247 research outputs found
Elaboration of Essential Oil From the Oregano for Medicinal Use Sheet
The extraction and industrialization of the oregano oil in Ecuador can represent an important source of work, from the harvest to the transformation of the raw material into finished product. The oregano is a plant known from many years back and has always been used for medicinal purposes and is currently being used in many fields such as perfumery, gastronomy, toiletries; But its main use is in medicine. The work proposes a methodology that allows extracting the essential oil of the plant for different medical uses such as: anti - inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant and antibiotic, being of social benefit representing an economic impact in its industrializatio
Environmental variablity in three major Mediterranean tuna spawning grounds.
We propose four different environmental indicators, three related to temperature variability in
three major spawning grounds of tuna species in the Mediterranean, and one related to the sea
surface salinity variability in the Balearic Sea. These oceanographic indicators show the
annual variability of environmental parameters affecting growth and survival of tuna eggs and
larval. The indicators are intended to provide quick access to assessment working groups and
fisheries scientist to identify potentially anomalous year
Preventive Conservation and Restoration Monitoring of Heritage Buildings Based on Fuzzy Logic
This article discusses the usability of the Art-Risk 3.0 software for research on the conservation of
heritage buildings. It is a new and free software based on fuzzy logic, which enables the assessment
of preventive conservation and surveillance of the restoration of heritage buildings over a period of
time. This artificial intelligence-based tool considers the vulnerability of buildings, their environ ments, and their management to evaluate the necessity of their restoration or preventive con servation. To validate the Art-Risk 3.0, 500 theoretical case studies were analyzed, and a 14th century Mudejar-Gothic-style Church in Seville, Spain was studied both before and after its restora tion to identify post-restoration changes. This proof of concept demonstrates the capability of the
Art-Risk 3.0 software to analyze environmental impacts on the vulnerability, risk, and functional
service life of buildings, and assess the effectiveness of restoration activities. Additionally, this
software identifies the most problematic factors and the necessity of restoration.Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad BIA2015- 64878-R (RETOS)Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciĂłn PID2019-107257RB-I00 (FENIX)Ministerio de Ciencia, InnovaciĂłn y Universidades EQC2019-005780-P (Ambulab-LAB)Junta de AndalucĂa PYC20 RE 034 UPO RESILIENT-TOURISMMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciĂłn PTA2019-01688
ASSESSING THE SPAWNING STOCK BIOMASS OF ALBACORE (THUNNUS ALALUNGA) IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA FROM A NON-LINEAR LARVAL INDEX (2001-2019)
Larval abundance indices express retrocalculated abundances of larval densities at hatching
time. They provide a proxy for assessing spawning stock biomass and are applied to assess
population status of various species in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Balearic Sea. Recently, the
methodological approach to calculate the indices was improved to accommodate for non-linear
responses of environmental effects on catchability. This improved methodology is routinely
applied in the Balearic Sea to assess the bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) spawning stock
biomass. Here we apply the same methodology to update the larval index of albacore (Thunnus
alalunga) from surveys conducted from 2001 to 2019 in the Balearic Sea, the most relevant
spawning ground of this species in the Western Mediterranean. Albacore larval abundances
show a decreasing trend and significant lower abundances from 2013 onwards, despite a slight
recovery between 2016 and 2017. This larval index, standardized for gears, sampling coverage,
salinity, date and sea surface temperature, provides information on the dynamics of the western
Mediterranean stock of albacore, which is considered a data poor stock.En prens
LARVAL HABITATS AND CATCHES OF SWORDFISH (XIPHIAS GLADIUS) IN THE BALEARIC ISLANDS (2001-2020): OCEANOGRAPHIC DRIVERS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH
Since 2001, ichthyoplankton and hydrographic surveys directed to tuna species have been
conducted in the Balearic Islands, a main tuna spawning ground in the Mediterranean. These
campaigns provide today key information about the interannual changes on larval abundances
for Bluefin tuna and albacore, also allowing the investigation of the early-life ecology of various
species. The Balearic Islands have been identified as a prominent oceanographic retention area
within the western Mediterranean as well as the main spawning area for tuna species. Hence, the
regular ichthyoplankton surveys become an opportunity to increase the knowledge of those
species whose pelagic early-life stages are encountered during the summer in this area. This is
the case of swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Here we analyse the possibility of applying those surveys
to investigate the early life ecology of the Mediterranean swordfish, exploring the interannual
changes on larval abundances and the hydrographic preferences of larval habitatsEn prens
Planck intermediate results. XXXVIII. E- and B-modes of dust polarization from the magnetized filamentary structure of the interstellar medium
Interstellar and circumstellar matter.-- et al.The quest for a B-mode imprint from primordial gravity waves on the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) requires the characterization of foreground polarization from Galactic dust. We present a statistical study of the filamentary structure of the 353 GHz Planck Stokes maps at high Galactic latitude, relevant to the study of dust emission as a polarized foreground to the CMB. We filter the intensity and polarization maps to isolate filaments in the range of angular scales where the power asymmetry between E-modes and B-modes is observed. Using the Smoothed Hessian Major Axis Filament Finder (SMAFF), we identify 259 filaments at high Galactic latitude, with lengths larger or equal to 2° (corresponding to 3.5âpc in length for a typical distance of 100âpc). Thesefilaments show a preferred orientation parallel to the magnetic field projected onto the plane of the sky, derived from their polarization angles. We present mean maps of the filaments in Stokes I, Q, U, E, and B, computed by stacking individual images rotated to align the orientations of the filaments. Combining the stacked images and the histogram of relative orientations, we estimate the mean polarization fraction of the filaments to be 11%. Furthermore, we show that the correlation between the filaments and the magnetic field orientations may account for the E and B asymmetry and the CâTE/CâEE ratio, reported in the power spectra analysis of the Planck353âGHz polarization maps. Future models of the dust foreground for CMB polarization studies will need to take into account the observed correlation between the dust polarization and the structure of interstellar matter.The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of: ESA; CNES, and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MINECO, JA and RES (Spain); Tekes, AoF, and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland);
RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); ERC and PRACE (EU). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Unionâs Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007â2013)/ERC grant agreement No. 267934.Peer Reviewe
Planck 2015 results. XXVII. The second Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources
Catalogs and data.-- et al.We present the all-sky Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) sources detected from the 29 month full-mission data. The catalogue (PSZ2) is the largest SZ-selected sample of galaxy clusters yet produced and the deepest systematic all-sky surveyof galaxy clusters. It contains 1653 detections, of which 1203 are confirmed clusters with identified counterparts in external data sets, and is the first SZ-selected cluster survey containing >103 confirmed clusters. We present a detailed analysis of the survey selection function in terms of its completeness and statistical reliability, placing a lower limit of 83% on the purity. Using simulations, we find that the estimates of the SZ strength parameter Y5R500are robust to pressure-profile variation and beam systematics, but accurate conversion to Y500 requires the use of prior information on the cluster extent. We describe the multi-wavelength search for counterparts in ancillary data, which makes use of radio, microwave, infra-red, optical, and X-ray data sets, and which places emphasis on the robustness of the counterpart match. We discuss the physical properties of the new sample and identify a population of low-redshift X-ray under-luminous clusters revealed by SZ selection. These objects appear in optical and SZ surveys with consistent properties for their mass, but are almost absent from ROSAT X-ray selected samples.The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MINECO, JA, and RES (Spain); Tekes, AoF, and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); ERC and PRACE (EU).Peer Reviewe
Planck 2015 results. XXIII. The thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect--cosmic infrared background correlation
We use Planck data to detect the cross-correlation between the thermal
Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect and the infrared emission from the galaxies that
make up the the cosmic infrared background (CIB). We first perform a stacking
analysis towards Planck-confirmed galaxy clusters. We detect infrared emission
produced by dusty galaxies inside these clusters and demonstrate that the
infrared emission is about 50% more extended than the tSZ effect. Modelling the
emission with a Navarro--Frenk--White profile, we find that the radial profile
concentration parameter is . This indicates
that infrared galaxies in the outskirts of clusters have higher infrared flux
than cluster-core galaxies. We also study the cross-correlation between tSZ and
CIB anisotropies, following three alternative approaches based on power
spectrum analyses: (i) using a catalogue of confirmed clusters detected in
Planck data; (ii) using an all-sky tSZ map built from Planck frequency maps;
and (iii) using cross-spectra between Planck frequency maps. With the three
different methods, we detect the tSZ-CIB cross-power spectrum at significance
levels of (i) 6 , (ii) 3 , and (iii) 4 . We model the
tSZ-CIB cross-correlation signature and compare predictions with the
measurements. The amplitude of the cross-correlation relative to the fiducial
model is . This result is consistent with
predictions for the tSZ-CIB cross-correlation assuming the best-fit
cosmological model from Planck 2015 results along with the tSZ and CIB scaling
relations.Comment: 18 pages, 16 figure
Planck Intermediate Results. IV. The XMM-Newton validation programme for new Planck galaxy clusters
We present the final results from the XMM-Newton validation follow-up of new
Planck galaxy cluster candidates. We observed 15 new candidates, detected with
signal-to-noise ratios between 4.0 and 6.1 in the 15.5-month nominal Planck
survey. The candidates were selected using ancillary data flags derived from
the ROSAT All Sky Survey (RASS) and Digitized Sky Survey all-sky maps, with the
aim of pushing into the low SZ flux, high-z regime and testing RASS flags as
indicators of candidate reliability. 14 new clusters were detected by XMM,
including 2 double systems. Redshifts lie in the range 0.2 to 0.9, with 6
clusters at z>0.5. Estimated M500 range from 2.5 10^14 to 8 10^14 Msun. We
discuss our results in the context of the full XMM validation programme, in
which 51 new clusters have been detected. This includes 4 double and 2 triple
systems, some of which are chance projections on the sky of clusters at
different z. We find that association with a RASS-BSC source is a robust
indicator of the reliability of a candidate, whereas association with a FSC
source does not guarantee that the SZ candidate is a bona fide cluster.
