A power amplifier system for testing of distance relay operating characteristic

This paper describes a power amplifier system for testing of distance relay operating characteristic. This power amplifier is based on two three phase inverters with a neutral wire. The output power currents and voltages are controlled by a sliding mode controller. A developed matlab/simulink digital simulator generates the test signals. This test signals are converted in current and voltage references using a microcontroller to connect the digital simulator to the power converter amplifier. Experimental results from a laboratory prototype are presented and discussed

ANÁLISE FAUNÍSTICA DE ÁCAROS FITOSEÍDEO SEM PINHÃO-MANSO E PLANTAS ESPONTÂNEAS ASSOCIADAS

ABSTRACT: The physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) stands out as a supplier of raw material of good quality for the production of biodiesel. Pest mites cause significant damage to this crop. The predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidaeare best known worldwide and more used in the biological control of pest mites. The faunistic analysis provides knowledge of the dynamics of species found in a given place and time. The objective of this work was to analyze the fauna of mites of the family Phytoseiidae determining dominance, abundance and frequency of species, and the diversity and evenness of these species in the culture of physic nut and associated weeds. Monthly collections were made totaling 12 months.For the sampling of mites wild plants, were first made??15 plots of 9m² (3m x3m). We collected 10 leaves from each plant species, with the exception of monocots were 20.In order to collect the physic nut 30 plants were selected, and collected nine leaves each. For analysis, we used the ANAFAU softwear. Mites Amblyseius sp., Typhlodromalus aripo, Typhlodromalus clavicusand, and Typhlodromips mangleae stood out both in physic nut as weeds. Predators T.aripo was dominant in the weeds and T. clavicus was super dominant in physic nut.   KEY-WORDS: diversity of species, Jatropha curcas L., Phytoseiidae, predator.RESUMO: O pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) destaca-se como fornecedor de matéria-prima de boa qualidade para a produção de biodiesel. Ácaros-praga causam danos significativos a essa cultura. Os ácaros predadores da família Phytoseiidae são os mais conhecidos em todo mundo e mais utilizados no controle biológico de ácaros-praga. A análise faunística propicia conhecimentos da dinâmica das espécies encontradas em determinado local e período de tempo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar a fauna dos ácaros da família Phytoseiidae determinando-se a dominância, a abundância e a frequência das espécies, além da diversidade e equitabilidade dessas espécies, na cultura do pinhão-manso e nas plantas espontâneas associadas. Foram realizadas coletas mensalmente totalizando 12 meses. Para a amostragem dos ácaros nas plantas espontâneas, primeiramente foram confeccionadas 15 parcelas de 9 m² (3m x 3m). Foram coletadas 10 folhas de cada espécies de planta,com exceção das monocotiledôneas que foram 20. Para a coleta no pinhão-manso foram selecionadas 30 plantas, sendo coletadas nove folhas de cada. Para análise utilizou-se o softwear ANAFAU. Os ácaros Amblyseius sp., Typhlodromalus aripo, Typhlodromalus clavicus, e Typhlodromips mangleae destacaram-se tanto no pinhão manso quanto nas plantas espontâneas. Os predadores T. aripo foi dominante nas plantas espontâneas e T. clavicus foi superdominante no pinhão-manso.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: diversidade de espécies, Jatropha curcas L., Phytoseiidae, predador

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Caracterização e modelamento das emissões atmosféricas da usina termoelétrica Jacuí I

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estimar as emissões atmosféricas da Usina Termoelétrica Jacui I, a qual está sendo construída em Eldorado Sul-RS e que deverá entrar em operação em 1992.This work aims at foreseing atmospheric emissions from an hypothetical thermoeletric power plant, Jacui I, which is assumed to begin activities by 1992

Caracterização e modelamento das emissões atmosféricas da usina termoelétrica Jacuí I

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estimar as emissões atmosféricas da Usina Termoelétrica Jacui I, a qual está sendo construída em Eldorado Sul-RS e que deverá entrar em operação em 1992.This work aims at foreseing atmospheric emissions from an hypothetical thermoeletric power plant, Jacui I, which is assumed to begin activities by 1992