Redes de empresas : proposta de uma tipologia para classificação aplicada na indústria de cerâmica de revestimento

Este artigo se insere no contexto da atualização da temática das redes de empresas presente na Academia nestes tempos. Seu objetivo é propor uma tipologia para a classificação das redes de empresas. Esta tipologia deriva da literatura consultada e dos casos estudados, vinculando-a a quatro indicadores: direcionalidade, localização, formalização e poder. Para a ilustração da aplicação desta tipologia foram consideradas três redes dentro da indústria de cerâmica de revestimento, duas no Brasil e uma na Espanha. A partir dos dados levantados com distintos instrumentos, como questionários, entrevistas não dirigidas e pesquisa bibliográfica, pôde-se aplicar a tipologia e inferir sobre a especificidade de cada rede e seu grau de aproximação com aquela considerada mais ajustada à tipologia proposta. Este exercício mostrou as diferenças entre essas redes, como, por exemplo, o fato de em uma mesma indústria, e até dentro de um mesmo país, as redes podem ser estruturas singulares e similares ao mesmo tempo. Mostrou também que, utilizando uma rede como referência, pode-se analisar a aproximação de outras redes de empresas a essa referência. A proposta ampliou a leitura de classificação que vinha sendo aplicada para além dos eixos de direcionalidade e formalização. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis article searches a contribution to actualize on firms networking theme existing on Academy nowadays. Its objective is to propose a classification typology to firm network. This typology comes from bibliographical research and from three clusters studied of ceramic tile industry, two on Brazil and one in Spain. The proposition links the clusters to four indicators: directionality; localization; formalization and power. Methodological proceedings were survey to CEOs; and supporting institutions; and bibliographical research. Results have shown each network specificity and its distance to more appropriate cluster according to typology. This work showed differences among networks such, in the same industry and country, two networks can be similar and singular at the same time. Also, using a network as reference, it was possible analyzing other networks to this one according to its characteristics. This proposition makes a contribution to network classification beyond directionality and formalization axis

Development of an Activity Patterns Scale (APS)

Six activity patterns were identified across various self-report measures in participants with chronic pain: Pain Avoidance, Activity Avoidance; Task Contingent Persistence; Excessive Persistence, Pain Contingent Persistence and Pacing (Kindermans et al., 2011). It was proposed that instruments assessing “pacing” should include items addressing one specific pacing behavior (breaking tasks into smaller pieces; taking frequent short rests and speeding up or slowing down) with a single goal (increasing activity level, conserve energy for valued activities and pain reduction) (Nielson et al., 2013). The aim of the present study was to develop an instrument to assess the activity patterns identified by Kindermans et al. (2011). The instrument also included three pacing scales one for each of the aforementioned goals. Methods A sample of 229 patients with fibromyalgia and 62 suffering other rheumatic diseases answered online the APS and the “Patterns of Activity Measure-Pain” (POAM-P) (Cane et al., 2007). Three alternative factor structures were tested by confirmatory factor analyses performed via structural equation modelling. . Results The structure with the best fit had 8 factors corresponding to the hypothesized scales: Pain Avoidance (α=.60), Activity Avoidance (α=.60); Task Contingent Persistence (α=.81); Excessive Persistence (α=.84), Pain Contingent Persistence (α=.70), Pacing for increasing activity (α=.76), Pacing for energy conservation (α=.72) and Pacing for pain reduction (α=.65). The correlations with the POAM-P scales were high and in the postulated direction. Conclusions The APS showed adequate reliability and structural validity. According to these results, Avoidance, Persistence and Pacing seem to be multidimensional constructs.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Characterizing the hydrogeochemistry of two low-temperature thermal systems in Central Mexico

Two low-temperature geothermal systems located at the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt with presence of fluoride and arsenic were studied with the aim to determine hydrogeochemical indicators of the toxic elements' presence, and to propose adequate geothermometers. The hydrogeological and geochemical study was carried out in Ixtapan de la Sal and Tonatico (IxS-T) and Santa Cruz de Juventino Rosas (JR), both located at the limits of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). In these regions, low-temperature geothermal activity is present (T = 32–47 °C), and various fault and fracture systems have been identified. Several faults are active, enabling the upward flow of deep geothermal water. The geothermal waters of IxS-T manifest in the form of springs and have high Na+ and Cl− concentrations, whereas those of JR are captured in wells and mainly present high Na+ and HCO3 – concentrations. The hydrochemistry of water samples was analyzed to determine the dominant hydrogeochemical processes in both regions. These data were also useful for understanding the natural origin of the high levels of arsenic and fluoride reported in the water, which are likely due to mineral dissolution processes. The concentrations of these elements surpassed the permissible limits according to Mexican law (Astot = 0.025 mg/L; F− = 1.5 mg/L) and represent a toxicity risk for the local populations. The groundwater at JR supplies all needs of the local population, while the water at IxS-T is mainly used for recreational and health spa purposes. Increasing trends of As and F− in the sedimentary aquifer of IxS-T are related with the increase in TDS, Cl−, HCO3 – and SiO2, while silicate alteration releasing Na and HCO3 – are related with As and F− presence in the volcanic aquifer of JR. Reservoir temperature was adequately estimated with K2 /Mg and Na-K-Ca (Mg corrected) geothermometers at IxS-T, and with chalcedony and quartz geothermometers at JRUAEM 3716/201

Función y simbología del agua en La guitare de Michel del Castillo

[EN] The spatial context in which the misfortunes of the main character take place includes several aquatic elements. La guitare is a novel written by Michel del Castillo in 1958. This analysis aims to identify and to evaluate the symbolic value of the sea and the rain in the tragic destiny of the main character. The sea, which is omnipresent in the Galician landscape where the action takes place, is presented, on the one hand, like an evil and violent goddess and, on the other hand, like a seducer and dangerous Siren. Besides, the rain contributes to create that prisonlike space which exhausts the soul of the main character. The monotonous rainy days lead him, inevitable, to a never-ending foredoom. The main character, rejected and isolated by everybody, due to his deformity and ugliness, becomes a victim of the tragedy of being different. His guitar, in which he places all of his hope to reach the communion with the others, will not be able either to defeat the deadly forces of his faith. In La guitare Michel del Castillo presents a tragic story about the fact of being different and the subsequent rejection. Thus, he also considers the identity crisis and the identity crisis of the exiled people, like him, who was born in Spain but had to go into exile in France.[ES] Diferentes elementos acuáticos intervienen en la recreación del decorado donde tienen lugar las desventuras del protagonista de La guitare de Michel del Castillo (1958). Este análisis se propone identificar e interpretar el valor simbólico del mar y de la lluvia en el futuro trágico del protagonista. El mar, omnipresente en el paisaje gallego que sirve de marco a la acción, es presentado, por un lado, como una divinidad femenina maléfica y violenta y, por otro lado, como una sirena seductora y peligrosa. La lluvia contribuye, igualmente, a recrear ese espacio carcelario que abruma el alma del protagonista. Los monótonos días de lluvia conducen, sin remedio, a un hastío eterno. El protagonista, rechazado y asilado por todos, debido a su deformidad y fealdad, se convierte en víctima del drama de la diferencia. Su guitarra, en la que pone todas sus esperanzas para alcanzar una comunión con los otros, tampoco podrá vencer a las fuerzas mortíferas de su destino. En La guitare Michel del Castillo presenta un relato trágico sobre el hecho de ser diferente y el rechazo que eso provoca. De este modo reflexiona también sobre la identidad y la crisis de la identidad de los exiliados, como él mismo, de origen español y exiliado en Francia.[FR] Plusieurs éléments aquatiques servent à créer le contexte spatial où ont lieu les mésaventures du nain difforme protagoniste de La guitare de Michel de Castillo (1958). Cette analyse vise à identifier et interpréter la valeur symbolique de la mer et de la pluie dans le devenir tragique du protagoniste. La mer, omniprésente dans le paysage galicien où se déroule l’action, est présentée, d’un côté, comme une déesse malfaisante et violente et, d’un autre côté, comme une sirène séduisante et dangereuse. La pluie contribue, également, à créer cette ambiance carcérale qui épuise l’âme du protagoniste. Les monotones jours de pluie mènent, fatalement, à une lassitude éternelle. Le protagoniste, refusé et isolé par tous, à cause de sa difformité et sa laideur, devient victime de la tragédie de la différence. Sa guitare, en laquelle il place tous ses espoirs pour atteindre la communion avec les autres, ne pourra pas non plus vaincre les forces meurtrières de son destin. Dans La guitare, Michel del Castillo présente un récit tragique sur le fait d’être différent et le refus que cela suscite. En faisant cela, il réfléchit aussi sur l’identité et la crise de l’identité des exilés, comme lui-même, d’origine espagnole et exilé en FranceMorales Peco, M.; Pisa Cañete, MT. (2017). Función y simbología del agua en La guitare de Michel del Castillo. En Palabras e imaginarios del agua. Les mots et les imaginaires de léau. XXV coloquio AFUE. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 529-535. https://doi.org/10.4995/XXVColloqueAFUE.2016.3038OCS52953

Environmental exposure to chlorpyrifos during gestation, APOE polymorphism and the risk on autistic-like behaviors

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses several neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by communication and social impairment, as well as repetitive patterns of behavior. However, it can co-occur with other mental conditions such as anxiety. The massive use of chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been linked to the increased prevalence of developmental disorders. Likewise, ASD has also been closely linked to a wide variety of genetic factors. The aims of the present investigation are to study how gestational CPF exposure and APOE polymorphism affects communication skills, early development and mid-term anxiety-like behaviors, as well as, changes in gene expression related to the cholinergic system. C57BL/6J and humanized apoE3 and apoE4 homozygous mice were exposed to 0 or 1 mg/kg/day of CPF through the diet, from gestational day (GD) 12-18. In addition, a group of C57BL/6J females were injected subcutaneously with 300 mg/kg/day of valproic acid (VPA) on GD 12 and 13. This group was used as a positive control for studying some core and associated autism-like behaviors. Communication skills by means of ultrasonic vocalizations and physical/motor development were assessed during the preweaning period, whereas locomotor activity, anxiety-like behaviors and the gene expression of cholinergic elements were evaluated during adolescence. Our results showed that C57BL/6J mice prenatally exposed to CPF or VPA showed a decrease in body weight and a delay in eye opening. Communication and anxiety behavior were affected differently depending on treatment, while gene expression was altered by sex and treatment. In addition, none of the parameters evaluated in apoE transgenic mice exposed to CPF were affected, but there were differences between genotypes. Therefore, we suggest that prenatal CPF exposure and VPA produce divergent effects on communication and anxiety. Keywords: APOE genotype; Anxiety; Autism; Chlorpyrifos; Cholinergic system; Development; Ultrasonic vocalizations

Análisis del discurso de género en las matrices curriculares de las Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte

En este trabajo se pretende analizar cómo se ha introducido la perspectiva de género en el currículum universitario, y más específicamente, en el grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis de contenido y de discurso de 763 guías docentes procedentes de 16 universidades españolas. Los resultados ponen de relevancia como la construcción del conocimiento, y las diversas formas como se puede transmitir conlleva distintas implicaciones para la mayor o menor transformación de las relaciones de género. Las aportaciones de este estudio pueden ser útiles para el diseño de propuestas pedagógicas que pretenden incluir la perspectiva de género y fomentar la transformación social desde la formación universitariaThis paper aims to analyze how gender perspective has been introduced in the higher education curriculum, specifcally in the Physical Activity and Sport Sciences degree. Content analysis and discourse analysis of 763 syllabuses from 16 Spanish public universities were carried out. Findings reveal that construction of knowledge and the several ways it can be conveyed have distinct implications on changing gender relations. The article contributes to the design of new pedagogical proposals that aim to include the gender perspective and promote social changes from higher education.En este trabajo se pretende analizar cómo se ha introducido la perspectiva de género en el currículum universitario, y más específcamente, en el grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis de contenido y de discurso de 763 guías docentes procedentes de 16 universidades españolas. Los resultados ponen de relevancia como la construcción del conocimiento, y las diversas formas como se puede transmitir conlleva distintas implicaciones para la mayor o menor transformación de las relaciones de género. Las aportaciones de este estudio pueden ser útiles para el diseño de propuestas pedagógicas que pretenden incluir la perspectiva de género y fomentar la transformación social desde la formación universitariaEste trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a introdução da perspectiva de gênero no currículo universitário e, mais especificamente, no grau de Ciências da Atividade Física e do Desporto. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo e discurso de 763 guias de ensino de 16 universidades espanholas. Os resultados mostram como a construção do conhecimento, e as várias maneiras de transmissão trazem implicações diferentes para o grau de transformação das relações de gênero. As contribuições deste estudo podem ser úteis para a concepção de propostas educativas que visam incluir a perspectiva de gênero e promover a transformação social do ensino universitári

Bertso-eskolak: alderdi sozio-emozionalaren garrantzia ahalduntze prozesuan

The teaching of bertsolaritza focused on acquisition of the technique and traditionally bertsolaritza has been an activity of men (Larrañaga 2013: 41). However, there have been changes in society, which have influenced the system of bertsolaritza and teach methods. In this work we wanted to know what kind of methodology current women bertsolaris and teachers use in verse schools and formal education and how they manage the Socio-emotional aspect and the empowerment process, focusing on their discourses and practices. To this end, 10 in-depth interviews and 16 observations were made. Among the results it can be seen the development of emotional intelligence, both personal and group; the gender perspective has been embedded in both formal and non-formal education, and teachers are trying to empower all students to become active agents.Hasierako bertsolaritzaren irakaskuntza teknikaren jabekuntzan zentratzen zen eta tradizionalki bertsolaritza gizonen jarduera izan da (Larrañaga 2013: 41). Mende aldaketarekin batera ordea, gizartean aldaketak egon dira, eta aldaketa horiek bertsolaritzaren sisteman eta ikaskuntzan isla eta eragina izan dituzte. Lan honetan egungo emakume bertsolari eta irakasleek bertso-eskoletan eta hezkuntza arautuan zer-nolako metodologia erabiltzen duten eta alderdi sozio-emozionala eta ahalduntze prozesua zelan kudeatzen dituzten ezagutu nahi izan dugu, euren diskurtso eta praktikei arreta jarriz. Horretarako 10 elkarrizketa sakon eta 16 behaketa egin dira. Emaitzen artean ikus daiteke adimen emozionalaren lanketa egiten dela, bai pertsonala bai taldekoa; genero perspektiba esparru formal eta ez formaletan txertatu dela, eta irakasleak ikasle guztiak ahalduntzen saiatzen direla, ikasleak bide horretan agente aktibo bihurtze aldera

Proline cis-​trans isomerization and its implications for the dimerization of analogues of cyclopeptide stylostatin 1: a combined computational and experimental study

Cis and trans proline conformers are often associated with dramatic changes in the biological function of peptides. A slow equilibrium between cis and trans Ile-Pro amide bond conformers occurs in constrained derivatives of the native marine cyclic heptapeptide stylostatin 1 (cyclo-(NSLAIPF)), a potential anticancer agent. In this work, four cyclopeptides, cyclo-(NSTAIPF), cyclo-(KSTAIPF), cyclo-(RSTAIPF) and cyclo-(DSTAIPF), which are structurally related to stylostatin 1, are experimentally and computationally examined in order to assess the effect of residue mutations on the cis-trans conformational ratio and the apparent capacity to form dimeric aggregates. Primarily, cyclo-(KSTAIPF) and cyclo-(RSTAIPF) showed specific trends in circular dichroism, MALDI-TOF and HPLC purification experiments, which suggests the occurrence of peptide dimerization. Meanwhile, the NMR spectrum of cyclo-(KSTAIPF) indicates that this cyclopeptide exists in the two slow-exchange families of conformations mentioned above. Molecular dynamics simulations combined with quantum mechanical calculations have shed light on the factors governing the cis/trans conformational ratio. In particular, we have found that residue mutations affect the internal hydrogen bond pattern which ultimately tunes the cis/trans conformational ratio and that only trans conformers are capable of aggregating due to the shape complementarity of the two subunits

Toll-like Receptor Signaling-deficient Cells Enhance Antitumor Activity of Cell-based Immunotherapy by Increasing Tumor Homing

Cancer immunotherapy aims to activate the immune system. Some immunotherapeutic agents can be loaded in carrier cells for delivering to the tumors. However, a challenge with cell-based therapies is the selection of the appropriate cells to produce effective clinical outcomes. We hypothesize that therapies based on cells presenting a natural low proinflammatory profile ("silent cells") in the peripheral blood would result in better antitumor responses by increasing their homing to the tumor site. We studied our hypothesis in an immunotherapy model consisting of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) carrying oncolytic adenoviruses for the treatment of immunocompetent mice. Toll-like receptor signaling-deficient cells (TLR4, TLR9, or MyD88 knockout) were used as "silent cells," while regular MSCs were used as control. Although in vitro migration was similar in regular and knockout carrier cells, in vivo tumor homing of silent cells was significantly higher after systemic administration. This better homing to the tumor site was highly related to the mild immune response triggered by these silent cells in peripheral blood. As a result, the use of silent cells significantly improved the antitumor efficacy of the treatment in comparison with the use of regular MSCs. While cancer immunotherapies generally aim to boost local immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, low systemic inflammation after systemic administration of the treatment may indeed enhance their tumor homing and improve the overall antitumor effect. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate donor cells as therapeutic carriers in cell-based therapies for cancer treatment. Cells carrying drugs, virus, or other antitumor agents are commonly used for the treatment of cancer. This research shows that silent cells are excellent carriers for immunotherapies, improving tumor homing and enhancing the antitumor effect.This study was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grants PI14CIII/00005, PI17CIII/00013, and ISCIII-PFIS FI18CIII/00017), Consejería de Educación, Juventud y Deporte of Comunidad de Madrid (grant P2017/BMD-3692), Fundación Oncohematología Infantil, Asociación Pablo Ugarte and AFANION, whose support we gratefully acknowledge.S