Coléteres foliares e calicinais de Temnadenia violacea (Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae): estrutura e distribuição

(Foliar and calycine colleters of Temnadenia violacea (Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae): structure and distribution). The present work describes the origin, structure and position of the colleters on vegetative and floral apices of Temnadenia violacea (Vell.) Miers and confirms the presence of mucilage in the secretion produced by those structures. The number of foliar colleters ranges from 9 to 11 per primordium and from 18 to 22 per node; only one has an axilar origin, while the others originate along the margins. Concerning position, five of them are petiolar and the others are interpetiolar. There are two types of foliar colleters: standard and sessile, and they consist of a main body composed of a central core of elongated parenchyma cells surrounded by a secretory palisade epidermis and a thin cuticle. Tector trichomes and vascular tissue occur only on the distal marginal colleters. On the floral apices, the calycine colleters are formed at the base of the calyx, three of them opposite the sepals. All of the calycine colleters have a central core of elongated parenchyma cells, a secretory palisade epidermis, a thin cuticle, and are sessile. The calycine colleters are not vascularized and the laticifers are narrow. Mucilage was detected in the secretion of both foliar and calycine colleters.(Coléteres foliares e calicinais de Temnadenia violacea (Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae): estrutura e distribuição). Este trabalho descreve a origem, estrutura e posição dos coléteres dos ápices vegetativos e florais de Temnadenia violacea (Vell.) Miers e comprova a presença de mucilagem na secreção produzida por estas estruturas. O número de coléteres foliares varia de 9 a 11 por primórdio e de 18 a 22 por nó; apenas um tem origem axilar, sendo os demais de origem marginal. Quanto à posição, cinco coléteres são peciolares e os demais interpeciolares. Os coléteres foliares são dos tipos standard e séssil, sendo constituídos por uma porção alongada, formada por um núcleo central de células parenquimáticas, revestido por epiderme secretora em paliçada uniestratificada e cutícula delgada. Tricomas tectores e tecido vascular ocorrem apenas nos coléteres marginais distais. No ápice floral, os coléteres calicinais têm origem na base do cálice, sendo três coléteres opostos a cada uma das lacínias. Todos os coléteres calicinais possuem um núcleo central de células parenquimáticas, epiderme secretora em paliçada uniestratificada, cutícula delgada e são sésseis; o eixo parenquimático destes coléteres é destituído de vascularização e os laticíferos observados são de pequeno calibre. A mucilagem foi detectada tanto na secreção dos coléteres foliares quanto dos calicinais.489500Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Três diferentes dosadores de fertilizantes em uma semeadora-adubadora: Three different fertilizer doses in a seeder-fertilizer

Devido aos custos elevados da agricultura moderna e a necessidade por melhores resultados na produtividade, a eficiência na aplicação de insumos está cada vez mais acentuada. Visando melhorias na distribuição de fertilizantes, o trabalho objetivou avaliar três mecanismos dosadores do tipo helicoidal por gravidade, rosca sem fim, helicoidal com transbordo central em diferentes fertilizantes granulados e doses. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Agricultura de Precisão e Mecanização Agrícola (LAPMec) da UFMT- Campus Sinop. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em arranjo fatorial 2x3x3, sendo 2 fertilizantes (00-21-00 e 04-20-20), 3 dosadores (FertSystem, Nutri Evo e Original) e 3 doses dos fertilizantes (350, 450 e 520 kg ha-1) com 4 repetições. Conclui-se que o modelo helicoidal com transbordo central (FertSystem) apresenta maior variação para o fertilizante 04-20-20, demonstrando desempenho insatisfatório com fertilizantes de baixa granulometria, e para o fertilizante 00-21-00, o dosador Original da semeadora apresentou maior variação e desvio padrão entre os equipamentos

Ultrassonografia quantitativa do fígado de gatos hígidos: nota prévia

The ultrasonographic exam presents divergence in the interpretation of its findings, due to subjective and individual analysis. The livers of 18 healthy cats were evaluated by the ultrasonographic exam, making use of the gray-level histograms method. There were taken measures referring to the echogenicity (LMEAN), echotexture (NMOST/NALL) and echo amplitude standard deviation (SD). The mean values and standard deviations observed in this clinical assay were: LMEAN 5.6 ±1.08, NMOST/NALL 28.31 ±3.84 e SD 11.48 ±1.77. The gray-level histograms method is very important for the standardizing of hepatic echogenicity and echotexture values, helping in the diagnosis and monitoring of diffuse hepatopathies.O exame ultrassonográfico apresenta divergência na interpretação dos seus achados, devido à análise subjetiva e individual. Avaliou-se ultrassonograficamente a quantificação dos níveis de cinza de fígado de 18 gatos hígidos pela técnica de histograma, obtendo-se medidas referentes à ecogenicidade (LMEAN), ecotextura (NMOST/NALL) e desvio padrão da amplitude do eco (SD). As médias e desvio padrão dos valores encontrados foram para LMEAN 5,6 ±1,08, NMOST/NALL 28,31 ±3,84 e SD 11,48 ±1,77. Ressalta-se a importância da técnica do histograma na padronização de valores de normalidade referentes à ecogenicidade e ecotextura do fígado, favorecendo o diagnóstico e o monitoramento de hepatopatias difusas

Ultrassonografia quantitativa do fígado em gatos com tirotoxicose induzida

Este estudo avaliou ultrassonograficamente o fígado de gatos submetidos à tirotoxicose induzida pela técnica de histograma dos níveis de cinza com o objetivo de melhor avaliar possíveis alterações hepáticas decorrentes do excesso de hormônios tiroidianos. Para isto, foram utilizados nove gatos hígidos, adulto-jovens, que receberam diariamente 150µg/kg de levotiroxina sódica, por 60 dias. O histograma hepático não demonstrou diferença estatística ao nível de 5% de significância entre os momentos avaliados; entretanto, as variações dos valores das variáveis estudadas sugeriram a promoção de aumento da heterogeneidade e diminuição da ecogenicidade do parênquima hepático quando comparado ao momento inicial. A avaliação citopatológica e histopatológica revelou quadro de hepatite tirotóxica em todos os animais.This study evaluated ultrasonographically the liver of cats submitted to induced thyrotoxicosis by the technique of gray-level histogram with the objective of better evaluating the possible hepatic alterations decurring from the excess of the thyroid hormones. For that, there were used nine adult-young healthy cats, which received daily 150ìg/kg of sodic levotiroxin, for 60 days. The hepatic histogram has not demonstrated statistical differences in the 5% level of significance between the evaluated moments; however, the variations of the studied variables' values suggested an increasing of the heterogeneity and a decreasing of the echogenicity of the hepatic parenchyma when compared to the initial moment. The cytopathologic and histopathologic evaluations have shown of a clinical picture of thyrotoxic hepatitis in all the animals

Represas de abastecimento público de Juiz de Fora: mananciais da vida

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Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Structures secretory of the sheet to foliate of species of Senecio Tourn. ex L. (Asteraceae)

Muitas estruturas secretoras já foram relatadas para a família Asteraceae, ocorrendo hidatódios, nectários, ductos, cavidades, idioblastos, laticíferos, coléteres e diversos tipos de tricomas. O gênero Senecio é o maior entre as fanerógamas e pode ser caracterizado pela presença de alcalóides pirrolizidínicos os quais apresentam propriedades tóxicas e atividade biológica. Poucas espécies de Senecio foram estudadas anatomicamente, e apenas uma pertencente a flora brasileira. Esse trabalho teve como objetivos descrever a anatomia das estruturas secretoras foliares de espécies de Senecio ocorrentes na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais; avaliar a importância dessas estruturas como subsídio para a taxonomia do grupo e caracterizar a histoquímica foliar de Senecio leptolobus DC. Foram analisados exemplares herborizados depositados nos herbários VIC (UFV), OUPR (UFOP) e CESJ (UFJF) das seguintes espécies: Senecio argyrotichus Dusen, S. erisithalifolius Sch. Bip. ex Baker, S. pulcher Hook, S. icoglossus DC., S. pellucidinervis Sch. Bip. ex Baker, S. pluricephalus Cabr., S adamantinus Bang., S. stigophlebius Baker, S. mikanoides Otto ex. Baker, S. brasiliensis Less., S. leptoschizus Bong., S. pinnatus Poir., S. leptolobus DC., S. pohlii Sch. Bip. Ex Baker, S. pseudopohlii Cabr., S. emilioides Baker, S. nemoralis Dusen, S. languei Malme, S. tweediei Hook. et Arn., S. vernomioides Baker, S. oleosus Vell., S. heterotrichus DC., S. oxiphyllus DC., S. confusius Britten., S. ellipticus DC., S. imbricatus Garden, S. selloi Spreng., S. jacobaca D. Don., S. desiderabilis Vell., S. aureus Linn. Das exsicatas, foram retiradas folhas totalmente expandidas e submetidas ao processo de reidratação. Fragmentos foram diafanizados conforme metodologia usual e a região mediana (nervura central e margem) foi incluída em glicol-metacrilato para obtenção de cortes em micrótomo. Os cortes foram corados com azul de toluidina, e as peças diafanizadas em safranina solução xilólica. As lâminas foram montadas em Permount. Para os testes histoquímicos foram utilizados materiais frescos, sendo os cortes realizados com lâmina de barbear em micrótomo de mesa. Os testes utilizados foram: sudan III, sudan IV e sudan black B para lipídios; xylidine ponceau para proteínas; PAS para polissacarídeos neutros; vermelho de rutênio para substâncias pécticas; floroglucina ácida para lignina; lugol para amido; sulfato ferroso em formalina para compostos fenólicos como fixador e reagente de Dragendorf para alcalóides. Foram observados quatro tipos de estruturas secretoras. Os tricomas secretores são de três tipos, e ocorrem em 15 espécies, que estão distribuídas em 5 seções. Os hidatódios, que são formados por um poro aqüífero, epitema, terminações vasculares xilemáticas e por uma bainha incompleta, não ocorrem na Seção Dichoria. Os ductos estão ausentes apenas em S. icoglossus. Nas demais espécies, eles podem ocorrer associados os feixes vasculares ou dispersos no mesofilo. Quando associados a feixes, eles podem estar voltados apenas para o floema ou para floema e xilema simultaneamente. Foram observadas cavidades apenas em S. icoglossus e S. oxyphyllus. Os testes com PAS, xylidine ponceu e lugol apresentaram resultados negativos. A presença de alcalóide foi observada pela reação positiva ao teste com Dragendorf, mostrando acúmulo de alcalóides nos plastídeos. Uma forte reação positiva foi observada no teste com sulfato ferroso, evidenciando um acúmulo de compostos fenólicos principalmente nas células epidérmicas e no parênquima clorofiliano. Gotas de óleo foram evidenciadas no parênquima aclorofilado. Não se observou reação positiva aos diferentes testes histoquímicos nos ductos secretores.Many structures secretory were already told for the family Asteraceae, happening hydathode, nectary, ducts, cavities, idioblast, laticiferous, colleter and several trichomes types. The geneus Senecio is the largest among the vascular plant and it can be characterized by the presence of alkaloids pirrolizidinic which present toxicant properties and biological activity. Few species of Senecio were studied anatomycal, and just a belonging one the Brazilian flora. That work had as objectives to describe the anatomy of the structures secretorys you foliate of species of Senecio to happen in the Zone of the Forest of Minas Gerais; to evaluate the importance of those structures as subsidy for the taxonomy of the group and to characterize the histochemycal to foliate of Senecio leptolobus DC. Plant were analyzed deposited in the herbaria VIC (UFV), OUPR (UFOP) and CESJ (UFJF) of the following species: Senecio argyrotichus Dusen, S. erisithalifolius Sch. Bip. ex. Baker, S. pulcher Hook, S. icoglossus DC., S. pellucidinervis Sch. Bip. ex. Baker, S. pluricephalus Cabr., S adamantinus Bang., S. stigophlebius Baker, S. mikanoides ex. Otto. Baker, S. brasiliensis Less., S. leptoschizus Bong., S. pinnatus Poir., S. leptolobus DC., S. pohlii Sch. Bip. ex. Baker, S. viiipseudopohlii Cabr., S. emilioides Baker, S. nemoralis Dusen, S. languei Malme, S. tweediei Hook. et Arn., S. vernomioides Baker, S. oleosus Vell., S. heterotrichus DC., S. oxiphyllus DC., S. confusius Britten., S. ellipticus DC., S. imbricatus Gardem, S. selloi Spreng., S. jacobaca D. Don., S. desiderabilis Vell., S. aureus Linn. The exsicatas, leaves were totally removed expanded and submitted to the reidratação process. Fragments were diafanized according to usual methodology and the medium area (central rib and margin) it was included in glicol-metacrilato for obtaining of cuts in microtomo. The cuts were red-faced with toluidina blue, and the pieces diafanized in safranina. The sheets were mounted in Permount. For the tests histochemycal fresh materials were used, being the cuts accomplished with razor blade in table microtomo. The used tests were: sudan III, sudan IV and sudan black B for lipids; xylidine ponceau for proteins; for neutral polissacarídeos; red of rutênio for pectical substances; acid floroglucin for lignin; lugol for starch; ferrous sulfato in formalin for composed fenolicol as fixador and reagente of Dragendorf for alkaloids. Four types of structures secretorys were observed. The trichomes secretorys are of three types, and they happen in 15 species, that are distributed in 5 sections. The hydathodes, that you/they are formed by a water pores, epithem, ends of vascular bundles and for an incomplete hem, they don't happen in the Seção Dichoria. The ducts are just absent in S. icoglossus. In the other species, they can happen associated the vascular bundles or dispersed in the mesophyll. When associated to bundles, they can just be gone back to the phloem or for phloem and xylem simultaneously. Cavities were just observed in S. icoglossus and S. oxyphyllus. The tests with PAS, xylidine ponceu and lugol presented negative results. The alkaloid presence was observed by the positive reaction to the test with Dragendorf, showing accumulation of alkaloids in the plastídeos. A strong positive reaction was observed in the test with ferrous sulfate, evidencing an accumulation of compositions fenolic mainly in the cells epidermical and in the chlorophyllian parenchyma. Oil drops were evidenced in the parenchyma colorless. Positive reaction was not observed to the different tests histochemistry in the ducts secretory.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio