Principios de marketing y competitividad como estrategias claves para el desarrollo de las MIPYMES en la provincia de El Oro

Marketing and competitiveness are two key terms in the development of any type of economy, for this reason it is important to make an association between both, for which the application of a questionnaire was applied to 40 companies in the city of Machala. get very interesting results with respect to these two areas of study. On the one hand, the present study was carried out in companies from various sectors in order to have a somewhat more general perspective about the current market conditions, as well as the location of the organizations within the main cities of the province of El Oro.   Another aspect that was taken into consideration is the fact of knowing whether or not companies have a professional person in charge of the marketing area, since this way you can guarantee a better application of the concepts in this area that you need to have present an organization to be able to stand out with greater force. It is important to emphasize that marketing is often considered as a mere expenditure of advertising within organizations, especially if they are small or medium-sized, however with the passage of time that type of perspective has been changed and was able to identify the great contribution that it generates to the companies and their repercussions in the improvement of the competitiveness of the same ones, therefore the reflection of the present investigation that will be presented next will allow to know in an applied way the existing relation between the marketing and the competitiveness specifically focused on certain cities in the province of El Oro and the different standards or strategies that companies perform.El marketing y la competitividad son dos términos claves dentro del desarrollo de todo tipo de economía, por tal razón es importante realizar una asociación entre ambos, para lo cual se realizó la aplicación de un cuestionario a 40 empresas de la ciudad de Machala y se pudieron obtener resultados muy interesantes con respecto a estas dos áreas de estudio. Por un lado el presente estudio se realizó en empresas de varios sectores para poder tener una perspectiva un poco más general acerca de las condiciones actuales del mercado, así también como la ubicación de las organizaciones dentro de las principales ciudades de la provincia de El Oro. Otro de los aspectos que se tomó en consideración es el hecho de conocer si las empresas cuentan o no con una persona profesional encargada del área de marketing, ya que de esta manera se puede garantizar una mejor aplicación de los conceptos en esta área que necesita tener presente una organización para poder destacar con mayor fuerza. Es importante enfatizar que el marketing muchas veces es considerado como un mero gasto de publicidad dentro de las organizaciones, sobre todo si estas son de tipo pequeñas o medianas, sin embargo con el paso del tiempo se ha ido cambiando ese tipo de perspectiva y se ha podido identificar el gran aporte que genera a las empresas y sus repercusiones en el mejoramiento de la competitividad de las mismas, por ende el reflejo de la presente investigación que se presentará a continuación permitirá conocer de una manera aplicada la relación existente entre el marketing y la competitividad enfocada específicamente en ciertas ciudades de la provincia de El Oro y los diferentes estándares o estrategias que las empresas realiza

Rol del líder del área de recursos humanos y su influencia en la competitividad de las MIPYMES

The SMEs represent in an employee generator and development to Ecuador, that´s why always companies are looking to implement new strategies and guidelines to improve their competitiveness levels, and the human talent area is one of the keys for the core business and for the development in a medium or long term due to the contribution of the human team that is working for the company. The present investigation paper is centered at identifying what is the leader role in the human talent area, his personal and professional characteristics, the knowledge that should have, the challenges that have to face organizational and personally with his working team. In order that a person starts to develop, that helps to define his particular leadership style in function to the organizational objectives, and has to adopt positions that let him to motivate the people that have in charge, to satisfy the internal clients demands to rise the satisfaction, to line up with the owners and finally to self-motivate and to challenge himself to conquer new results. Finally, to have a full and transformational leadership, is important that the objectives, procedures and the strategies of all the company have to be communicated in a clear way, measurable and reachable.Las MIPYMES representan un motor de generación de empleo y desarrollo para el Ecuador, por tal razón siempre se busca implementar nuevas estrategias y lineamientos que mejoren sus niveles de competitividad, y el área de talento humano es una de las claves para el core business y el crecimiento a mediano y largo plazo por el aporte del personal a las actividades de la organización. El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en identificar cuál es el rol del líder de talento humano, sus características personales y profesionales, los conocimientos que debe poseer, los desafíos a los cuales se enfrenta organizacional y personalmente con su equipo de trabajo. A medida que una persona se va desarrollando, define un estilo de liderazgo particular en función de los objetivos organizacionales, y tendrá que adoptar posturas que le permitan motivar al personal que tiene a su cargo, satisfacer las demandas de los clientes internos para mejorar la satisfacción, alinearse con los propietarios y por último auto-motivarse y desafiarse a conquistar nuevos retos. Finalmente, para poder tener un liderazgo pleno y transformador, es importante que los objetivos, procedimientos y las estrategias de toda la compañía sean comunicados de una manera clara, medible y alcanzable

Longitudinal evaluation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease using positron emission tomography

[EN] Background: Validation of new biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) is crucial for the successful development and implementation of treatment strategies. Additional to traditional AT(N) biomarkers, neuroinflammation biomarkers, such as translocator protein (TSPO) and cystine/glutamine antiporter system (x(c)(-)), could be considered when assessing AD progression. Herein, we report the longitudinal investigation of [F-18]DPA-714 and [F-18]FSPG for their ability to detect TSPO and x(c)(-) biomarkers, respectively, in the 5xFAD mouse model for AD. Methods: Expression of TSPO and x(c)(-) system was assessed longitudinally (2-12 months of age) on 5xFAD mice and their respective controls by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using radioligands [F-18]DPA-714 and [F-18]FSPG. In parallel, in the same mice, amyloid-beta plaque deposition was assessed with the amyloid PET radiotracer [F-18]florbetaben. In vivo findings were correlated to ex vivo immunofluorescence staining of TSPO and x(c)(-) in microglia/macrophages and astrocytes on brain slices. Physiological changes of the brain tissue were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 12-month-old mice. Results: PET studies showed a significant increase in the uptake of [F-18]DPA-714 and [F-18]FSPG in the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus in 5xFAD but not in WT mice over time. The results correlate with A beta plaque deposition. Ex vivo staining confirmed higher TSPO overexpression in both, microglia/macrophages and astrocytes, and overexpression of x(c)(-) in non-glial cells of 5xFAD mice. Additionally, the results show that A beta plaques were surrounded by microglia/macrophages overexpressing TSPO. MRI studies showed significant tissue shrinkage and microstructural alterations in 5xFAD mice compared to controls. Conclusions: TSPO and x(c)(-) overexpression can be assessed by [F-18]DPA-714 and [F-18]FSPG, respectively, and correlate with the level of A beta plaque deposition obtained with a PET amyloid tracer. These results position the two tracers as promising imaging tools for the evaluation of disease progression.J.L. and P.R. thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (PID2020-117656RB-100 and PID2020-118546RBI00, respectively) and the Interreg Atlantic Area Programme (EAPA_791/2018). Abraham Martin acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (RYC-2017-22412, PID2019-107989RB-I00), the Basque Government (BIO18/IC/006), and Fundacio La Marato de TV3 (17/C/2017). Estibaliz Capetillo-Zarate acknowledges funding from the Basque Government (IT120319; ELKARTEK KK-2020/00034) and CIBERNED (CB06/0005/0076). The work was performed under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme -Grant MDM-2017-0720 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Principios de marketing y competitividad como estrategias claves para el desarrollo de las MIPYMES en la provincia de El Oro

Marketing and competitiveness are two key terms in the development of any type of economy, for this reason it is important to make an association between both, for which the application of a questionnaire was applied to 40 companies in the city of Machala. get very interesting results with respect to these two areas of study. On the one hand, the present study was carried out in companies from various sectors in order to have a somewhat more general perspective about the current market conditions, as well as the location of the organizations within the main cities of the province of El Oro.   Another aspect that was taken into consideration is the fact of knowing whether or not companies have a professional person in charge of the marketing area, since this way you can guarantee a better application of the concepts in this area that you need to have present an organization to be able to stand out with greater force. It is important to emphasize that marketing is often considered as a mere expenditure of advertising within organizations, especially if they are small or medium-sized, however with the passage of time that type of perspective has been changed and was able to identify the great contribution that it generates to the companies and their repercussions in the improvement of the competitiveness of the same ones, therefore the reflection of the present investigation that will be presented next will allow to know in an applied way the existing relation between the marketing and the competitiveness specifically focused on certain cities in the province of El Oro and the different standards or strategies that companies perform.El marketing y la competitividad son dos términos claves dentro del desarrollo de todo tipo de economía, por tal razón es importante realizar una asociación entre ambos, para lo cual se realizó la aplicación de un cuestionario a 40 empresas de la ciudad de Machala y se pudieron obtener resultados muy interesantes con respecto a estas dos áreas de estudio. Por un lado el presente estudio se realizó en empresas de varios sectores para poder tener una perspectiva un poco más general acerca de las condiciones actuales del mercado, así también como la ubicación de las organizaciones dentro de las principales ciudades de la provincia de El Oro. Otro de los aspectos que se tomó en consideración es el hecho de conocer si las empresas cuentan o no con una persona profesional encargada del área de marketing, ya que de esta manera se puede garantizar una mejor aplicación de los conceptos en esta área que necesita tener presente una organización para poder destacar con mayor fuerza. Es importante enfatizar que el marketing muchas veces es considerado como un mero gasto de publicidad dentro de las organizaciones, sobre todo si estas son de tipo pequeñas o medianas, sin embargo con el paso del tiempo se ha ido cambiando ese tipo de perspectiva y se ha podido identificar el gran aporte que genera a las empresas y sus repercusiones en el mejoramiento de la competitividad de las mismas, por ende el reflejo de la presente investigación que se presentará a continuación permitirá conocer de una manera aplicada la relación existente entre el marketing y la competitividad enfocada específicamente en ciertas ciudades de la provincia de El Oro y los diferentes estándares o estrategias que las empresas realiza

Marketing turístico: una oportunidad de las pequeñas y medianas empresas ecuatorianas para su crecimiento sostenible

El objetivo del presente documento es realizar un análisis acerca de las diferentes oportunidades de las pequeñas y medianas empresas turísticas en el Ecuador para que estas a partir del principio de la sostenibilidad desarrollen actividades económicas turísticas con conciencia medioambiental. El método de investigación es de tipo descriptivo que se ha focalizado en diferentes subtemas alrededor del marketing, el turismo y la sostenibilidad. Finalmente se concluye que el marketing turístico es una muy buena opción sobre todo para los países en vías de desarrollo como el Ecuador para potencializar sus recursos naturales y la belleza ecológica propia de su territorio como una fuente de ingresos y una manera de impulsar el desarrollo económico

Rol del líder del área de recursos humanos y su influencia en la competitividad de las MIPYMES

The SMEs represent in an employee generator and development to Ecuador, that´s why always companies are looking to implement new strategies and guidelines to improve their competitiveness levels, and the human talent area is one of the keys for the core business and for the development in a medium or long term due to the contribution of the human team that is working for the company. The present investigation paper is centered at identifying what is the leader role in the human talent area, his personal and professional characteristics, the knowledge that should have, the challenges that have to face organizational and personally with his working team. In order that a person starts to develop, that helps to define his particular leadership style in function to the organizational objectives, and has to adopt positions that let him to motivate the people that have in charge, to satisfy the internal clients demands to rise the satisfaction, to line up with the owners and finally to self-motivate and to challenge himself to conquer new results. Finally, to have a full and transformational leadership, is important that the objectives, procedures and the strategies of all the company have to be communicated in a clear way, measurable and reachable.Las MIPYMES representan un motor de generación de empleo y desarrollo para el Ecuador, por tal razón siempre se busca implementar nuevas estrategias y lineamientos que mejoren sus niveles de competitividad, y el área de talento humano es una de las claves para el core business y el crecimiento a mediano y largo plazo por el aporte del personal a las actividades de la organización. El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en identificar cuál es el rol del líder de talento humano, sus características personales y profesionales, los conocimientos que debe poseer, los desafíos a los cuales se enfrenta organizacional y personalmente con su equipo de trabajo. A medida que una persona se va desarrollando, define un estilo de liderazgo particular en función de los objetivos organizacionales, y tendrá que adoptar posturas que le permitan motivar al personal que tiene a su cargo, satisfacer las demandas de los clientes internos para mejorar la satisfacción, alinearse con los propietarios y por último auto-motivarse y desafiarse a conquistar nuevos retos. Finalmente, para poder tener un liderazgo pleno y transformador, es importante que los objetivos, procedimientos y las estrategias de toda la compañía sean comunicados de una manera clara, medible y alcanzable