Determinar los factores de riesgo en el maltrato infantil en los pacientes del instituto Jaliciense de ciencias forenses

El maltrato infantil es un problema escondido en muchos países, debido a que no se cuenta con datos y a que el tema está cargado de vergüenza y negación. No obstante, el maltrato infantil es un problema en los países tanto desarrollados como en vías de desarrollo. El presente estudio es un trabajo realizado en el Instituto Jalisciense de Ciencias Forenses en el cual se tomaron en estudio 330 casos de los cuales 220 dieron negativo a maltrato infantil y 110 casos resultaron positivos a este problema. Por medio de un estudio de casos y controles de manera retrospectiva y observacional se aplicó la metodología correspondiente para determinar cuáles factores de riesgo presentes en el maltrato infantil se produjeron en el menor que llevaron a consulta en el Instituto para identificar los factores de riesgo presentes en este grupo de edad. Se identificó factores de riesgo para el maltrato infantil como lo son el antecedente de maltrato infantil en la persona que ahora resultó ser el agresor, alcoholismo y drogadicción de algún miembro de la familia que convive con el menor agredido, la convivencia con un padrastro, la violencia intrafamiliar y un bajo nivel económico; otros factores se identificaron como factores protectores para no desarrollar maltrato infantil como el tener una familia desintegrada en donde el miembro agresor no convive con la familia y tener un cuidado en la atención médica y social del menor de edad. Datos que fueron comprobados con la bibliografía descrita

Comparación in vitro de las propiedades físico - químicas de un ionómero de vidrio convencional, un cermet y un ionómero de vidrio modificado con aleación para amalgamp

El propósito fue comparar in vitro las propiedades físico - químicas de un ionomero de vidrio convencional, un cermet y un ionomero de vidrio modificado con aleación para amalgama. El trabajo de investigación consto de 90 troqueles, que cumplieron estrictamente los criterios de selección. Evaluando tres propiedades; resistencia a la compresión, abrasión y erosión con el ácido cítrico. La resistencia a la compresión con la prensa hidráulica, nos mostró que no existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre estos tres grupos de ionomeros, no obstante que la mezcla experimental presento valores mayores que el ionomero convencional con un rango disperso. La prueba de desgaste por abrasión, mostro que el ionomero de vidrio modificado tiene mejor resistencia a la perdida de longitud por la fricción mecánica rotacional constante. En la prueba de inmersión al ácido cítrico durante 24 horas, el ionomero de vidrio modificado con plata fue el más resistente a la pérdida de peso, teniendo el ionomero de vidrio convencional poca resistencia a la erosión acida mostrando diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Por los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que la adición de aleación para amalgama o plata, mejora las propiedades de abrasión y erosión acida del ionomero de vidrio convencional; este material odontológico requiere de mayores estudios y evaluación de otras propiedades.Palabras Clave: Ionomero de vidrio, cermet, compresión, abrasión, erosión acida DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2015.v18i2.0

La santé reproductive des adolescentes en Basse Californie (résultat d'une enquête auprès des ménages)

