La Manga del Mar Menor: a posible utopia

In the 60's began the urbanization of La Manga del Mar Menor for tourism, an area so unspoiled and idyllic. Urban development was entrusted to the architects Antonio Bonet Castellana and Josep Puig Torné. The plan assumed conceptual change in tourism, from the traditional holidays to mass tourism. They studied the native landscape values and opted for the concentration of the intervention by building autonomous units sufficiently far from each other and arranged along a linear axis which is the area of La Manga, preserving the maximum possible territory and achieving the profitability of the operation by increasing the height of buildings. The separation of units allowed to enjoy the scenery and idyllic conditions of the situation between two seas, assuming a major attraction and durability over time, and advancing and advocating the precepts of sustainability and conservation of the landscape.Peer Reviewe

The Limited Effect of Graphic Elements in Video and Augmented Reality on Children’s Listening Comprehension

There is currently significant interest in the use of instructional strategies in learning environments thanks to the emergence of new multimedia systems that combine text, audio, graphics and video, such as augmented reality (AR). In this light, this study compares the effectiveness of AR and video for listening comprehension tasks. The sample consisted of thirty-two elementary school students with different reading comprehension. Firstly, the experience, instructions and objectives were introduced to all the students. Next, they were divided into two groups to perform activities—one group performed an activity involving watching an Educational Video Story of the Laika dog and her Space Journey available by mobile devices app Blue Planet Tales, while the other performed an activity involving the use of AR, whose contents of the same history were visualized by means of the app Augment Sales. Once the activities were completed participants answered a comprehension test. Results (p = 0.180) indicate there are no meaningful differences between the lesson format and test performance. But there are differences between the participants of the AR group according to their reading comprehension level. With respect to the time taken to perform the comprehension test, there is no significant difference between the two groups but there is a difference between participants with a high and low level of comprehension. To conclude SUS (System Usability Scale) questionnaire was used to establish the measure usability for the AR app on a smartphone. An average score of 77.5 out of 100 was obtained in this questionnaire, which indicates that the app has fairly good user-centered design

Long-lasting visceral hypersensitivity in a model of DSS-induced colitis in rats

Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICBackground: Persistent visceral hypersensitivity is a key component of functional and inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. Current animal models fail to fully reproduce the characteristics of visceral pain in humans, particularly as it relates to persistent hypersensitivity. This work explores the validity of DSS-induced colitis in rats as a model to mimic chronic intestinal hypersensitivity. Methods: Exposure to DSS (5% for 7 days) was used to induce colitis in rats. Thereafter, changes in viscerosensitivity (visceromotor responses to colorectal distension-CRD), the presence of somatic referred pain (mechanosensitivity of the hind paws, von Frey test) and the expression (qRT-PCR) of sensory-related markers (colon, lumbosacral DRGs, and lumbosacral spinal cord) were assessed at different times during the 35 days period after colitis induction. Results: Following colitis, a sustained increase in visceromotor responses to CRD were observed, indicative of the presence of visceral hypersensitivity. Responses in animals without colitis remained stable over time. In colitic animals, somatic referred hypersensitivity was also detected. DSS-induced colitis was associated to a differential expression of sensory-related markers (with both pro- and anti-nociceptive action) in the colon, lumbosacral DRGs and lumbosacral spinal cord; indicating the presence of peripheral and central sensitization. Conclusions and Inferences: DSS-induced colitis in rats is associated to the generation of a long-lasting state of visceral (colonic) hypersensitivity, despite clinical colitis resolution. This model reproduces the changes in intestinal sensitivity characteristics of inflammatory and functional gastrointestinal disorders in humans and can be used in the characterization of new pharmacological treatments against visceral pain

The Rookies: experiential learning with Final Degree Project students in Architecture

