Consideraciones para una óptima salud en el puesto de trabajo

La ergonomía desempeña un papel creciente en la solución del problema de rehabilitación de personas que en una u otra medida han perdido la capacidad de trabajo; también se estudian las aptitudes y peculiaridades psíquicas y físicas de las personas de edad avanzada y de aquellos individuos considerados como trabajadores especialmente sensibles. Por ello los principios ergonómicos se aplican para optimizar las condiciones de trabajo en relación al bienestar de la persona, su salud y su seguridad, sin olvidar la eficiencia tecnológica y económica. El abordaje de los factores de riesgo que intervienen en la producción de problemas de espalda en los profesionales, incluye al ser humano en sentido integral, desde el punto de vista físico, psicológico y social. En nuestro trabajo nos vamos a centrar en los factores físicos principalmente, destacaremos la adopción de posturas forzadas, movimientos bruscos, así como la inadecuada preparación física y el sedentarismo en una profesión sanitaria, la del técnico en transporte sanitario. Pero no debemos dejar de hacer mención de los otros puntos de vista: el estrés laboral, el apremio de tiempo, que da lugar a que se trabaje con mayor ritmo y no precisamente adoptando posiciones correctas. Aspectos relacionados con la satisfacción laboral también acentúan el estrés y la tensión muscular. La ausencia de una formación preventiva adecuada respecto a técnicas de movilización de enfermos. La falta de personal en los centros de trabajo, que implican una sobrecarga; el deficiente o nulo uso de medios mecánicos adecuadamente diseñados desde el punto de vista ergonómico.Ergonomics plays an increasing role in solving the problem of rehabilitation of people have lost the ability to work, it also examines the skills and mental and physical peculiarities of the elderly and those individuals considered workers are particularly sensitive. Therefore apply ergonomic principles to optimize the conditions of work for the welfare of the person, their health and safety, not forgetting the technological and economic efficiency. The approach of the risk factors involved in the production of back problems in the professionals, including the human being in integral sense from the standpoint of physical, psychological and social. In our work we focus mainly on physical factors, we will highlight the adoption of awkward postures, sudden movements, as well as inadequate physical fitness and physical inactivity in a health profession, the technician in health transport. But we must not fail to mention the other points of view: work stress, time pressure, which leads you to work with greater pace and not just taking proper positions. Aspects related to job satisfaction also accentuate stress and muscle tension. The absence of adequate preventive training on techniques of mobilization of patients. The lack of staff in the workplace, resulting in an overload, the poor or no use of properly designed mechanical means from the ergonomic standpoint.peerReviewe

Predicting the physicochemical properties and geographical ORIGIN of lentils using near infrared spectroscopy

[EN]Calibration statistical descriptors for both whole and ground lentils using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), combined with fiber-optic probe, are presented and discussed. The models were developed for estimating the weight, size, total raw protein, moisture, total fat, total fiber, and ash. Standard methods were used to determine compositional parameters of 42 samples of different varieties of lentils. The calibration curves show a wide range of validity for all parameters. The results showed excellent predictability for the determination of weight, fiber, and ash in whole lentils. However, size, moisture, and total fat were predicted satisfactorily in ground lentils. The total protein content could be predicted for both whole and ground lentils. Moreover, NIRS and Direct Partial Least Squares (DPLS) were used to determine whether a sample of lentils belonged to the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) “Lenteja de La Armuña” or not. The results showed that 95% of the samples were correctly classified as belonging to a PGI. This result demonstrates that this technique allows the differentiation of samples from nearby regions

Coaching in clinical psychology: fundamental issues of possibilities and limits

En el texto se hace un abordaje de lo que es el Coaching, de las teorías dentro de la Psicología del que se basa éste y de su aplicabilidad en la Psicología clínica. Se podría definir el Coaching como el proceso interactivo y transparente mediante el cual el Coach o entrenador y la persona o grupo implicados en dicho proceso (Coachee) buscan el camino más eficaz para alcanzar los objetivos fijados usando sus propios recursos y habilidades. Esta definición se asemeja al rol que psicólogo y cliente adoptarían en las sesiones. Por lo cual, la psicología clínica ha empezado a interesarse por el proceso de Coaching en psicoterapia cómo una herramienta más a utilizar dentro de nuestro campo. De ahí la conveniencia de elaborar un modelo de intervención integrador con la inclusión del Coaching en población clínica. El “coaching” se hace interesante para la Psicología porque es una manera de intervenir con una persona. Esta manera de intervenir, propia del “coaching”, se aplica en los contextos naturales de la persona. En estos contextos naturales es donde se desarrolla e interacciona la persona con su medio. Es decir, que este modo de actuar con las técnicas adecuadas a cada caso se podría considerar muy positivo para aquellas personas que necesiten una intervención aplicada en sus contextos naturales.In this text we talk about Coaching, how it is based on psychological theories and its applicability in clinical psychology. The Coaching could be defined as the interactive and transparent process throught which the coach is the trainer and the coachee is the person that searches the better way to find his objective using its own resources and abilities. This definition is similar to the roll that psychologist and client would adopt in the sessions. Thus, clinical psychology has begun to be interested in the process of Coaching in psychotherapy, as one tool more to use within our field. Therefore, the convenience to ellaborate a model of intervention integrates coaching in clinical Psychology population. Coaching becomes interesting for psychologists because it is a way of intervention with the person. This way of intervention, own of coaching, it is applied in natural contexts of the person. In this natural contexts it is were the person with her atmosphere is developed and interacted. Therefore, this way to act with the techniques adapted to each case, it would be considered very positive for those people that they need an intervention applied in its natural contexts.peerReviewe

Coaching in clinical psychology: fundamental issues of possibilities and limits

En el texto se hace un abordaje de lo que es el Coaching, de las teorías dentro de la Psicología del que se basa éste y de su aplicabilidad en la Psicología clínica. Se podría definir el Coaching como el proceso interactivo y transparente mediante el cual el Coach o entrenador y la persona o grupo implicados en dicho proceso (Coachee) buscan el camino más eficaz para alcanzar los objetivos fijados usando sus propios recursos y habilidades. Esta definición se asemeja al rol que psicólogo y cliente adoptarían en las sesiones. Por lo cual, la psicología clínica ha empezado a interesarse por el proceso de Coaching en psicoterapia cómo una herramienta más a utilizar dentro de nuestro campo. De ahí la conveniencia de elaborar un modelo de intervención integrador con la inclusión del Coaching en población clínica. El “coaching” se hace interesante para la Psicología porque es una manera de intervenir con una persona. Esta manera de intervenir, propia del “coaching”, se aplica en los contextos naturales de la persona. En estos contextos naturales es donde se desarrolla e interacciona la persona con su medio. Es decir, que este modo de actuar con las técnicas adecuadas a cada caso se podría considerar muy positivo para aquellas personas que necesiten una intervención aplicada en sus contextos naturales.In this text we talk about Coaching, how it is based on psychological theories and its applicability in clinical psychology. The Coaching could be defined as the interactive and transparent process throught which the coach is the trainer and the coachee is the person that searches the better way to find his objective using its own resources and abilities. This definition is similar to the roll that psychologist and client would adopt in the sessions. Thus, clinical psychology has begun to be interested in the process of Coaching in psychotherapy, as one tool more to use within our field. Therefore, the convenience to ellaborate a model of intervention integrates coaching in clinical Psychology population. Coaching becomes interesting for psychologists because it is a way of intervention with the person. This way of intervention, own of coaching, it is applied in natural contexts of the person. In this natural contexts it is were the person with her atmosphere is developed and interacted. Therefore, this way to act with the techniques adapted to each case, it would be considered very positive for those people that they need an intervention applied in its natural contexts.peerReviewe

Five microRNAs in Serum Are Able to Differentiate Breast Cancer Patients From Healthy Individuals