Nevertheless, most Planck clusters appear in RASS maps, with a significance
greater than 2 sigma being a good indication that the candidate is a real
cluster. The full sample gives a Planck sensitivity threshold of Y500 ~ 4 10^-4
arcmin^2, with indication for Malmquist bias in the YX-Y500 relation below this
level. The corresponding mass threshold depends on z. Systems with M500 > 5
10^14 Msun at z > 0.5 are easily detectable with Planck. The newly-detected
clusters follow the YX-Y500 relation derived from X-ray selected samples.
Compared to X-ray selected clusters, the new SZ clusters have a lower X-ray
luminosity on average for their mass. There is no indication of departure from
standard self-similar evolution in the X-ray versus SZ scaling properties.
(abridged)Comment: accepted by A&
Planck intermediate results. XXIII. Galactic plane emission components derived from Planck with ancillary data
Galactic structure, stellar clusters and populations.-- et al.Planck data when combined with ancillary data provide a unique opportunity to separate the diffuse emission components of the inner Galaxy. The purpose of the paper is to elucidate the morphology of the various emission components in the strong star-formation region lying inside the solar radius and to clarify the relationship between the various components. The region of the Galactic plane covered is l = 300° â 0° â 60° wherestar-formation is highest and the emission is strong enough to make meaningful component separation. The latitude widths in this longitude range lie between 1° and 2°, which correspond to FWHM z-widths of 100â200âpc at a typical distance of 6âkpc. The four emission components studied here are synchrotron, free-free, anomalous microwave emission (AME), and thermal (vibrational) dust emission. These components are identified by constructing spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at positions along the Galactic plane using the wide frequency coverage of Planck (28.4â857âGHz) in combination with low-frequency radio data at 0.408â2.3âGHz plus WMAP data at 23â94âGHz, along with far-infrared (FIR) data from COBE-DIRBE and IRAS. The free-free component is determined from radio recombination line (RRL) data. AME is found to be comparable in brightness to the free-free emission on the Galactic plane in the frequency range 20â40âGHz with a width in latitude similar to that of the thermal dust; it comprises 45 ± 1% of the total 28.4âGHz emission in the longitude range l = 300° â 0° â 60°. The free-free component is the narrowest, reflecting the fact that it is produced by current star-formation as traced by the narrow distribution of OB stars. It is the dominant emission on the plane between 60 and 100âGHz. RRLs from this ionized gas are used to assess its distance, leading to a free-free z-width of FWHM â 100âpc. The narrow synchrotron component has a low-frequency brightness spectral index ÎČsynch â â2.7 that is similar to the broad synchrotron component indicating that they are both populated by the cosmic ray electrons of the same spectral index. The width of this narrow synchrotron component is significantly larger than that of the other three components, suggesting that it is generated in an assembly of older supernova remnants that have expanded to sizes of order 150âpc in 3 Ă 105âyr; pulsars of a similar age have a similar spread in latitude. The thermal dust is identified in the SEDs with average parameters of Tdust = 20.4 ± 0.4âK, ÎČFIR = 1.94 ± 0.03 (> 353âGHz), and ÎČmm = 1.67 ± 0.02 (< 353âGHz). The latitude distributions of gamma-rays, CO, and the emission in high-frequency Planck bands have similar widths, showing that they are all indicators of the total gaseous matter on the plane in the inner Galaxy.The development of Planck has been supported by: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN, JA and RES (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and PRACE (EU). The research leading to these results has received funding from an STFC Consolidated Grant (No. ST/L000768/1), as well as the European Research Council under the European Unionâs Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement Nos. 267934
and 307209.Peer Reviewe
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