As a general rule when a Jury is held, the students have to face with the evaluation and critical sense of a jury composed of external professionals and professors, which haven’t followed up the work of the students during de academic year. What happen if Final Degree Project students in Architecture experiment for several hours the sensation of being active part of an examining board or jury of Architectural Projects? Would the way in which they will face up their future professional projects be different? After this experience, would the students reconsider their attitude when they have to present their Final Degree Projects to an examining board? Would “The Rookies” experience be useful for them after witnessing a jury from the other side? The main aim of “The Rookies” is to complement the academic training of the Final Degree Project students, in order to consolidate their acquisition of both critical and evaluation sense with respect to the work of their classmates.A menudo en las celebraciones de Jury, los alumnos se enfrentan a la evaluación y crítica –constructiva por definición- de profesionales y profesorado ajeno y alternativo al que les ha acompañado durante el desarrollo del curso académico. ¿Qué pasaría si, por unas horas, un alumno de PFG experimentase la sensación de ser parte activa de un tribunal o Jury de Proyectos Arquitectónicos? ¿Cambiarían en adelante la manera de afrontar el desarrollo de los proyectos que les dará acceso al circuito profesional? ¿Se replantearían tras la experiencia su actitud cuando deban plantarse y defender sus proyectos ante un tribunal de PFG? ¿Sería útil para ellos presenciar un tribunal de PFG desde la perspectiva contraria?. Se pretende pues con esta práctica de aprendizaje experiencial complementar la formación de los alumnos de PFG, para así consolidar su adquisición de actitud crítica y de evaluación frente al trabajo de sus compañeros

Patrimonio, cultura material e innovación docente : Propuestas y experiencias

En aquest treball ens centrem en els usos del patrimoni històric educatiu, catàlegs comercials de material d'ensenyament i exposicions pedagògiques que difonen la cultura material de centres docents i dels seus professors com a recurs didàctic en contextos formatius per propiciar l'adquisició de competències. El patrimoni històric educatiu aporta un alt potencial instructiu i educatiu, i pot ser una eina pedagògica en el treball a l'aula per a diferents nivells i modalitats educatius. És un mitjà apropiat per analitzar les cultures escolars (la del coneixement científic dels experts, la política institucional i la dels docents); ens informa de la història i l'evolució de les disciplines escolars i el seu codi disciplinari; és un indicador de processos de canvi, reformes i innovacions; ens ajuda a conèixer el que foren les pràctiques educatives pretèrites, els estils d'ensenyament i les metodologies docents a l'aula i ens permet aprofundir en el coneixement i la interpretació del passat en l'àmbit escolar. Així mateix, permet ser utilitzat com a estratègia didàctica per a una educació patrimonial que contribueixi a l'adquisició i el desenvolupament de capacitats que generin el coneixement, la comprensió, el respecte, la cura i la conservació del patrimoni.In this paper we focus on the uses of historical-educational heritage, commercial catalogues of teaching materials and pedagogical exhibitions that spread the material culture of schools and its teachers as a teaching resource in learning contexts to promote the acquisition of skills. The historical-educational heritage provides a high instructive and teaching potential, and it can be a useful pedagogical work in the classroom for different educational levels and modalities. It is an appropriate means to analyse school cultures (such as that of the scientific knowledge of the experts, the politicalinstitutional one and that of teachers). It tells us about the history and evolution of school disciplines and the disciplinary code. It is an indicator of processes of change, reform and innovation. It helps us to know bygone educational practices, teaching styles and teaching methods in the classroom, enhancing deeper understanding and interpretation of the past in schools. As well, it can be used as a teaching strategy for heritage education that contributes to the acquisition and development of abilities that generate knowledge, understanding, respect, and care and conservation of heritage.En este trabajo nos centramos en los usos del patrimonio histórico-educativo, catálogos comerciales de material de enseñanza y exposiciones pedagógicas que difunden la cultura material de centros docentes y de sus profesores como recurso didáctico en contextos formativos para propiciar la adquisición de competencias. El patrimonio histórico-educativo aporta un alto potencial instructivo y educativo, puede ser un útil pedagógico en el trabajo en el aula para diferentes niveles y modalidades educativas. Es un medio apropiado para analizar las culturas escolares (la del conocimiento científico de los expertos, la político-institucional y la de los docentes); nos informa de la historia y evolución de las disciplinas escolares y su código disciplinar; es un indicador de procesos de cambio, reformas e innovaciones; nos ayuda a conocer lo que fueron las prácticas educativas pretéritas, estilos de enseñanza y metodologías docentes en el aula, permitiéndonos profundizar en el conocimiento e interpretación del pasado en el ámbito escolar. Asimismo, permite ser utilizado como estrategia didáctica para una educación patrimonial que contribuya a la adquisición y desarrollo de capacidades que generen el conocimiento, comprensión, respeto, cuidado y conservación del patrimonio

