1,643 research outputs found
Third-Order Thinking in Science Communication
SYMPOSIUM: Future Science Communication in Japa
State of Florida Conservation Plan for Gulf Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi)
Gulf sturgeon are anadromous. They spend the
cooler months (October or November through March
or April) in estuarine or marine habitats, where they
feed on benthic organisms such as isopods, amphipods,
lancets, molluscs, crabs, grass shrimp, and marine
worms (Mason and Clugston, 1993). In the spring, gulf
sturgeon return to their natal river, where the sexually
mature sturgeon spawn, and the population spends
the next 6–8 months there (Odenkirk, 1989; Foster,
1993; Clugston et al., 1995; Fox et al., 2000). The conservation plan detailed in this document
will be used to aid recovery of gulf sturgeon populations
throughout the state of Florida and could be a
model for other gulf states to use. (106pp.
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The public boarding school: A sociological analysis
This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University.The English Public Boarding School is considered from a
sociological perspective, and more particularly in the context of
research in the field of complex organizations, as a residential
organization. Concepts are used which have been developed in
studies of other residential organizations such as military units,
hospitals and prisons. The account is of an exploratory,
descriptive case study of 'the research school', using a variant on
the method of participant observation as the principal technique of
data collection supplemented with data collected during visits to
certain other public schools and an examination of published and
unpublished documents by staff and past pupils.
The size of these schools and their residential nature, which
involves them in the custody of their pupils, give rise to certain
specific organizational problems to which similar solutions have
been devised by most of the schools. Certain aspects of the social
process in the education provided by the schools are indicated in
the examination of their admission procedures, processes of
socialization on entry and the concomitants of organizational
membership, of the agents and means of social control, together with
a discussion both of the boys' perception of relative gratifications
and deprivations with respect to various reference groups both within
and without the school system and of the boys' different modes of
adaptation to life in the socio-cultural context of the school.
These schools belong to that category of complex organization
which in addition to working through and with people work on them.
The role of the school in socializing the boy and regulating his
behaviour while a member of the school is emphasized, as education
in the public boarding school is as much the attempt to socialize
its pupils as to enable them to pass formal examinations or otherwise
achieve academic ends, and it is with this former aspect of the schools that this account is primarily concerned.
The schools' combined custodial and educational commitments
make the maintenance of social order within them of fundamental
significance. By anticipatory socialization in the home and at
'preparatory' school, and by their recruitment selection and
admission procedures, by a formal system of control exercised partly
through the prefect system, by the privilege system and certain
ritualistic activities and ritualistic symbolization, the staff
combine a high degree of organizational control with high scope and
pervasiveness. During term a boy is engaged almost exclusively in
activities involving other members of his school and organizational
status embraces his life to an extent which is approached by few
other types of organization in English society.
Aspects of life at these schools are described which
involve the pupils experiencing, rather than a sense of relative
gratification, one of relative deprivation. The extent to which a
particular boy experiences this is discussed in terms of disparities
between his presenting culture on entry and the way of life
associated with organizational membership, and in terms of his
expectations and of the mode of adaptation and constellations of
reference groups he has adopted at the time. The boys' responses
to life in the socio-cultural context of the public boarding school
are presented within the framework of a revised form of Merton's
Typology of Individual Adaptation, and discussed in relation to the
availability of the various modes of adaptation and to some of the
determinants of their adoption by particular boys at certain stages of their school careers
When mobile meets modular: pay-as-you-go solar energy in rural Africa
Dr Jeremy Wakeford discusses an energy revolution that is underway in parts of Africa
Productivity, Wages and Employment in South Africa's Manufacturing Sector, 1970 - 2002
This paper investigates the relationship between labour productivity, average real wages and employment in South Africa's manufacturing sector, using cointegrating VAR and VECM econometric techniques. A long-run equilibrium relationship was found between real wages and productivity, with an elasticity of 0,38 indicating that productivity has grown more rapidly than wages
Student financial aid at South African universities and technikons
Bibliography: leaves 76-77.Given the striking inequality of access to tertiary education in South Africa, a National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) is of great importance. Since the present NSFAS has insufficient funds and lacks a long-term plan, the objective of this study is to contribute to the development of proposals for a comprehensive, sustainable NSFAS. More specifically, the aims are to: ( 1) throw light on the current status of student financial aid at universities and technikons; (2) highlight implications for the NSFAS; and (3) consider the future role of institution-based schemes. The paper begins by drawing lessons from a selection of international literature. The main body of the text is based on responses to a survey questionnaire which included both multiple-choice and open-ended questions. All twenty-one universities and twelve out of fifteen technikons submitted written replies. The paper presents and analyses quantitative and qualitative data describing financial and administrative aspects of institutions' schemes for assisting undergraduate/pre-diplomate, full-time students. The survey revealed that half of the total resources available for financial aid came from the Tertiary Education Fund of South Africa and a quarter from institutions' general operating budgets. The remaining contributions came from various donors including Provincial Governments, non-governmental organisations, international agencies and South African private sector firms. Bursaries, and to a lessor extent loans, are the main types of financial aid received by needy students. Scholarships and sports awards are allocated according to merit rather than financial need. Differences (such as sources and types of aid) are identified between the financial aid schemes of universities and technikons, and of historically black and historically white institutions. Comparisons of aggregate data with figures presented by the National Commission on Higher Education (NCHE) showed similarities in some instances, but the NCHE's projection of gross student needs in 1996 was far greater than the resources reportedly available to institutions from all sources. Institution-based schemes do not always comply with the lessons from international experience: the aggregate bursary/loan mix is favourable; the degree of cost recovery is inconclusive; targeting of needy students is sound in theory but difficult in practice; and mortgage-type loans, rather than internationally recommended income-contingent loans, are the norm, and they have substantial hidden subsidies. Implications for the NSFAS include the following: standardisation of the means test and the definition of "legitimate" study costs is desirable on equity grounds; administrative difficulties experienced by financial aid bureaux impact on the NSF AS and therefore more resources are required in this area. With regard to the future role of institution-based schemes: a levelling of the playing fields with respect to the contributions by institutions themselves to financial aid is suggested; institution-based loan schemes may be viewed as complementary to the NSFAS (in that they target students with different characteristics), which provides a theoretical reason for the creation of a centralised mortgage-type loan scheme to harness private sector capital. Such decisions need to be based on detailed assessments of efficiency which are beyond the scope of this paper
Risks to Global Trade and Implications for South Africa's Economy and Policy
The past two decades have witnessed an unprecedented globalisation of trade in goods and services. This process has been driven, inter alia, by technology, ideology and the availability of relatively cheap energy. By extrapolating this trend, one may expect further integration of world markets and increasingly unhindered international trade
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