Le développement de cette étude part de l observation des données de différentes sources au sujet de la fécondité des adolescentes de Basse-Californie (Mexique), qui a atteint un des plus hauts niveaux parmi les entités fédérées. Cet état est caractérisé par le fait que pratiquement la totalité de sa population se situe dans un territoire avec un contact quotidien potentiel avec la Californie aux Etats-Unis. D autre part, il s agit d un état avec une forte immigration interne de population en provenance de plusieurs entités du pays. Un autre aspect qui caractérise à l entité se réfère au comportement conservateur de ses autorités. La Basse-Californie est l un des états qui a présenté des normes parmi les plus restrictives dans l application des lois ainsi qu un faible intérêt dans l élaboration de stratégies qui cherchent à résoudre ce problème à partir des caractéristiques de l entité. Dans ce contexte de forte immigration interne, d influence potentielle des Etats-Unis et de gouvernements très conservateurs, la question centrale posée par cette étude renvoie aux niveaux de fécondité, aux variables qui dans une grande mesure la détermine en Basse-Californie, et aux causes potentielles de cette association en partant des théories qu ont apportées différents auteurs. La méthodologie utilisée dans cette étude fut celle de l enquête de probabilité au sein de ménages comprenant des femmes de 18 à 29 ans. L enquête de Basse-Californie provient d un projet dont l initiative a surgi du Collège de la Frontière Nord en réponse à un appel d offre de CONACYT, sous la direction de l auteure du travail présenté ici.This study was developed from the observation of data related to fertility of adolescents in Baja California, Mexico. This state presents high levels for this indicator compared to the rest of Mexico; most of its population lives close to the border with the United States and the state receives large numbers of immigrants from Southern Mexico. Governmental officials in Baja California hold conservative beliefs, therefore, regulations related to this topic are restrictive and there has been a low interest in designing strategies based on the characteristics of the state that could solve and prevent the high adolescent fertility. Within this context, high internal immigration, U.S. influence, conservative governments, the main question of this study deals with estimating the levels of fertility, which variables are determining it and finding out the relation between the fertility and its variables. The methodology used in this study was based on a probabilistic survey of women between 18 and 29 years old. This Baja California survey was the result of a project carried out at El Colegio de la Frontera Norte and financed by CONACYT, under my leadership.NANTERRE-PARIS10-Bib. élec. (920509901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Resistencia adhesiva del silano con y sin tratamiento térmico en restauraciones indirectas de resina compuesta y cemento dual. In vitro

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo por objetivo comparar la resistencia adhesiva del silano con y sin tratamiento térmico en restauraciones indirectas de resina compuesta y cemento dual. El estudio fue cuasi – experimental, in vitro La muestra fue de 30 discos de resina compuesta (Filtek Z350 3M), divididos en 2 grupos de estudio con 15 especímenes cada uno, a los cuales se aplicó ácido ortofosfórico al 37%, para luego colocar el silano (Maquira) por 1 minuto, sólo recibieron tratamiento térmico las muestras del segundo grupo (120°C por un minuto), se colocó la matriz plástica sobre el disco de resina para proceder a rellenarlo con el cemento dual (Relyx U200), posteriormente se fotocuró el cemento por 20 segundos y se retiró la matriz, las muestras fueron colocadas en agua destilada por 24 horas antes de someterlas al procedimiento de cizallamiento, los resultados obtenidos en el primer grupo tuvieron una media de 14.40MPa y para el segundo grupo 11.63MPa. Se concluye la presente investigación diciendo que existe una mayor resistencia adhesiva cuando no se realiza el tratamiento térmico del silano en restauraciones indirectas de resina compuesta y cemento dual

Actuación de enfermería en el área de consultas de la unidad de urgencias

Descripción de la actividad de enfermería en el Área de Consultas de la Unidad Urgencia

Evaluation of the physicochemical and functional properties of Colombian bee pollen

ABSTRACT Objective. To establish current knowledge about Colombian bee-pollen from a point of view nutritional and functional, contributing towards creating national technical standards and the identification of chemical differentiation factors for further researches. Material and methods. One hundred ninety-six samples of dried bee pollen were collected in the center region of Colombia known as Cundi-boyacense high plateau, where nearly 90% of total bee pollen production is concentrated in this country. Performed physicochemical analyses in this study were: moisture, pH, acidity, ash, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, dietary fiber, fatty acid profile and mineral elements. Results. Bee pollen from this region had 7.7±5.2 g/100 g moisture content, and a following centesimal composition based on dry matter: ashes 2.5±0.4 g; lipids 6.90±3.5 g; proteins 23.8±3.2 g and total dietary fiber 14.5±3.5 g. The most abundant fatty acids were α-linolenic, palmitic and linoleic. Carbohydrates were the main components and fructose and glucose the most concentrated sugars. The predominant minerals assessed here were potassium, calcium and magnesium. The results were also discussed in terms of the characteristics found in Colombian bee-pollen in comparison to international regulations and findings for other varieties of commercial bee-pollen from eight different countries. Conclusions. The results found in this study suggest that bee-pollen may be used as a dietary supplement and agree with bibliographical reports and international regulations. Such characterization will enable to be proposed technical standards in line with Colombian bee-pollen properties and it is expected to improve marketing and production chain conditions

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma: Molecular profiling recognizes subclasses and identifies prognostic markers