Estimación de la mortalidad atribuible a enfermedades laborales en España, 2004

Ana M. García García ([email protected])El registro de enfermedades profesionales en España resulta insuficiente para valorar el impacto de las enfermedades de origen laboral en nuestro país. En el presente estudio se estima la mortalidad por enfermedades laborales y sus costes en base a riesgos atribuibles estimados en la literatura internacional.Métodos: Se aplican estimaciones de riesgo atribuible para la mortalidad de origen laboral calculadas por Nurminen y Karjalainen (Finlandia, 2001) al total de muertes por las enfermedades y grupos de edad relevantes en España y por comunidades autónomas en 2004. Se calculan los años potenciales de vida y de vida laboral perdidos. A partir de estos últimos, se estiman los costes actualizados de la pérdida de vida productiva debida a las muertes por enfermedades laborales en España. Resultados: Según nuestras estimaciones, en 2004 se habrían producido en España cerca de 16.000 muertes por enfermedades relacionadas con exposiciones laborales, la mayoría en hombres (87%). Estas muertes habrían causado cerca de 152.000 años potenciales de vida perdidos y algo más de 47.000 años potenciales de vida laboral perdidos, lo que conllevaría un coste actualizado en pérdidas de productividad entre 580 y 1.000 millones de euros. Conclusiones: En 2004 el registro de enfermedades profesionales en España sólo recogió dos muertes por esta causa. Sin embargo, los resultados del presente estudio ponen de manifiesto la importancia de las condiciones de trabajo como determinantes de muertes evitables en la población y la inminente necesidad de sistemas de vigilancia y prevención adecuados para afrontar en toda su magnitud este problema para la salud pública. Palabras clave: Salud laboral. Enfermedades laborales.Background: Occupational diseases are not registered in Spain to a sufficient degree so as to be able to evaluate the impact thereof in our country. In this study, the occupational disease-related mortality and the costs thereof are estimated based on attributable risks calculated in international literature. Methods: Attributable risk estimates are applied for the occupationally-caused deaths rate calculated by Nurminen and Karjalainen (Finland, 2001) are applied to the total number of deaths by the relevant diseases and age groups in Spain and in Autonomous Communities in 2004. The potential years of life and working life lost are calculated. Based upon the years of working life lost, the updated costs of the loss of productive life due to deaths caused by occupational diseases in Spain are estimated. Results: According to our estimates, nearly 16,000 deaths would have occurred in Spain due to occupational exposurerelated diseases, the majority in males (87%). These deaths could have caused nearly 152,000 potential years of life lost and somewhat over 47,000 potential years of working life lost, which would entail an updated cost in productivity losses of 580 million - 1 billion euros. Conclusions: In 2004, the occupational disease register in Spain included solely two deaths due to this cause. The results of this study however reveal the importance of working conditions as determining factors in preventable deaths among the population and the imminent need for adequate surveillance and prevention systems for dealing with this public health problem in its full magnitude

Vaulted systems and surrealism in Bonet Castellana. Materialization of individual space.

