Pengaruh Derajat Pengapian Terhadap Kinerja Dan Emisi Gas Motor Bakar 6 Langkah Dengan Tambahan 2 Langkah Durasi Reaksi Pembakaran Menggunakan Bahan Bakar Etanol

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh derajat pengapian terhadap kinerja dan emisi gas buang motor bakar 6 langkah menggunakan bahan bakar etanol. Kinerja yang diteliti meliputi torsi, daya efektif, konsumsi bahan bakar efektif ,dan efisiensi termal efektif, sedangkan untuk emisi gas buang yaitu CO, CO2, O2 dan HC. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian eksperimental nyata (real experiment). Pengapian menggunakan CDI dengan variasi sudut pengapian 240, 26o(standar) dan 28o. Putaran crank shaft divariasikan setiap interval 600 rpm dari 7200 rpm sampai dengan 2400 rpm. Hasil yang diperoleh pada pengujian ini adalah pada sudut pengapian 28o menghasilkan torsi dan daya efektif yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sudut pengapian 24o dan 26o. Selain itu juga menghasilkan konsumsi bahan bakar paling rendah, sehingga menjadi lebih irit bahan bakar, efisiensi termal efektif sudut pengapian 280 lebih besar dari pada sudut pengapian 26o dan 24o. Sedangkan untuk emisi gas buang pengapian mempengaruhi kadar emisi gas buang CO, O2,O2 dan HC yang dihasilkan pada pembakaran motor 6 langkah menggunakan bahan bakar etanol. Semakin maju derajat pengapian maka kadar emisi gas buang CO2 dan O2 semakin meningkat dan sebaliknya kadar emisi gas buang CO dan HC semakin menurun

Bali Economic, Mobility, Transportation and Hotels to The end of 2021 Tren

Purpose: Based on the Bali Economic Quarterly Development document for the second quarter of 2021 by BPS, the Covid-19 pandemic has become a greater distortion when compared to past events in the Province of Bali. The economic crisis in 1998, the Bali Bombing I in 2002, the Bali Bombing II in 2005, and the eruption of Mount Agung in 2017 can have a lighter impact Design/methodology/approach: Restrictions on transportation routes and calls to stay at home recommended throughout the country should negatively shock the tourism sector Findings: This number experienced a decrease of 7 visits or a decrease of -28.00 percent compared to the previous quarter. The decline in Bali tourism on a quarter to quarter basis is also in line with year on year conditions. Paper type: Research pape

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone

Kesenian Warisan Negeri Pahang : Dikir Rebana.

Khazanah kesenian negeri Pahang merupakan sesuatu yang sangat mempersonakan dan mengasyikkan yang mampu menarik pelancong luar ataupun dalam negara. Salah satu kesenian warisannya adalah Dikir Pahang. Dikir Rebana Pahang merupakan suatu seni persembahan yang sangat terkenal di Tanah Melayu terutamanya di negeri Pahang. Selain itu, kesenian ini juga dapat menarik perhatian umat Islam di negara ini khususnya negeri Pahang. Dikir Pahang terbahagi kepada dua jenis iaitu Dikir Maulud dan Dikir Rebana. Kajian ini adalah berdasarkan tiga objektif iaitu untuk mengkaji tentang sejarah dan perkembangan Dikir Rebana di negeri Pahang, mengkaji bentuk persembahan Dikir Rebana dan mengenalpasti persediaan awal sebelum permainan Dikir Rebana dimainkan. Bagi memudahkan kajian, kaedah kualitatif digunakan iaitu secara temubual dan pemerhatian serta kepustakaan. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan bahawa, permainan tersebut masih relevan sehingga kini apabila masih ada generasi yang memainkan Dikir Rebana ini. Selain itu, Dikir Rebana juga mempunyai kronologi sejarah yang unik yang menceritakan asal usul kemunculan permainan tersebut. Hasil dapatan kajian juga membuktikan bahawa Dikir Rebana ini mempunyai pelbagai bentuk persembahan dan beberapa persediaan yang perlu dilakukan sebelum mempersembahkannya