青春期同理心与不同类型体育活动的关系

This study analyses the relationship between empathy in adolescents and the practice of different types of physical activity. A total of 727 subjects from two public schools, aged between 12 and 19 years, participated in the study. To assess cognitive and affective empathy, the HIFDS self-report was used and questions from the PAQ-A questionnaire were adapted to obtain data associated with the level and type of physical activity practised. Not only was a statistical analysis and comparison between groups carried out according to gender and physical activity practice, but also, among subgroups according to the physical activity practised. Female students reported higher levels of affective and cognitive empathy than their male peers. Students who practice artistic physical activities show greater affective and cognitive empathy in comparison with other activities. Likewise, people who practice physical activities show higher values in both empathies compared to “non-practising” people. In short, adolescents who participate in organised physical activities show greater empathy than their peers who practise free physical activities or do not practise any physical activity, with those of an artistic nature favouring the development of empathy in both dimensions. Furthermore, higher levels of affective and cognitive empathy are observed in female students than in their male peers.El presente estudio analiza la relación entre la empatía en adolescentes y la práctica de distintos tipos de actividad física. Participaron 727 sujetos con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 19 años, pertenecientes a dos centros educativos públicos. Para evaluar la empatía cognitiva y afectiva se utilizó el autoinforme HIFDS y se adaptaron preguntas del cuestionario PAQ-A para conocer datos asociados al nivel y tipo de actividad física practicada. Se realizó un análisis estadístico y de comparación entre grupos según el género y la práctica de actividad física, así como entre los subgrupos según la actividad física practicada. Las alumnas mostraron niveles superiores de empatía afectiva y cognitiva respecto de sus compañeros. El alumnado que practica actividades físicas artísticas muestra mayor empatía afectiva y cognitiva estableciendo comparaciones con otras actividades. Asimismo, las personas que practican actividad física muestran mayores valores en ambos tipos de empatía respecto a las personas “no practicantes”. En definitiva, los y las adolescentes que participan en actividades físicas organizadas muestran mayor empatía que sus compañeros y compañeras que practican actividad física libre o no practican actividad física, siendo las de las de índole artístico favorecedoras del desarrollo de la empatía en ambas dimensiones. Asimismo, se observa niveles más altos de empatía afectiva y cognitiva en las alumnas que en sus compañeros varones.В данном исследовании анализируется взаимосвязь между эмпатией у подростков и практикой различных видов физической активности. В исследовании приняли участие 727 испытуемых в возрасте от 12 до 19 лет из двух государственных школ. Для оценки когнитивной и аффективной эмпатии использовался опросник HIFDS, а вопросы из опросника PAQ-A были адаптированы для получения данных, связанных с уровнем и видом физической активности. Был проведен статистический анализ и сравнение между группами в зависимости от пола и практики физической активности, а также между подгруппами в зависимости от практикуемой физической активности. Студенты женского пола показали более высокий уровень аффективной и когнитивной эмпатии, чем их сверстники мужского пола. Студенты, практикующие художественную физическую деятельность, демонстрируют более высокий уровень аффективной и когнитивной эмпатии по сравнению с другими видами деятельности. Аналогично, люди, практикующие физическую активность, показывают более высокие значения обоих типов эмпатии по сравнению с “непрактикующими” людьми. Вкратце, подростки, участвующие в организованной физической деятельности, демонстрируют более высокую эмпатию, чем их сверстники, которые практикуют свободную физическую активность или не практикуют физическую активность, причем занятия художественной деятельностью благоприятствуют развитию эмпатии в обоих измерениях. Кроме того, более высокие уровни аффективной и когнитивной эмпатии наблюдаются у студенток, чем у их сверстников мужского пола.本研究分析了青少年同理心与不同类型体育活动实践之间的关系。 来自两所公立学校的 727 名年龄在 12 至 19 岁之间的受试者参加了本次研究。为了评估认知和情感同理心，我们使用了HIFDS自我报告，并对 PAQ-A 问卷中的问题进行了调整，以获得与所进行的体育活动水平和类型相关的数据。根据性别和体育活动的实践在组之间以及根据体力活动的亚组之间进行统计和比较分析。 与同龄人相比，女学生表现出更高水平的情感和认知同理心。与从事其他活动的同学比较，从事艺术体育活动的学生表现出更强的情感和认知同理心。同样，与“不锻炼”的人相比，锻炼身体的人在这两种同理心上都表现出更高的价值。 具体来说，参加有组织的体育活动的青少年比参加自由体育活动或不参加体育活动的同龄人表现出更强的同理心，而具有艺术性质的青少年则更倾向于在两个维度上发展同理心。同样，女性学生的情感和认知同理心水平高于男性同龄人

Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Bladder Cancer and Patient Prognosis: Results from a Large Clinical Cohort and Meta-Analysis

Aberrant overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is observed in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). Studies evaluating COX2 as a prognostic marker in UCB report contradictory results. We determined the prognostic potential of COX2 expression in UCB and quantitatively summarize the results with those of the literature through a meta-analysis. Newly diagnosed UCB patients recruited between 1998–2001 in 18 Spanish hospitals were prospectively included in the study and followed-up (median, 70.7 months). Diagnostic slides were reviewed and uniformly classified by expert pathologists. Clinical data was retrieved from hospital charts. Tissue microarrays containing non-muscle invasive (n = 557) and muscle invasive (n = 216) tumours were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using quantitative image analysis. Expression was evaluated in Cox regression models to assess the risk of recurrence, progression and disease-specific mortality. Meta-hazard ratios were estimated using our results and those from 11 additional evaluable studies. COX2 expression was observed in 38% (211/557) of non-muscle invasive and 63% (137/216) of muscle invasive tumors. Expression was associated with advanced pathological stage and grade (p<0.0001). In the univariable analyses, COX2 expression - as a categorical variable - was not associated with any of the outcomes analyzed. As a continuous variable, a weak association with recurrence in non-muscle invasive tumors was observed (p-value = 0.048). In the multivariable analyses, COX2 expression did not independently predict any of the considered outcomes. The meta-analysis confirmed these results. We did not find evidence that COX2 expression is an independent prognostic marker of recurrence, progression or survival in patients with UCB.The work was partially supported by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (G03/174, 00/0745, PI051436, PI061614 and G03/174); Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer- RD06/0020-RTICC; Consolider ONCOBIO; EU-FP6-STREP-37739-DRoP-ToP; EU-FP7-HEALTH-F2-2008-201663-UROMOL; EU-FP7-HEALTH-F2-2008-201333-DECanBio; USA-NIH-RO1-CA089715; and a PhD fellowship awarded to MJC from the ‘‘la Caixa’’ foundation, Spain, and a postdoctoral fellowship awarded to AFSA from the Fundación Científica de la AEC

Epidemiological surveillance of Schmallenberg virus in small ruminants in southern Spain

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging Culicoides‐borne Orthobunyavirus that affects ruminant species. Between 2011 and 2013, it was responsible for a large‐scale epidemic in Europe. In the present study, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with SBV exposure in sheep and goats in the region where the first Schmallenberg disease outbreak in Spain was reported. Blood samples from 1,796 small ruminants from 120 farms were collected in Andalusia (southern Spain) between 2015 and 2017. Antibodies against SBV were detected in 536 of 1,796 animals (29.8%; 95%CI: 27.7–32.0) using a commercial blocking ELISA. The individual seroprevalence according to species was 31.1% (280/900; 95%CI: 28.1–34.1) in sheep and 28.6% (256/896; 95%CI: 25.6–31.5) in goats. The farm prevalence was 76.7% (95%CI: 69.1–84.2). Seropositivity to SBV was confirmed in both sheep and goats in all provinces by virus neutralization test. Two significant (p 14ºC) and altitude (<400 metres above sea level) were risk factors associated with SBV exposure in small ruminants. Our results highlight widespread but not homogeneous circulation of SBV in small ruminant populations in Spain.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Surveillance of Influenza Viruses in Waterfowl Used As Decoys in Andalusia, Spain

A longitudinal study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in waterfowl used as decoys in Andalusia, southern Spain. A total of 2319 aquatic birds from 193 flocks were analyzed before and after the hunting season 2011–2012. In the first sampling, 403 out of 2319 (18.0%, CI95%: 15.8–19.0) decoys showed antibodies against AIVs by ELISA. The AI seroprevalence was significantly higher in geese (21.0%) than in ducks (11.7%) (P,0.001). Besides, the spatial distribution of AIVs was not homogeneous as significant differences among regions were observed. The prevalence of antibodies against AIVs subtypes H5 and H7 were 1.1% and 0.3%, respectively, using hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). The overall and H5 seroprevalences slightly increased after the hunting period (to 19.2% and 1.4%, respectively), while the H7 seroprevalence remained at the same level (0.3%). The proportion of flocks infected by AIVs was 65.3%, while 11.2% and 4.9% of flocks were positive for H5 and H7, respectively. Viral shedding was not detected in any of the 47 samples positive by both ELISA and HI, tested by RRT-PCR. The individual incidence after the hunting season was 3.4%. The fact that 57 animals seroconverted, 15 of which were confirmed by HI (12 H5 and 3 H7), was indication of contact with AIVs during the hunting period. The results indicate that waterfowl used as decoys are frequently exposed to AIVs and may be potentially useful as sentinels for AIVs monitoring. The seroprevalence detected and the seropositivity against AIVs H5 and H7, suggest that decoys can act as reservoirs of AIVs, which may be of animal and public health concer

