Uma avaliação cienciométrica do uso de estratégias de gamificação na educação em trabalhos indexados na Web of Science

A falta de motivação pode ser um grande obstáculo para o aprendizado, que muitas vezes surge no ambiente escolar como consequência dos métodos de ensino aplicados. Uma estratégia interessante para se lidar com a falta de interesse é a gamificação do ensino, que torna os alunos protagonistas no processo de aprendizado. Entretanto, o avanço e aplicação correta destas técnicas depende da existência de um referencial teórico adequado e de uma base metodológica consolidada, o que é um desafio para um tema ainda recente e em estruturação. Desta forma, neste trabalho buscamos aplicar uma abordagem cienciométrica para descrever e avaliar a produção bibliográfica sobre gamificação da educação em trabalhos acadêmicos indexados na plataforma Web of Science. Foram encontrados 1409 artigos sobre o tema, publicados a partir do ano de 2011 e mostrando uma rápida tendência para o aumento do número depublicações a cada ano. A maior parte dos estudos foi publicada como artigos em anais de eventos. Aproximadamente 61% dos trabalhos encontrados ainda não foram citados por outros trabalhos desta base bibliográfica, e uma quantidade pequena de artigos concentra uma grande quantidade de citações. A Espanha foi o país com maior representação nos trabalhos publicados, seguida pelos Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Brasil e Alemanha. A maior parte dos trabalhos encontrados está associada a áreas de pesquisa relacionadas à Educação, Computação e Engenharia, mas muitas outras áreas diferentes foram contempladas, como Toxicologia, Teatro e Arqueologia. As palavras chave mais frequentes mostram a estreita relação da gamificação com as tecnologias de informação e comunicação. E apesar do crescente interesse e de representação de diversos países no mundo, o padrão de colaboração entre autores sugere que ainda existam muitas “ilhas” de colaboração, indicando que o desenvolvimento de trabalhos na área ainda deve estar acontecendo de maneira isolada e pouco integrada entre diferentes grupos de pesquisa

Uma avaliação cienciométrica do uso de estratégias de gamificação na educação em trabalhos indexados na Web of Science

A falta de motivação pode ser um grande obstáculo para o aprendizado, que muitas vezes surge no ambiente escolar como consequência dos métodos de ensino aplicados. Uma estratégia interessante para se lidar com a falta de interesse é a gamificação do ensino, que torna os alunos protagonistas no processo de aprendizado. Entretanto, o avanço e aplicação correta destas técnicas depende da existência de um referencial teórico adequado e de uma base metodológica consolidada, o que é um desafio para um tema ainda recente e em estruturação. Desta forma, neste trabalho buscamos aplicar uma abordagem cienciométrica para descrever e avaliar a produção bibliográfica sobre gamificação da educação em trabalhos acadêmicos indexados na plataforma Web of Science. Foram encontrados 1409 artigos sobre o tema, publicados a partir do ano de 2011 e mostrando uma rápida tendência para o aumento do número depublicações a cada ano. A maior parte dos estudos foi publicada como artigos em anais de eventos. Aproximadamente 61% dos trabalhos encontrados ainda não foram citados por outros trabalhos desta base bibliográfica, e uma quantidade pequena de artigos concentra uma grande quantidade de citações. A Espanha foi o país com maior representação nos trabalhos publicados, seguida pelos Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Brasil e Alemanha. A maior parte dos trabalhos encontrados está associada a áreas de pesquisa relacionadas à Educação, Computação e Engenharia, mas muitas outras áreas diferentes foram contempladas, como Toxicologia, Teatro e Arqueologia. As palavras chave mais frequentes mostram a estreita relação da gamificação com as tecnologias de informação e comunicação. E apesar do crescente interesse e de representação de diversos países no mundo, o padrão de colaboração entre autores sugere que ainda existam muitas “ilhas” de colaboração, indicando que o desenvolvimento de trabalhos na área ainda deve estar acontecendo de maneira isolada e pouco integrada entre diferentes grupos de pesquisa

Taxonomic bias in amphibian research : Are researchers responding to conservation need?

Amphibians are very diverse, widely distributed, and the most endangered class of vertebrates. As with other taxa, effective conservation of amphibians needs to be supported by detailed scientific knowledge. However, species rich and broadly distributed taxa are typically characterized by high variability in research effort. Our objective was therefore to understand which factors (ecological and cultural) have led some amphibian species to be more researched than others. We used two proxies of research effort: i) the total number of articles on Web of Science (WoS) that mention the scientific name (or synonyms) of each species, and; ii) the number of conservation science articles on WoS that mention the scientific name (or synonyms) of each species. These measures were used as dependent variables in zero hurdle regression models with the aim of identifying the most important factors driving species-level knowledge production. Well researched species (generally, and for conservation) tend to have a longer history of scientific research, come from countries with high scientific capacity, have large body size, and to be present in man-made habitats. Endangered species tend to be less researched, generally and for conservation, possibly because they are often more difficult to study: many endangered amphibians are restricted to small, fragmented and remote habitats in countries with low scientific capacity. We conclude with a discussion of how taxonomic biases in research effort on amphibians can be addressed given the limited funds available for conservation research.Peer reviewe

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Leishmania infantum Infection of Dogs from an Urban Area of Brazil as Identified by Molecular Methods

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease caused by the parasite Leishmania infantum, and dogs are the most important domestic reservoirs of the agent. During recent decades, VL has expanded to large Brazilian urban centers. In the present work, we have demonstrated by using molecular techniques that the rate of canine infection as detected by serology has been considerably underestimated. Two groups of seronegative dogs (infected and non-infected according to molecular methods) were further evaluated from data obtained through interviews with owners of the animals. The factors associated with Leishmania infection in dogs were a family income of less than two minimum salaries, the knowledge of the owner regarding the vector, the dog spending most of its time in the backyard and the dog never having had a previous serological examination. Awareness regarding the factors associated with canine infection will improve health services and the understanding of the disease's expansion in urban areas

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio