The trends and dependencies between air and water temperatures in lakes in northern Poland in 1961?2000

International audienceOver 40 years, from 1961?2000, daily mean values of surface lake water temperatures at 0.4 m depth in six lakes in northern Poland were recorded with nearby mean daily air temperatures at 2 m. Air temperatures increased on average from 0.020 to 0.025°C year?1 while lake-water temperatures varied more but increased by 0.005 to 0.028°C year-1. For shorter periods (for instance, for 10 days) the pattern of trend directions and values was more complex, depending on the morphometric and trophic conditions of the lakes. It has been concluded that changes in lake water temperatures during climate warming may be documented by studies of lakes located relatively closely together (up to 300 kilometres). Keywords: physical limnology, climate changes, lake water, temperatur

The Usefulness of Archival Cartographic Materials in the Legal Classification of Lakes in Poland

he study documents usefulness of archival cartographic materials for the classification of lakes in accordance with the Polish law. The differences in the hydrological and normative classifications of lakes are, therefore, discussed. Moreover, special attention was drawn to diverse presentation of the elements of the hydrographic network in the individual maps. Despite the established high usefulness of maps for the classification of lakes, field observations are recommended to verify the conclusions formed on the grounds of desk studies

Lake surface temperature [in “State of the Climate in 2017”]

Observed lake surface water temperature anomalies in 2017 are placed in the context of the recent warming observed in global surface air temperature by collating long-term in situ lake surface temperature observations from some of the world’s best-studied lakes and a satellite-derived global lake surface water temperature dataset. The period 1996–2015, 20 years for which satellite-derived lake temperatures are available, is used as the base period for all lake temperature anomaly calculations

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

Lake surface water temperature [in “State of the Climate in 2019”]

Regional Climates is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2019 annual report. Compiled by NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate in 2019 is based on contributions from scientists from around the world. It provides a detailed update on global climate indicators, notable weather events, and other data collected by environmental monitoring stations and instruments located on land, water, ice, and in space.Universidad de Costa Rica/[805-B9-454]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI

Elevated temperatures drive the evolution of armour loss in the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus

1. While there is evidence of genetic and phenotypic responses to climate change, few studies have demonstrated change in functional traits with a known genetic basis. 2. Here we present evidence for an evolutionary adaptive response to elevated temperatures in freshwater populations of the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. 3. Using a unique set of historical data and museum specimens, in combination with contemporary samples, we fitted a Bayesian spatial model to identify a population-level decline in the number of lateral bony plates, comprising anti-predator armour, in multiple populations of sticklebacks over the last 91 years in Poland. 4. Armor loss was predicted by elevated temperatures and is proposed to be a correlated response to selection for reduced body size. 5. This study demonstrates a change in a functional trait of known genetic basis in response to elevated temperature, and illustrates the utility of the threespine stickleback as a model for measuring the evolutionary and ecological impacts of environmental change across the northern hemisphere

SELECTED PROBLEMS OF LAKES MANAGEMENT IN POLISH WATER LAW RELATED TO THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN POLISH AND EUROPEAN UNION LEGISLATION

Proper management of water resources has got significant social and economic dimension. For this reason, it is an essential element of almost every national law, European Union law, and also international law in a broad sense. Legislative authority, during legislature process, should allway s balance private and public interests to adopt compromised solutions. Furthermore these solutions must be determined mostly by hydrology to be appropriate to the nature of waters and environment. Because of mentioned issues, it is very undesirable state of affairs when law simply does not fit to the object of its regulation. In Water Law Act of 2001 Polish legislator classifies lakes, depending upon the type of watercourse (natural or man-made) flowing into or out of the lake, among either flowing water or stagnant one. This regulation is against hydrological classification of lakes. Moreover this legal act introduces different treatment of dammed lakes in the context of public access to the lakeshores. Indicated problems have got significant impact on many aspects such as ownership of lakes, obligations of the owners of the lakes, lakes and environmental protection and, mentioned above, right to public acces to the lakes