[EN] Bonet Castellana’s secondment to surrealism from his childhood will be decisive in the development of his work. From the Project of Maison Jaoul performed in Le Corbusier’s Studio, he will start the search of individualism in his work. The workshops building of Paraguay-Suipacha will be the exponent of the ideological burden received in Paris and it will endure along his career. In Antonio Bonet’s work made in La Manga del Mar Menor, he proposes and rehearses several vaulted roof systems that he will apply to the rest of his work. The return to the Mediterranean will shape Antonio Bonet’s spirit.[ES] La adscripción de Bonet Castellana al surrealismo desde su juventud, será determinante en el desarrollo de su obra. Desde el proyecto de la Maison Jaoul que realiza en el taller de Le Corbusier, iniciará la búsqueda de lo individual en su obra. El edificio de talleres de Paraguay-Suipacha será el exponente de toda la carga ideológica recibida en París y que perdurará a lo largo de su trayectoria. En la obra que Antonio Bonet realiza en La Manga del Mar Menor, este propone y ensaya diversos sistemas de cubrición abovedados que aplicará en el resto de su obra. El regreso al Mediterráneo acabará de conformar el espíritu de Antonio Bonet.López Martínez, JM.; Aroca Vicente, E.; Carcelén González, R. (2015). Sistemas abovedados y surrealismo en Bonet Castellana. La materialización del espacio individual. EN BLANCO. Revista de Arquitectura. 7(17):110-114. doi:10.4995/eb.2015.5745SWORD110114717Álvarez PROZOROVICH, Fernando. & ROIG NAVARRO, Jordi. Bonet Castellana. Barcelona: Edicions UPC, 1999.LE CORBUSIER. Espagne. Carnets. Milán: Electa, 1994.MARZÁ, Fernando & ROCA, Esteve. "La bóveda catalana en la obra de Le Corbusier". En: Le Corbusier y Barcelona. Barcelona: Fundación Caixa de Catalunya, 1988, p. 110-134.MARZÁ, Fernando & ROCA, Esteve. "La obra de Gaudí en la búsqueda de Le Corbusier. La Celle-Saint-Cloud". En: Le Corbusier y Barcelona. Barcelona: Fundación Caixa de Catalunya, 1988, p. 95-104.PERMANYER, Lluis. "Cuestionario Proust. Antonio Bonet, un filósofo de hoy". La Vanguardia. Barcelona, 1974.REVISTA AUSTRAL. Noviembre 1939, nº 1. Buenos Aires. Reproducción facsímil incluida en ÁLVAREZ PROZOROVICH, Fernando. & ROIG NAVARRO, Jordi. Bonet Castellana. Barcelona: Edicions UPC, 1999

El trabajo asalariado en la agricultura de la Baja Andalucía. Siglos XVIII y XIX

La existencia de grandes explotaciones agrarias en Andalucía Occidental, cuya producción se destinaba al mercado, implicaba la necesidad de una contratación masiva de mano de obra, dando lugar a una precoz proletarización de buena parte de la misma. Tan elevado era el número de trabajadores necesario para atender la demanda de trabajo de las citadas explotaciones que el mercado de trabajo local era incapaz de cubrirla por lo que había que recurrir a la contratación de trabajadores forasteros. La presencia de trabajadores locales y forasteros dio lugar a una segmentación de dicho mercado, en la que los trabajadores locales, tempranamente proletarizados, llevaban a cabo las faenas ordinarias de la explotación, mientras que los forasteros, generalmente campesinos humildes en sus áreas de procedencia, atendían las actividades con una mayor productividad marginal relacionadas con la recolección

Development and Validation of the Overall Foot Health Questionnaire for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Analysis

Background and Objectives: In general, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are ignorant of the physician’s role and of RA-related feet problems. The aim of our study was to validate a questionnaire on the knowledge of different aspects of overall foot health in patients with RA. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was carried out between March 2017 and April 2017. A questionnaire was designed and validated through the Delphi method to evaluate the knowledge about the illness, the repercussions on feet, medical podiatry care, and the role of the medical podiatrist. Results: After being checked by a panel of experts, all the items obtained a Cronbach’s alpha over 0.70. Conclusions: The content of this questionnaire about the knowledge of different aspects of medical podiatry health in patients with RA has internal consistenc

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validation of the Spanish perceived physical literacy instrument for adolescents (S-PPLI)

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Spanish Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (S-PPLI) questionnaire in Spanish adolescents. Method: The participants of this study were 360 Spanish adolescents (aged 12-17 years) from three secondary schools in the Region of Murcia (Spain). A cultural adaptation process of the original version of the PPLI questionnaire was developed. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to test the three-factor structure of physical literacy. Intraclass correlation coefficients were computed to estimate the test-retest concordance. Results: Using a confirmatory factor analysis, the factor loading of all items above the standard of 0.40 ranged from 0.53 to 0.77, suggesting that the observed variables sufficiently represented the latent variables. Analyses for convergent validity showed average variance extracted values that ranged from 0.40 to 0.52 and composite reliability values higher than 0.60. All the correlations were below the recommended cutoff point of 0.85, which indicated that the three physical literacy factors achieved adequate discriminant validity. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.62 to 0.79 (p < 0.001 for all items), which indicated moderate/good reliability. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the S-PPLI is a valid and reliable measure of physical literacy among Spanish adolescents