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a clinically aggressive disease, with a poor response to therapy and a low overall survival rate of approximately 30% after 5 years. We have analyzed a series of 105 cases with a diagnosis of PTCL using a customized NanoString platform (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA) that includes 208 genes associated with T-cell differentiation, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, deregulated pathways, and stromal cell subpopulations. A comparative analysis of the various histological types of PTCL (angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma [AITL]; PTCL with T follicular helper [TFH] phenotype; PTCL not otherwise specified [NOS]) showed that specific sets of genes were associated with each of the diagnoses. These included TFH markers, cytotoxic markers, and genes whose expression was a surrogate for specific cellular subpopulations, including follicular dendritic cells, mast cells, and genes belonging to precise survival (NF-κB) and other pathways. Furthermore, the mutational profile was analyzed using a custom panel that targeted 62 genes in 76 cases distributed in AITL, PTCL-TFH, and PTCL-NOS. The main differences among the 3 nodal PTCL classes involved the RHOAG17V mutations (P < .0001), which were approximately twice as frequent in AITL (34.09%) as in PTCL-TFH (16.66%) cases but were not detected in PTCL-NOS. A multivariate analysis identified gene sets that allowed the series of cases to be stratified into different risk groups. This study supports and validates the current division of PTCL into these 3 categories, identifies sets of markers that can be used for a more precise diagnosis, and recognizes the expression of B-cell genes as an IPI-independent prognostic factor for AITL

Assessment of macro-micro element accumulation capabilities of Elodea nuttallii under gradient redox statuses with elevated NH4-N concentrations

Aquatic plants often encounter various redox conditions in their natural environment. Elodea nuttallii (Planch.), a submerged aquatic macrophyte, has a flexile ability to use different nutrient sources from various environments. In the present study, Elodea nuttallii was subjected to various redox conditions (+400 mV to –180 mV) at both normal (2.5 ppm) and high (10 ppm) ammonium concentrations and evaluated for macro and micro element accumulation. A reduced environment was prepared by adding glucose to growth medium and nitrogen gas bubbling, while an oxic environment was executed by atmospheric air bubbling. Plants in oxygen-deprived conditions manifested heavy metal (HM) toxicity, such as reduction of biomass and photosynthetic pigments, excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and reduction of major macro elements. In reduced treatments, the bioaccumulation sequence for micro elements was Cu>Mn>Zn>Al>Cd>Fe>Pb at both normal and high NH4-N concentrations. The combined effect of low redox state and high ammonium concentration had a strong physiological impact on the submerged macrophyte. However, macro- and micronutrient accumulation was more significantly affected by reduced environment than by a high NH4-N concentratio

Natural Course of the Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide in COPD: Importance of Sex

[Background] The value of the single-breath diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (Dlco) relates to outcomes for patients with COPD. However, little is known about the natural course of Dlco over time, intersubject variability, and factors that may influence Dlco progression.[Research Question] What is the natural course of Dlco in patients with COPD over time, and which other factors, including sex differences, could influence this progression?[Study Design and Methods] We phenotyped 602 smokers (women, 33%), of whom 506 (84%) had COPD and 96 (16%) had no airflow limitation. Lung function, including Dlco, was monitored annually over 5 years. A random coefficients model was used to evaluate Dlco changes over time.[Results] The mean (± SE) yearly decline in Dlco % in patients with COPD was 1.34% ± 0.015%/y. This was steeper compared with non-COPD control subjects (0.04% ± 0.032%/y; P = .004). Sixteen percent of the patients with COPD, vs 4.3% of the control subjects, had a statistically significant Dlco % slope annual decline (4.14%/y). At baseline, women with COPD had lower Dlco values (11.37% ± 2.27%; P < .001) in spite of a higher FEV1 % than men. Compared with men, women with COPD had a steeper Dlco annual decline of 0.89% ± 0.42%/y (P = .039).[Interpretation] Patients with COPD have an accelerated decline in Dlco compared with smokers without the disease. However, the decline is slow, and a testing interval of 3 to 4 years may be clinically informative. The lower and more rapid decline in Dlco values in women, compared with men, suggests a differential impact of sex in gas exchange function.[Trial Registry] ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01122758; URL: www.clinicaltrials.govThis study was funded in part by an unrestricted grant from AstraZeneca, and also by the COPD Research Program of the Spanish Respiratory Society (PII de EPOC of SEPAR).Peer reviewe