47 research outputs found

    Acerca de la creatividad. "El Diego" y el lenguaje humano

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    The goal of this essay is to emphasize an analogy between language creativity and the inventive power of Diego Armando Maradona’s football. Accordingly, we develop some syntactic and semantic remarks concerning sequences like el Diego, in which there is proper noun preceded by a definite article. The essay tries to show that in these phrases the proper noun presents characteristics, features and properties of the referred entity. This process would show that the proper noun is recategorized as a common noun and, as such can hence be combined with a definite article.En este ensayo, nuestro objetivo es enfatizar una analogía entre la creatividad lingüística y la potencia inventora del fútbol de Diego Armando Maradona. Para ello, y a modo ilustrativo, realizamos algunas apreciaciones sintácticas y semánticas respecto de secuencias como el Diego, en las que un sustantivo propio está precedido por un artículo. Intentamos mostrar que en estas secuencias el sustantivo propio se asocia con características, rasgos y propiedades de la entidad a la que dicho sustantivo refiere. Dado este proceso, creemos, el sustantivo propio se recategoriza como sustantivo común y, como tal, se puede combinar con un artículo.AbstractThe goal of this essay is to emphasize an analogy between language creativity and the inventive power of Diego Armando Maradona’s football. Accordingly, we develop some syntactic and semantic remarks concerning sequences like el Diego, in which there is proper noun preceded by a definite article. The essay tries to show that in these phrases the proper noun presents characteristics, features and properties of the referred entity. This process would show that the proper noun is recategorized as a common noun and, as such can hence be combined with a definite article

    Tethered imidazole mediated duplex stabilization and its potential for aptamer stabilization

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    Previous investigations of the impact of an imidazole-tethered thymidine in synthetic DNA duplexes, monitored using UV and NMR spectroscopy, revealed a base context dependent increase in thermal stability of these duplexes and a striking correlation with the imidazolium pK(a). Unrestrained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated the existence of a hydrogen bond between the imidazolium and theHoogsteen side of a nearby guanosine which, together with electrostatic interactions, form the basis of the so-called pK(a)-motif responsible for these duplex-stabilizing and pK(a)-modulating properties. Here, the robustness and utility of this pK(a)-motif was explored by introducing multiple imidazoletethered thymidines at different positions on the same dsDNA duplex. For all constructs, sequence based expectations as to pK(a)-motif formation were supported by MD simulations and experimentally validated using NOESY. Based on the analysis of the pK(a) values and melting temperatures, guidelines are formulated to assist in the rational design of oligonucleotides modified with imidazoliumtethered thymidines for increased thermal stability that should be generally applicable, as demonstrated through a triply modified construct. In addition, a proof-of-principle study demonstrating enhanced stability of the L-argininamide binding aptamer modified with an imidazole-tethered thymidine in the presence and absence of ligand, demonstrates its potential for the design of more stable aptamers

    On creativity: El Diego and the human language

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    En este ensayo, nuestro objetivo es enfatizar una analogía entre la creatividad lingüística y la potencia inventora del fútbol de Diego Armando Maradona. Para ello, y a modo ilustrativo, realizamos algunas apreciaciones sintácticas y semánticas respecto de secuencias como el Diego, en las que un sustantivo propio está precedido por un artículo. Intentamos mostrar que en estas secuencias el sustantivo propio se asocia con características, rasgos y propiedades de la entidad a la que dicho sustantivo refiere. Dado este proceso, creemos, el sustantivo propio se recategoriza como sustantivo común y, como tal, se puede combinar con un artículo.The goal of this essay is to emphasize an analogy between language creativity and the inventive power of Diego Armando Maradona‘s football. Accordingly, we develop some syntactic and semantic remarks concerning sequences like el Diego, in which there is proper noun preceded by a definite article. The essay tries to show that in these phrases the proper noun presents characteristics, features and properties of the referred entity. This process would show that the proper noun is recategorized as a common noun and, as such can hence be combined with a definite article.Fil: Silva Garcés, José Alfonso. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mare, María de Los Angeles. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Patagónico de Estudios de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Patagónico de Estudios de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

    Lumbosacral column arthtodesis with a system's implant

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    Lumbosacral column arthrodesis with bone graft and metallic fixation (A-Systems implant) was carried out in 40 patients with spondylolisthesis and lumbosacral instability of the following types: isthmic-lytic in 13, degenerative in 19, traumatic in 2, pathological in 1, and surgical in 5. Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and late postoperative clinical and radiological evaluation was carried out. Clinical follow-up ranged from 10 to 46 months (mean follow-up: 11 months). Patient's and Physician's overall evaluation showed the following results: good results in 36 (39%) patients; improvement as compared to preoperative condition in 3 (7.5%); unchanged condition in 1 (2.5%); normalized labor capability in 29 (72.5%) patients; improvement of 75% in labor capability in 9 (22.5%) patients; and improvement of 50% in 2 (5%) patients. As for the Prolo rate, an increase to 9-10 (excellent) was seen in 21 (52.5%) patients; an increase to 7 and 8 (good) was seen in 14 (35%); an increase to 5 to 6 (moderate) was found in 5 (12.5%) patients. No patient had a Prolo rate of 2, 3, or 4 (poor). Mean time until return to normal activities ranged from 3 to 12 months (mean: 7 months). As compared to similar methods reported in literature, the implant has been shown to be equaally effective, with the following advantages: simplicity, use at different levels; rigidity following assembly.Foram avaliados 40 pacientes com espondilolistese e instabilidade lombossacra: 13 pacientes do tipo ístmica-lítica, 19 do tipo degenerativa, 2 pacientes do tipo traumática, 1 tipo do patológica, e 5 do tipo cirúrgica, nos quais foram realizadas 40 artrodeses da coluna lombossacra com enxerto ósseo e fixação metálica com o implante A-Systems. A avaliação dos pacientes foi realizada clínica e radiograficamente, nos períodos pré-operatório, pós-operatório imediato e pós-operatório tardio. O tempo de acompanhamento clínico máximo foi de 46 meses, o mínimo de 10 meses, obtendo-se um acompanhamento médio de 11 meses. A avaliação global tanto do ponto vista do paciente como da equipe médica mostrou que: 36 (90%) dos pacientes obtiveram bom resultado; três pacientes (7,5%) apresentaram melhora em relação ao pré-operatório e um paciente (2,5%) não obteve melhora. Vinte e nove pacientes (72,5%) tiveram sua capacidade de trabalho normalizada, nove (22,5%) pacientes tiveram sua capacidade melhorada em 75% e dois (5%) pacientes tiveram a capacidade melhorada em 50%. Vinte e um pacientes (52,5%) tiveram o índice de Prolo aumentado entre 9 e 10 (excelente); 14 (35%) tiveram índice de Prolo aumentado para 7 e 8 (bom); em 5 (12,5%) o índice ficou entre 5 e 6 (regular) e nenhum paciente teve índice 2, 3 ou 4 (mau). O tempo médio de retorno para as atividades normais variou de três a doze meses, com uma média de sete meses. Em comparação com métodos similares relatados pela literatura, o implante mostrou-se tão eficiente quanto eles, com as vantagens da simplicidade, da possibilidade de ser usado em vários níveis e da rigidez após montado.Pontíficia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Hospital São Lucas Serviço de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaSciEL

    El uso de Isertia laevis como percha por Centurio senex (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) en el suroeste de Costa Rica

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    Several species of Phyllostomidae build tents by modifying large leaves of mainly Araceae, Arecaceae and Heliconiaceae (Rodríguez-Herrera et al. 2007). However, little is known about the resting sites of several phytostomids, which is perhaps the first step in understanding the family and social habits of the species.Varias especies de Phyllostomidae construyen tiendas mediante la modificación de hojas grandes de principalmente Araceae, Arecaceae y Heliconiaceae (Rodríguez-Herrera et al. 2007). No obstante, es poco lo que se conoce sobre los sitios de descanso de varios filostómidos, lo cual es quizá el primer paso para entender los hábitos familiares y sociales de las especies

    Microcollinearity in an ethylene receptor coding gene region of the Coffea canephora genome is extensively conserved with Vitis vinifera and other distant dicotyledonous sequenced genomes

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    Background: Coffea canephora, also called Robusta, belongs to the Rubiaceae, the fourth largest angiosperm family. This diploid species (2x = 2n = 22) has a fairly small genome size of approximate to 690 Mb and despite its extreme economic importance, particularly for developing countries, knowledge on the genome composition, structure and evolution remain very limited. Here, we report the 160 kb of the first C. canephora Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clone ever sequenced and its fine analysis. Results: This clone contains the CcEIN4 gene, encoding an ethylene receptor, and twenty other predicted genes showing a high gene density of one gene per 7.8 kb. Most of them display perfect matches with C. canephora expressed sequence tags or show transcriptional activities through PCR amplifications on cDNA libraries. Twenty-three transposable elements, mainly Class II transposon derivatives, were identified at this locus. Most of these Class II elements are Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements (MITE) known to be closely associated with plant genes. This BAC composition gives a pattern similar to those found in gene rich regions of Solanum lycopersicum and Medicago truncatula genomes indicating that the CcEIN4 regions may belong to a gene rich region in the C. canephora genome. Comparative sequence analysis indicated an extensive conservation between C. canephora and most of the reference dicotyledonous genomes studied in this work, such as tomato (S. lycopersicum), grapevine (V. vinifera), barrel medic M. truncatula, black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) and Arabidopsis thaliana. The higher degree of microcollinearity was found between C. canephora and V. vinifera, which belong respectively to the Asterids and Rosids, two clades that diverged more than 114 million years ago. Conclusion: This study provides a first glimpse of C. canephora genome composition and evolution. Our data revealed a remarkable conservation of the microcollinearity between C. canephora and V. vinifera and a high conservation with other distant dicotyledonous reference genomes. Altogether, these results provide valuable information to identify candidate genes in C. canephora genome and serve as a foundation to establish strategies for whole genome sequencing. Future large-scale sequence comparison between C. canephora and reference sequenced genomes will help in understanding the evolutionary history of dicotyledonous plants

    EL USO DE RECURSOS NATURALES LOCALES EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE SUPERFICIES PICTÓRICAS DECORATIVAS EN TEMPLOS JESUITAS DE LA NUEVA VIZCAYA (CHIHUAHUA, MÉXICO).

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    De un inventario de 283 templos históricos establecidos durante la dominación española en la región de la Nueva Vizcaya (Chihuahua, México) se han identificado 23 templos que albergan pinturas murales y/o techumbres polícromas. En este atículo se presenta el estudio que se está llevando a cabo ennueve de ellos, todos fundados por misioneros Jesuitas entre 1640 y 1767. Recientes estudios (XRF, FORS, FTIR) han evidenciado que mientras que aquellas obras que presentan figuras y elementos decorativas puramente indígenas mantienen el estándar de pigmentos a base de óxido de hierro, aquellas que siguen cánones estilísticos europeos contienen (además de éstos) otros pigmentos y colorantes (ej. cochinilla, índigo) que, si bien pudieron haberse producido localmente, no forman parte de la paleta nativa de esta región. El proyecto Biblioteca de Recursos Culturales desarrollado desde el Laboratorio de Patrimonio Histórico – Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Chihuahua tiene como objetivo identificar, documentar y analizar materiales naturales presentes en Patrimonio Cultural. Gracias a él se están identificando los materiales utilizados en las superficies decorativas objeto de estudio. El presente artículo muestra la investigación multidisciplinar e interinstitucional que se ha desarrollado para la documentación, recolección y el estudio de dichos materiales en colaboración con miembros de las comunidades locales. Ello ha permitido no sólo poner en valor el patrimonio artístico de Chihuahua, sino también diseñar las estrategias de conservación adecuadas que garanticen su preservación

    Lessons for fisheries management from the EU cod recovery plan

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    The performance of the EU long-term management plan for cod stocks, in force since 2009, is analysed focusing on the human and institutional factors. The plan operates through landings quotas (TACs) and effort restrictions following a Harvest Control Rule, and deploys a novel instrument allowing Member States to ‘buy back’ or increase fishing effort for fleet segments engaged in cod-avoidance measures. The stipulated fishing mortality reductions have not been achieved. On the positive side, the ‘buy-back’ instrument has led to increased uptake of selective gear and implementation of permanent and real- time temporary closures. On the negative side, ignoring the dimension of fishers as reactive agents in the design, the impact assessment, and the annual implementation of the measures has contributed to the failure to adequately implement the plan and achieve its objectives.JRC.G.4-Maritime affair
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