digestibility is often limited by the presence of anti-nutritional factors or absence of appropriate enzymatic activities in the fish gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The aims of the present work were to isolate potential probiotics from the GIT of Sparus aurata fed with a diet containing 25 % microalgae and characterize their antagonism against fish pathogens. Altogether, 117 strains were isolated from juvenile seabream (146.8 ± 16.4 g) and screened for hydrolytic enzyme activities. Results showed that 48 %, 41 %, 77 % and 30 % of isolates were able to hydrolyse protein, lipids, collagen and starch, respectively. Moreover, 46 %, 8 % and 57 % of isolates exhibited the ability to degrade phytate, tannins and cellulose, respectively. Based on these results, a total of 32 isolates were selected for inhibitory activity against several fish pathogens assessment. Inhibition against Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio anguillarum was detected in 38 % of the isolates, whilst 44 % and 47 % inhibited P damselae subsp. damselae and P. damselae subsp. piscicida, respectively. Inhibition abilities were detected in the isolates when tested against Tenacibaculum species. Thus, 56 % inhibited Tenacibaculum maritimum; 63 % T. soleae and 22 % T. gallaecium. Overall, results showed that three strains display ability to hydrolyse 4 of the assayed substrates and produce inhibition against 8 fish pathogens, and two strains are capable to hydrolyse 5 substrates and inhibit 8 fish pathogens. Selected strains show characteristics to be considered for further characterization as potential probiotics in gilthead seabream aquaculture and microalgae-supplemented aquafeeds.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Analysis of the energy performance of a ground source heat pump system after five years of operation

[EN] GeoCool plant was the result of a EU project whose main purpose was to adapt ground coupled heat pump technology to coolingdominatedareas. The executionofthis experimentalplant was completedatthe end of year 2004, starting on February 2005 the regular operation of the air conditioning system. Since then, GeoCool facility has been monitored by a network of sensors characterizing its most relevant parameters. Several aspects of the performance and behaviour of the system during its first operational year were presented on a previous paper. This paper presents the energy performance measurements of GeoCool ground coupled heat pump system acquired during five years of operation as well as the evolution of the return water temperature from the ground as a representative of the ground temperature. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the system energy performance is maintained through the years with no appreciable impact on ground thermal responseThis work has been supported by FP7 project "Advanced ground source heat pump systems for heating and cooling in Mediterranean climate" (GROUND-MED).Montagud Montalvá, CI.; Corberán Salvador, JM.; Montero Reguera, ÁE.; Urchueguía Schölzel, JF. (2011). Analysis of the energy performance of a ground source heat pump system after five years of operation. Energy and Buildings. 43(12):3618-3626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.09.036S36183626431

Continental margin radiography from a potential field and sediment thickness standpoint: the Iberian Atlantic Margin

El presente estudio realiza una revisión del estado del conocimiento en el Margen Atlántico Ibérico atendiendo a las tres provincias en las que clásicamente se sub-divide éste: margen gallego, planicie abisal suribérica, y planicie abisal del Tagus, utilizando como fuente de información datos de campos potenciales e información derivada de espesor de sedimentos. Se estudian las características de su basamento, estableciendo límites para la extensión de la corteza continental, y la amplitud del dominio denominado transición océano-continente cuyo fin marca el inicio de la corteza oceánica. La corteza continental en el margen gallego ocupa aproximadamente 210 km, la mayor de las tres provincias, mientras que su zona de transición océano- continente varía ligeramente entre los 65 km en su zona sur y los 56 km más al norte, difiriendo de lo propuesto por otros autores que consideran ronda los 30 km. La situación en la planicie abisal sur-ibérica es aproximadamente la contraria. El dominio continental se extiende menos que en el gallego, aproximadamente unos 60 km, mientras que la zona de transición océano-continente lo hace unos 185 km. El estudio de la planicie abisal del Tagus muestra una evolución morfológica más rápida que las otras dos, registrando a partir del análisis de la variación del factor de adelgazamiento ß una zona de transición océano-continente de aproximadamente 100 km. Los resultados obtenidos apoyarían una naturaleza intermedia a la corteza en prácticamente todo el dominio del Tagus, en contra de lo establecido por otros autores.This study reviews the state of knowledge in the Iberian Atlantic margin. In order to do this, the margin has been divided into three provinces: the Galicia margin, the southern Iberian abyssal plain, and the Tagus abyssal plain. We have used potential field and sediment thickness data. This has allowed us to study the crust, setting limits for the continental crust domain, and the amplitude of the so-called ocean-continent transition, whose end marks the beginning of the oceanic crust. The study shows the continental crust in the Galician margin to be the widest, about 210 km in length, whilst the ocean-continent transition varies slightly in this province: between 65 km wide in the south and 56 km wide in the north. This result shows up some differences with the hypothesis of other authors. The situation in the southern Iberian abyssal plain is nearly the opposite. Its continental crust extends approximately 60 km, whilst the ocean-continent transition zone is 185 km long. The Tagus abyssal plain study shows a faster morphological evolution than the others, according with the amount of crustal thinning ß, the ocean-continent transition domain spanning 100 km. These results support a transitional intermediate character for almost the whole Tagus plain, in contrary to what other authors have stated.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)pu

Characterization of the peripheral thyroid system of gilthead seabream acclimated to different ambient salinities

Thyroid hormones are involved in many developmental and physiological processes, including osmoregulation. The regulation of the thyroid system by environmental salinity in the euryhaline gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) is still poorly characterized. To this end seabreams were exposed to four different environmental salinities (5, 15, 40 and 55 ppt) for 14 days, and plasma free thyroid hormones (fT3, ff4), outer ring deiodination and Na+/K+ -ATPase activities in gills and kidney, as well as other osmoregulatory and metabolic parameters were measured. Low salinity conditions (5 ppt) elicited a significant increase in fT3 (29%) and ff4 (184%) plasma concentrations compared to control animals (acclimated to 40 ppt, natural salinity conditions in the Bay of Cadiz, Spain), while the amount of pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone subunit 13 (tshb) transcript abundance remained unchanged. In addition, plasma fT4 levels were positively correlated to renal and branchial deiodinase type 2 (dio2) mRNA expression. Gill and kidney T4-outer ring deiodination activities correlated positively with dio2 mRNA expression and the highest values were observed in fish acclimated to low salinities (5 and 15 ppt). The high salinity (55 ppt) exposure caused a significant increase in tshb expression (65%), but deiodinase gene expression (diol and dio2) and activity did not change and were similar to controls (40 ppt). In conclusion, acclimation to different salinities led to changes in the peripheral regulation of thyroid hormone metabolism in seabream. Therefore, thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation of ion transport and osmoregulatory physiology in this species. The conclusions derived from this study may also allow aquaculturists to modulate thyroid metabolism in seabream by adjusting culture salinity. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Socrates/Erasmus Grant from the European UnionUniversity of Cadiz [UCA 2009-074-FPI]Ministerio de Education y Ciencia, Spain [AGL2007-61211/ACU]FEDER, Spain [AGL2007-61211/ACU]Proyecto de Excelencia (Junta de Andalucia) [PO7-RNM-02843]Science Foundation (FCT) of Portugal [SFRH/BPD/89889/2012, SFRH/BPD/84033/2012]info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio