12 research outputs found
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati C
- Abbas KM
- Abbasi M
- Abbasi-Kangevari M
- Abbasifard M
- Abbastabar H
- Abd El Razek HM
- Abd El Razek MM
- Abd-Allah F
- Abdelalim A
- Abdollahi M
- Abdollahpour I
- Abdulkader RS
- Abdullah KH
- Abedi A
- Abedi P
- Abegaz KH
- Abolhassani H
- Abosetugn AE
- Aboyans V
- Abrams EM
- Abreu LG
- Abrigo MRM
- Abu Haimed AK
- Abu-Gharbieh E
- Abu-Raddad LJ
- Abualhasan A
- Abushouk AI
- Acebedo A
- Ackerman IN
- Adabi M
- Adair T
- Adamu AA
- Adebayo OM
- Adedeji IA
- Adekanmbi V
- Adelson JD
- Adeoye AM
- Adetokunboh OO
- Adham D
- Advani SM
- Afarideh M
- Afshari M
- Afshin A
- Agardh EE
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- Agasthi P
- Agesa KM
- Aghaali M
- Aghamir SMK
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- Ahmad T
- Ahmadi A
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- Ahmadieh H
- Ahmadpour E
- Ahmed MB
- Aji B
- Akalu TY
- Akinyemi RO
- Akinyemiju T
- Akombi B
- Akunna CJ
- Al-Aly Z
- Al-Mekhlafi HM
- Al-Raddadi RM
- Alahdab F
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- Albertson SB
- Alcalde-Rabanal JE
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- Alhassan RK
- Ali M
- Ali S
- Alicandro G
- Alijanzadeh M
- Alinia C
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- Alizade H
- Aljunid SM
- Alla F
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- Almadi MAH
- Almasi A
- Almasi-Hashiani A
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- Alvis-Zakzuk NJ
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- Amit AML
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- Rabiee N
- Radfar A
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- Rafiei A
- Raggi A
- Rahim F
- Rahimi-Movaghar A
- Rahman MA
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- Rajabpour-Sanati A
- Rajati F
- Rakovac I
- Ram P
- Ramezanzadeh K
- Rana SM
- Ranabhat CL
- Ranta A
- Rao PC
- Rao SJ
- Rasella D
- Rashedi V
- Rastogi P
- Rath GK
- Rathi P
- Rawaf DL
- Rawaf S
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- Rawat R
- Razo C
- Regassa LD
- Reiner RCJ
- Reinig N
- Reitsma MB
- Remuzzi G
- Renjith V
- Renzaho AMN
- Resnikoff S
- Rezaei N
- Rezaei N
- Rezai MS
- Rezapour A
- Rhinehart P-A
- Riahi SM
- Ribeiro ALP
- Ribeiro D
- Ribeiro DC
- Rickard J
- Rincon JCC
- Rivera JA
- Robalik T
- Roberts NLS
- Roberts S
- Robinson SR
- Rodriguez-Ramirez S
- Roever L
- Rolfe S
- Romoli M
- Ronfani L
- Room R
- Roshandel G
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- Roth GA
- Rothenbacher D
- Rubagotti E
- Rumisha SF
- Rwegerera GM
- Saadatagah S
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- Sadeghi E
- Sadeghi M
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- Saeidi S
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- Safiri S
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- Schwendicke F
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- Skou ST
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- Smith EUR
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- Somefun OD
- Soofi M
- Sorensen RJD
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- Spencer CN
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- Spurlock EE
- Sreeramareddy CT
- Srinivasan V
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- Stark BA
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- Stein DJ
- Steiner C
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- Steuben KM
- Stockfelt L
- Stokes MA
- Stovner LJ
- Straif K
- Stranges S
- Stubbs JL
- Suchdev PS
- Sudaryanto A
- Sufiyan MB
- Suleria HAR
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- Sultan I
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- Tadakamadla SK
- Taddele BW
- Tadesse DB
- Taherkhani A
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- Tarigan IU
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- Teklehaimanot BF
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- Tesema GA
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- Toroudi HP
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- Troeger CE
- Truelsen TC
- Tsai AC
- Tsatsakis A
- Tyrovolas S
- Uddin R
- Ullah I
- Ullah S
- Umeokonkwo CD
- Undurraga EA
- Unnikrishnan B
- Upadhyay E
- Uthman OA
- Vacante M
- Vaicekonyte R
- Vakilian A
- Valdez PR
- Valli A
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- Vardavas C
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- Vasankari TJ
- Vasconcelos AMN
- Vasseghian Y
- Veisani Y
- Velasquez IM
- Venketasubramanian N
- Vidale S
- Violante FS
- Vlassov V
- Vollset SE
- Vongpradith A
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- Wickramasinghe ND
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- Wilner LB
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- Wojtyniak B
- Woldu G
- Wolfe CDA
- Wondmeneh TG
- Wondmieneh AB
- Wool EE
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- Wu A-M
- Wu C
- Wu J
- Wunrow HY
- Xie Y
- Xu G
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- Yadgir S
- Yamada T
- Yamagishi K
- Yaminfirooz M
- Yano Y
- Yaya S
- Yazdi-Feyzabadi V
- Yearwood JA
- Yeheyis TY
- Yeshitila YG
- Yilgwan CS
- Yilma MT
- Yip P
- Yonemoto N
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- York HW
- Younis MZ
- Younker TP
- Yousefi B
- Yousefi Z
- Yousefifard M
- Yousefinezhadi T
- Yousuf AY
- Yu C
- Yu Y
- Yuan C-W
- Yuce D
- Yusefzadeh H
- Zadey S
- Zahabi SS
- Zaidi SS
- Zaki L
- Zaki MES
- Zakzuk J
- Zamani M
- Zamanian M
- Zandian H
- Zangeneh A
- Zarafshan H
- Zastrozhin MS
- Zewdie KA
- Zhang J
- Zhang Y
- Zhang Z-J
- Zhao JT
- Zhao X-JG
- Zhao Y
- Zheleva B
- Zheng P
- Zhou M
- Zhu C
- Ziapour A
- Zimsen SRM
- Zlavog BS
- Zodpey S
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 17/10/2020
- Field of study
Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati C
- Abbas KM
- Abbasi M
- Abbasi-Kangevari M
- Abbasifard M
- Abbastabar H
- Abd El Razek HM
- Abd El Razek MM
- Abd-Allah F
- Abdelalim A
- Abdollahi M
- Abdollahpour I
- Abdulkader RS
- Abdullah KH
- Abedi A
- Abedi P
- Abegaz KH
- Abolhassani H
- Abosetugn AE
- Aboyans V
- Abrams EM
- Abreu LG
- Abrigo MRM
- Abu Haimed AK
- Abu-Gharbieh E
- Abu-Raddad LJ
- Abualhasan A
- Abushouk AI
- Acebedo A
- Ackerman IN
- Adabi M
- Adair T
- Adamu AA
- Adebayo OM
- Adedeji IA
- Adekanmbi V
- Adelson JD
- Adeoye AM
- Adetokunboh OO
- Adham D
- Advani SM
- Afarideh M
- Afshari M
- Afshin A
- Agardh EE
- Agarwal G
- Agasthi P
- Agesa KM
- Aghaali M
- Aghamir SMK
- Agrawal A
- Ahmad T
- Ahmadi A
- Ahmadi K
- Ahmadi M
- Ahmadieh H
- Ahmadpour E
- Ahmed MB
- Aji B
- Akalu TY
- Akinyemi RO
- Akinyemiju T
- Akombi B
- Akunna CJ
- Al-Aly Z
- Al-Mekhlafi HM
- Al-Raddadi RM
- Alahdab F
- Alam K
- Alam N
- Alam S
- Alam T
- Alanezi FM
- Alanzi TM
- Albertson SB
- Alcalde-Rabanal JE
- Alema NM
- Alemu BW
- Alemu YM
- Alhabib KF
- Alhassan RK
- Ali M
- Ali S
- Alicandro G
- Alijanzadeh M
- Alinia C
- Alipour V
- Alizade H
- Aljunid SM
- Alla F
- Allebeck P
- Almadi MAH
- Almasi A
- Almasi-Hashiani A
- Almasri NA
- Almulhim AM
- Alonso J
- Altirkawi KA
- Alumran AK
- Alvis-Guzman N
- Alvis-Zakzuk NJ
- Amare AT
- Amare B
- Amini S
- Amini-Rarani M
- Aminorroaya A
- Amiri F
- Amit AML
- Amugsi DA
- Amul GGH
- Anbesu EW
- Ancuceanu R
- Anderlini D
- Anderson JA
- Andrei CL
- Andrei T
- Androudi S
- Angus C
- Anjomshoa M
- Ansari F
- Ansari I
- Ansari-Moghaddam A
- Antonazzo IC
- Antonio CAT
- Antony CM
- Antriyandarti E
- Anvari D
- Anwer R
- Appiah SCY
- Arab-Zozani M
- Arabloo J
- Aravkin AY
- Arba AAK
- Aremu O
- Ariani F
- Aripov T
- Armoon B
- Arnlov J
- Arowosegbe OO
- Aryal KK
- Arzani A
- Asaad M
- Asadi-Aliabadi M
- Asadi-Pooya AA
- Asgari S
- Asghari B
- Ashbaugh C
- Assmus M
- Atafar Z
- Athari SS
- Atnafu DD