Analysis of Paired Primary-Metastatic Hormone-Receptor Positive Breast Tumors (HRPBC) Uncovers Potential Novel Drivers of Hormonal Resistance

We sought to identify genetic variants associated with disease relapse and failure to hormonal treatment in hormone-receptor positive breast cancer (HRPBC). We analyzed a series of HRPBC with distant relapse, by sequencing pairs (n = 11) of tumors (primary and metastases) at >800X. Comparative genomic hybridization was performed as well. Top hits, based on the frequency of alteration and severity of the changes, were tested in the TCGA series. Genes determining the most parsimonious prognostic signature were studied for their functional role in vitro, by performing cell growth assays in hormonal-deprivation conditions, a setting that mimics treatment with aromatase inhibitors. Severe alterations were recurrently found in 18 genes in the pairs. However, only MYC, DNAH5, CSFR1, EPHA7, ARID1B, and KMT2C preserved an independent prognosis impact and/or showed a significantly different incidence of alterations between relapsed and non-relapsed cases in the TCGA series. The signature composed of MYC, KMT2C, and EPHA7 best discriminated the clinical course, (overall survival 90,7 vs. 144,5 months; p = 0.0001). Having an alteration in any of the genes of the signature implied a hazard ratio of death of 3.25 (p<0.0001), and early relapse during the adjuvant hormonal treatment. The presence of the D348N mutation in KMT2C and/or the T666I mutation in the kinase domain of EPHA7 conferred hormonal resistance in vitro. Novel inactivating mutations in KMT2C and EPHA7, which confer hormonal resistance, are linked to adverse clinical course in HRPBC

The role of the pathologist in tissue banking: European Consensus Expert Group Report

Human tissue biobanking encompasses a wide range of activities and study designs and is critical for application of a wide range of new technologies (-“omics”) to the discovery of molecular patterns of disease and for implementation of novel biomarkers into clinical trials. Pathology is the cornerstone of hospital-based tissue biobanking. Pathologists not only provide essential information identifying the specimen but also make decisions on what should be biobanked, making sure that the timing of all operations is consistent with both the requirements of clinical diagnosis and the optimal preservation of biological products. This document summarizes the conclusions of a Pathology Expert Group Meeting within the European Biological and Biomolecular Research Infrastructure (BBMRI) Program. These recommendations are aimed at providing guidance for pathologists as well as for institutions hosting biobanks on how to better integrate and support pathological activities within the framework of biobanks that fulfill international standards

POT1 and Damage Response Malfunction Trigger Acquisition of Somatic Activating Mutations in the VEGF Pathway in Cardiac Angiosarcomas

Background: Mutations in the POT1 gene explain abnormally long telomeres and multiple tumors including cardiac angiosarcomas (CAS). However, the link between long telomeres and tumorigenesis is poorly understood. Methods and Results: Here, we have studied the somatic landscape of 3 different angiosarcoma patients with mutations in the POT1 gene to further investigate this tumorigenesis process. In addition, the genetic landscape of 7 CAS patients without mutations in the POT1 gene has been studied. Patients with CAS and nonfunctional POT1 did not repress ATR (ataxia telangiectasia RAD3-related)-dependent DNA damage signaling and showed a constitutive increase of cell cycle arrest and somatic activating mutations in the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)/angiogenesis pathway (KDR gene). The same observation was made in POT1 mutation carriers with tumors different from CAS and also in CAS patients without mutations in the POT1 gene but with mutations in other genes involved in DNA damage signaling. Conclusions: Inhibition of POT1 function and damage-response malfunction activated DNA damage signaling and increased cell cycle arrest as well as interfered with apoptosis, which would permit acquisition of somatic mutations in the VEGF/angiogenesis pathway that drives tumor formation. Therapies based on the inhibition of damage signaling in asymptomatic carriers may diminish defects on cell cycle arrest and thus prevent the apoptosis deregulation that leads to the acquisition of driver mutations

Biobanking: old activity or young discipline?

Biobanking is a new concept with solid bases in traditional pathology, the development of which is mandatory to allow effective translational research to flourish. Biobank activity is developing as a progressively complex young discipline playing a central role in biomedical research. This review analyzes the role of disease-driven biobanks in translational research, focusing on some aspects considered to be crucial for the future development of these institutions and service providers, including dedicated designs, funding, personnel, and ethical and legal frameworks, which, coupled with networked functioning, can provide an endless source of samples and, ideally, associated clinical information for biomedical research. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer Reviewe