Breast cancer is the cancer with the most incidence and mortality in women. microRNAs are emerging as novel prognosis/diagnostic tools. Our aim was to identify a serum microRNA signature useful to predict cancer development. We focused on studying the expression levels of 30 microRNAs in the serum of 96 breast cancer patients vs. 92 control individuals. Bioinformatic studies provide a microRNA signature, designated as a predictor, based on the expression levels of five microRNAs. Then, we tested the predictor in a group of 60 randomly chosen women. Lastly, a proteomic study unveiled the overexpression and downregulation of proteins differently expressed in the serum of breast cancer patients vs. that of control individuals. Twenty-six microRNAs differentiate cancer tissue from healthy tissue, and 16 microRNAs differentiate the serum of cancer patients from that of the control group. The tissue expression of miR-99a, miR-497, miR-362, and miR-1274, and the serum levels of miR-141 correlated with patient survival. Moreover, the predictor consisting of miR-125b, miR-29c, miR-16, miR-1260, and miR-451 was able to differentiate breast cancer patients from controls. The predictor was validated in 20 new cases of breast cancer patients and tested in 60 volunteer women, assigning 11 out of 60 women to the cancer group. An association of low levels of miR-16 with a high content of CD44 protein in serum was found. Circulating microRNAs in serum can represent biomarkers for cancer prediction. Their clinical relevance and the potential use of the predictor here described are discussed

Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing in improving lipid level in patients with dyslipidemia assisted by general practitioners: Dislip-EM study protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The non-pharmacological approach to cholesterol control in patients with hyperlipidemia is based on the promotion of a healthy diet and physical activity. Thus, to help patients change their habits, it is essential to identify the most effective approach. Many efforts have been devoted to explain changes in or adherence to specific health behaviors. Such efforts have resulted in the development of theories that have been applied in prevention campaigns, and that include brief advice and counseling services. Within this context, Motivational Interviewing has proven to be effective in changing health behaviors in specific cases. However, more robust evidence is needed on the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing in treating chronic pathologies -such as dyslipidemia- in patients assisted by general practitioners. This article describes a protocol to assess the effectiveness of MI as compared with general practice (brief advice), with the aim of improving lipid level control in patients with dyslipidemia assisted by a general practitioner.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>An open, two-arm parallel, multicentre, cluster, controlled, randomized, clinical trial will be performed. A total of 48-50 general practitioners from 35 public primary care centers in Spain will be randomized and will recruit 436 patients with dyslipidemia. They will perform an intervention based either on Motivational Interviewing or on the usual brief advice. After an initial assessment, follow-ups will be performed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 months. Primary outcomes are lipid levels (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides) and cardiovascular risk. The study will assess the degree of dietary and physical activity improvement, weight loss in overweight patients, and adherence to treatment guidelines.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Motivational interview skills constitute the primary strategies GPs use to treat their patients. Having economical, simple, effective and applicable techniques is essential for primary care professionals to help their patients change their lifestyle and improve their health. This study will provide scientific evidence on the effectiveness of Motivational interviewing, and will be performed under strict control over the data collected, ensuring the maintenance of therapeutic integrity.</p> <p>Trials Registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov (<a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01282190">NCT01282190</a>).</p

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Utilización de un SIG para la evaluación de la potencialidad agrológica en la comarca de Tierra de Alba (Salamanca)

Los SIG, aunque ya extendidos en otros ámbitos, han tardado en implantarse en el mundo agrario. El presente trabajo se fundamenta en la utilización de un SIG, que va a actuar como una valiosa herramienta de ayuda en la toma de decisiones y en la gestión de las diferentes actividades agropecuarias, a partir de la evaluación de la potencialidad agrológica, en la comarca de Tierra de Alba (Salamanca, España)

Utilización de un SIG para la evaluación de la potencialidad agrológica en la comarca de Tierra de Alba (Salamanca)

Los SIG, aunque ya extendidos en otros ámbitos, han tardado en implantarse en el mundo agrario. El presente trabajo se fundamenta en la utilización de un SIG, que va a actuar como una valiosa herramienta de ayuda en la toma de decisiones y en la gestión de las diferentes actividades agropecuarias, a partir de la evaluación de la potencialidad agrológica, en la comarca de Tierra de Alba (Salamanca, España)