Hydrodeoxygenation of Isoeugenol over Carbon-Supported Pt and Pt-Re Catalysts for Production of Renewable Jet Fuel

A series of monometallic platinum and bimetallic platinum-rhenium catalysts supported on mesoporous carbon Sibunit, which is a type of mesoporous, microcrystalline carbon, were investigated for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of isoeugenol (IE) at 200-300 degrees C and 30 bar of H-2, using dodecane as a solvent. Catalytic activity was tested in a batch reactor to screen the catalysts and, for comparison, also in the continuous mode. For batch experiments, complete conversion, and a high yield of the desired product, propylcyclohexane (PCH), were obtained for all bimetallic PtRe/Sibunit in 240 min, with the highest yield of PCH when Pt:Re ratio was 1:1 or 1:3. The results for Pt-Re (1:1) were reproducible, in terms of catalytic activity and reusability of catalysts, which showed no deactivation. Monometallic Pt catalysts displayed low activity. Continuous experiments were performed with PtRe(1:1)/Sibunit at 30 bar H-2, 0.5 mL/min of the liquid flow, and temperatures between 75 degrees C and 200 degrees C. The distribution of products showed deoxygenation at higher temperatures, while at lower temperatures, mainly oxygenated products were formed. XPS results confirmed the presence of ReOx species, where an increase in the platinum loading resulted in a decrease in the fraction of ReOx species and subsequently lower PCH yield

Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration

Extensive experimental data from high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions were recorded using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The comprehensive set of measurements from the first three years of RHIC operation includes charged particle multiplicities, transverse energy, yield ratios and spectra of identified hadrons in a wide range of transverse momenta (p_T), elliptic flow, two-particle correlations, non-statistical fluctuations, and suppression of particle production at high p_T. The results are examined with an emphasis on implications for the formation of a new state of dense matter. We find that the state of matter created at RHIC cannot be described in terms of ordinary color neutral hadrons.Comment: 510 authors, 127 pages text, 56 figures, 1 tables, LaTeX. Submitted to Nuclear Physics A as a regular article; v3 has minor changes in response to referee comments. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm