193 research outputs found
Properties of large area ErBa2Cu3O(7-x) thin films deposited by ionized cluster beams
ErBa2Cu3O(7-x) films have been produced by simultaneous deposition of Er, Ba, and Cu from three ionized cluster beam (ICB) sources at acceleration voltages of 0.3 to 0.5 kV. Combining ozone oxidation with ICB deposition at 650 C eliminated any need of post annealing processing. The substrates were rotated at 10 rotations per minute during the deposition which took place at a rate of about 3 to 4 nm. Films with areas up to 70 mm in diameter have been made by ICB deposition. These films, 100 nm thick, were deposited on SrTiO3 (100) substrates at 650 C in a mixture of six percent O3 in O2 at a total pressure of 4 x 10(exp -4) Torr. They had T(sub c) ranging from 84.3 K to 86.8 K over a 70 mm diameter and J(sub c) above 10(exp 6) A/sq cm at 77 K. X ray diffraction measurements of the three samples showed preferential c-axis orientation normal to the substrate surface. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the three samples also show some texture dependence on sample position. For the three samples, there is a correlation between SEM texture, full width at half-maximum of rocking curves and J(sub c) versus temperature curves
The design of a gammaâray burst polarimeter
The study of the polarization properties of the gammaâray bursts is the one remaining unexplored avenue of research which may help to answer some of the fundamental problems regarding the nature of these mysterious objects. We have designed an instrument to measure linear polarization in cosmic gammaâray bursts at energies âł50 keV. Here we describe the design of this instrument, which we call the Gammaâray Burst Polarimeter Experiment (GRAPE)
Emergency Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, Injunctive, and Declaratory Relief - Class Action
As a tragic combination of infectious and deadly, COVID-19 poses a once-in-a-lifetime threat on a worldwide scale. Every state and territory in the United States has now been impacted, with nearly half a million cases and over 20,000 deaths reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Even under ordinary conditions, each person who contracts this illness can be expected to infect between 2 and 3 others.
Cramped, overcrowded prisons amplify this threat. With thousands of people literally stacked on top of each other and unable to move around without rubbing shoulders, such environments are fundamentally incompatible with medically-indicated social distancing and hygiene protocols. As a result, they present a grave threat not only to prisoners and staff, but also to the broader community by enabling the spread of COVID-19 both inside and outside the prison walls.
This danger is playing out with disastrous consequences in Elkton Federal Correctional Institution ( FCI Elkton ), a low-security federal correctional institution with an adjacent low security satellite prison ( FSL Elkton ), collectively described as Elkton. As of April 12, 2020, at least 3 prisoners have died, and scores of prisoners and staff have reportedly been hospitalized, including more than a dozen who have needed ventilators to stay alive. These numbers will continue to grow exponentially. Despite knowing the risks to prisoners, staff, and the community, Elkton has failed to provide meaningful protection against the spread of the disease. Prisoners are still clustered together in confined spaces with limited access to hygiene and inadequate ventilation
The Role and Responsibility of Defense Counsel
How does a defense attorney\u27s role change when defending a high-profile client? Beyond traditional legal defense, must a modern defense attorney seek to protect a client\u27s public image? When speaking with the media, what rules, if any, should constrain a defense attorney\u27s behavior? Does media coverage affect the fairness of a trial?
These are some of the questions dealt with in Panel #4: The Role Of Defense Counsel, moderated by Robert Mosteller, and featuring Laurie Levenson, Michael Tigar and Harold Haddon.
Laurie Levenson begins the discussion by outlining some of the rules governing attorney behavior in the media, with special emphasis on the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct. Next, Michael Tigar discusses how the press has traditionally served as a watchdog against government misconduct in high-profile cases, and how media coverage of cases from his own career has helped his clients. Lastly, Harold Haddon provides a word of caution about the dangers attorneys face in using the media in high-profile cases and discusses how media coverage can hurt defendants by leading to premature public judgment. Questions/themes/discussion topics ABA Model Rule of Professional Conduct 3.6: Trial Publicity Attorney conduct not prohibited by ABA MRPC 3.6 Media gag orders Allowing video cameras in the courtroom Proposed rules to govern legal commentators unconnected to a proceeding Historic instances of media coverage acting as a judicial watchdog Examples of media coverage aiding defendants in high-profile cases The effect of defense attorney\u27 statements on the public perception of defendants The difficulty of changing public perception of a defendant\u27s guilt or innocenc
Petitioners\u27 Reply Memorandum in Support of Their Emergency Petetion for a Writ of Habeas Corpus
In the roughly 120 hours since Petitioners filed their emergency petition for a writ of habeas corpus, the death toll at Elkton has doubled, and the number of BOP-confirmed COVID-19 cases among prisoners has tripled. About three dozen corrections staff have tested positive for the virus, a number that has also tripled since this case was filed. Elkton now accounts for more than one-third of all prisoner deaths from COVID-19 in federal prisons nationwide, and over half of the COVID-19 deaths in Columbiana County, making it one of the deadliest places a person can live in the current pandemic. According to one source, 32 prisoners have been hospitalized, including 16 requiring ventilators. Meanwhile, Respondents âhave yet to come up with a good, sound criteria of how they are going to actually start the testingâ of prisoners, much less a plan for social distancing, release, or transfer. Two weeks after the Attorney General exhorted Respondents to âimmediately reviewâ all prisoners with COVID-19 risk factors and âimmediately transfer themâ after quarantine, a mere six of the 2,400 prisoners at Elkton, or 0.25%, have been approved.
Elkton has become an epicenter of COVID-19, and continued confinement will mean a sentence of death, permanently damaged organs, or unnecessary suffering for more residents. Respondentsâ lack of effective action constitutes deliberate indifference to serious medical need. This Court is empowered to provide a process for the necessary releasesâthe only means by which prisonersâ Eighth Amendment rights can be vindicated. The nature of that authority, under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 or alternatively 28 U.S.C. § 1331, is explained further in Section III below
Psychometric properties of the Emotion Awareness Questionnaire for children
In order to broaden the alexithymia concept, we identified six aspects in a newly developed questionnaire for children which aims to measure emotion awareness: Differentiating Emotions, Verbal Sharing of Emotions, Bodily Awareness, Acting Out Emotions, Analyses of Emotions, and Others? Emotions. First, the six-factor structure of this Emotion Awareness Questionnaire was identified in children (692 children, 9-16 years old), although the scale Acting Out Emotions showed poor psychometric properties. Second, the predictive validity of the Emotion Awareness Questionnaire showed promise with respect to self-reported somatic complaints (in samples from two different countries, the UK and the Netherlands), depression and worry. Only Acting Out Emotions did not contribute to any of the criterion variables whilst Bodily Awareness and Others? Emotions contributed in the unexpected direction. It is proposed that the Emotion Awareness Questionnaire could help to identify which specific elements of emotional (dys)functioning are related to different kinds of psychological problems
Contribution of Lensed SCUBA Galaxies to the Cosmic Infrared Background
The surface density of submillimeter (sub-mm) galaxies as a function of flux,
usually termed the source number counts, constrains models of the evolution of
the density and luminosity of starburst galaxies. At the faint end of the
distribution, direct detection and counting of galaxies are not possible.
However, gravitational lensing by clusters of galaxies allows detection of
sources which would otherwise be too dim to study. We have used the largest
catalog of sub-mm-selected sources along the line of sight to galaxy clusters
to estimate the faint end of the 850 micron number counts; integrating to S =
0.10 mJy the equivalent flux density at 850 microns is v I_{v} = 0.24 +/- 0.03
nW/m^2/sr. This provides a lower limit to the extragalactic far-infrared
background and is consistent with direct estimates of the full intensity from
the FIRAS. The results presented here can help to guide strategies for upcoming
surveys carried out with single dish sub-mm instruments.Comment: v3 matches published manuscript; small grammatical and typographical
changes from v
Ethnographies of Power
What does it mean to work with radical concepts in our time of rampant inequality, imperial-capitalist plunder, racial/sexual/class violence and ecocide? When concepts from the past seem inadequate, how do scholars and activists concerned with social change decide what concepts to work with or renew? The contributors to Ethnographies of Power address these questions head on.
Gillian Hart is a key thinker in radical political economy, geography, development studies, agrarian studies and Gramscian critique of postcolonial capitalism. In Ethnographies of Power each contributor engages her work and applies it to their own field of study.
These applied concepts include: âgendered labourâ practices among South African workers, reading âracial capitalismâ through agrarian debates, using ârelational comparisonâ in an ethnography of schooling across Durban, reworking âmultiple socio-spatial trajectoriesâ in Guatemalaâs Maya Biosphere Reserve, critiquing the notion of South Africaâs âsecond economyâ, revisiting âdevelopmentâ processes and âDevelopmentâ discourses in US military contracting, reconsidering Gramsciâs âconjuncturesâ geographically, finding divergent âarticulationsâ in Cape Town land occupations, and exploring ânationalismâ as central to revaluing recyclables at a Soweto landfill.
Ethnographies of Power offers an invaluable toolkit for activists and scholars engaged in sharpening their critical concepts for the social and environmental change necessary for our collective future
High Spectral Resolution Observations of the Massive Stars in the Galactic Center
We present high-resolution near-infrared spectra, obtained with the NIRSPEC
spectrograph on the W. M. Keck II Telescope, of a collection of hot, massive
stars within the central 25 arcseconds of the Galactic center. We have
identified a total of twenty-one emission-line stars, seven of which are new
radial velocity detections with five of those being classified as He I
emission-line stars for the first time. These stars fall into two categories
based on their spectral properties: 1) those with narrow 2.112, 2.113 micron He
I doublet absorption lines, and 2) those with broad 2.058 micron He I emission
lines. These data have the highest spectral resolution ever obtained for these
sources and, as a result, both components of the absorption doublet are
separately resolved for the first time. We use these spectral features to
measure radial velocities. The majority of the measured radial velocities have
relative errors of 20 kms, smaller than those previously obtained with
proper-motion or radial velocity measurements for similar stellar samples in
the Galactic center. The radial velocities estimated from the He I absorption
doublet are more robust than those previously estimated from the 2.058 micron
emission line, since they do not suffer from confusion due to emission from the
surrounding ISM. Using this velocity information, we agree that the stars are
orbiting in a somewhat coherent manner but are not as defined into a disk or
disks as previously thought. Finally, multi-epoch radial velocity measurements
for IRS 16NE show a change in its velocity presumably due to an unseen stellar
companion.Comment: ApJ accepted, 42 pages, 16 figure
Blazar 3C 454.3 in Outburst and Quiescence During 2005-2007: Two Variable Synchrotron Emission Peaks
We monitored the flaring blazar 3C 454.3 during 2005 June-July with the
Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS: 15 epochs), Infrared Array Camera (IRAC: 12
epochs) and Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS: 2 epochs). We also made Spitzer
IRS, IRAC, and MIPS observations from 2006 December-2007 January when the
source was in a low state, the latter simultaneous with a single Chandra X-ray
observation. In addition, we present optical and sub-mm monitoring data. The
2005-2007 period saw 3 major outbursts. We present evidence that the
radio-optical SED actually consists of two variable synchrotron peaks, the
primary at IR and the secondary at sub-mm wavelengths. The lag between the
optical and sub-mm outbursts may indicate that these two peaks arise from two
distinct regions along the jet separated by a distance of 0.07-5 pc. The flux
at 5-35 microns varied by a factor of 40 and the IR peak varied in frequency
from <1E13 Hz to 4E13 Hz between the highest and lowest states in 2005 and
2006, respectively. Variability was well correlated across the mid-IR band,
with no measurable lag. Flares that doubled in flux occurred on a time scale of
3 days. The IR SED peak moved to higher frequency as a flare brightened, then
returned to lower frequency as it decayed. The fractional variability amplitude
increased with frequency, which we attribute to decreasing synchrotron-self
absorption optical depth. Mid-IR flares may signal the re-energization of a
shock that runs into inhomogeneities along the pre-existing jet or in the
external medium. The synchrotron peak frequencies during each major outburst
may depend upon both the distance from the jet apex and the physical conditions
in the shocks. Variation of the Doppler parameter along a curved or helical jet
is another possibility. Frequency variability of the IR synchrotron peak may
have important consequences for the interpretation of the blazar sequence, and
the presence of a secondary peak may give insight into jet structure.Comment: 38 pages, 15 figures, submitted to ApJS, comments welcom
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