- Atout MMW
- Atre SR
- Atteraya MS
- Ausloos F
- Ausloos M
- Avila-Burgos L
- Avokpaho EFGA
- Ayano G
- Ayanore MA
- Aynalem GL
- Aynalem YA
- Ayza MA
- Azari S
- Azarian G
- Azene ZN
- Azhar G
- Azzopardi PS
- Babaee E
- Badawi A
- Badiye AD
- Bagherzadeh M
- Bagli E
- Bahrami MA
- Baig AA
- Bairwa M
- Bakhshaei MH
- Bakhtiari A
- Bakkannavar SM
- Balachandran A
- Balakrishnan S
- Balalla S
- Balassyano S
- Baldasseroni A
- Bali AO
- Ball K
- Ballew SH
- Balzi D
- Banach M
- Bandpei MAM
- Banerjee SK
- Banik PC
- Bannick MS
- Bante AB
- Bante SA
- Baraki AG
- Barboza MA
- Barker-Collo SL
- Barnighausen TW
- Barrero LH
- Barthelemy CM
- Barua L
- Barzegar A
- Basaleem H
- Bassat Q
- Basu S
- Baune BT
- Bayati M
- Baye BA
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- Becker JS
- Bedi N
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- Bekuma TTT
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- Bello AK
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- Bensenor IM
- Benziger CP
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- Bernabe E
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- Bertolacci GJ
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- Bhageerathy R
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- Bhattarai S
- Bhutta ZA
- Bibi S
- Bicer BK
- Biehl MH
- Bijani A
- Bikbov B
- Bilano V
- Bin Sayeed MS
- Bin Zaman S
- Biondi A
- Birihane BM
- Bisanzio D
- Bisignano C
- Biswas RK
- Bitew H
- Bjorge T
- Bockarie MJ
- Bohlouli S
- Bohluli M
- Bojia HA
- Bolla SR
- Boloor A
- Boon-Dooley AS
- Borges G
- Borzi AM
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- Bose D
- Bosetti C
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- Bourne R
- Brady OJ
- Braithwaite D
- Brauer M
- Brayne C
- Breitborde NJK
- Breitner S
- Brenner H
- Breusov AV
- Briant PS
- Briggs AM
- Briko AN
- Briko NI
- Britton GB
- Brugha T
- Bryazka D
- Buchbinder R
- Bumgarner BR
- Burkart K
- Burnett RT
- Busse R
- Butt ZA
- Caetano dos Santos FL
- Cahill LE
- Cahuana-Hurtado L
- Cai T
- Callender CSKH
- Camera LA
- Campos-Nonato IR
- Cao J
- Car J
- Car LT
- Cardenas R
- Carreras G
- Carrero JJ
- Carvalho F
- Castaldelli-Maia JM
- Castaneda-Orjuela CA
- Castelpietra G
- Castle CD
- Castro E
- Castro F
- Catala-Lopez F
- Causey K
- Cederroth CR
- Cercy KM
- Cerin E
- Chalek J
- Chandan JS
- Chang AR
- Chang AY
- Chang J-C
- Chang K-L
- Charan J
- Charlson FJ
- Chattu VK
- Chaturvedi S
- Cherbuin N
- Chimed-Ochir O
- Chin KL
- Chirinos-Caceres JL
- Cho DY
- Choi J-YJ
- Christensen H
- Chu D-T
- Chung MT
- Chung S-C
- Cicuttini FM
- Ciobanu LG
- Cirillo M
- Cislaghi B
- Classen TKD
- Cohen AJ
- Collins EL
- Comfort H
- Compton K
- Conti S
- Cooper OR
- Corso B
- Cortesi PA
- Costa VM
- Cousin E
- Cowden RG
- Cowie BC
- Cromwell EA
- Croneberger AJ
- Cross DH
- Cross M
- Crowe CS
- Cruz JA
- Cummins S
- Cunningham M
- D'Amico E
- da Silva DD
- Dahlawi SMA
- Dai H
- Dai H
- Damasceno AAM
- Damiani G
- Dandona L
- Dandona R
- Daneshpajouhnejad P
- Dangel WJ
- Danielsson A-K
- Dargan PI
- Darshan BB
- Darwesh AM
- Daryani A
- Das Gupta R
- Das Neves J
- Das JK
- Dash AP
- Davey G
- Davila-Cervantes CA
- Davis AC
- Davitoiu DV
- Davletov K
- De Leo D
- De Neve J-W
- Dean FE
- DeCleene NK
- Deen A
- Defo BK
- Degenhardt L
- DeLang M
- Dellavalle RP
- Demeke FM
- Demoz GT
- Demsie DG
- Denova-Gutierrez E
- Dereje ND
- Deribe K
- Dervenis N
- Desai R
- Desalew A
- Dessie GA
- Deuba K
- Dharmaratne SD
- Dhungana GP
- Dianatinasab M
- Diaz D
- Dichgans M
- Didarloo A
- Dingels ZV
- Dippenaar IN
- Dirac MA
- Djalalinia S
- Do HT
- Dokova K
- Doku DT
- Dolecek C
- Dolgert AJ
- Dorostkar F
- Doshi CP
- Doshi PP
- Doshmangir L
- Douiri A
- Doxey MC
- Doyle KE
- Driscoll TR
- Dubljanin E
- Dunachie SJ
- Duncan BB
- Duraes AR
- Eagan AW
- Ebrahimi H
- Edvardsson D
- Effiong A
- Ehrlich JR
- El Nahas N
- El Sayed I
- El Tantawi M
- El-Jaafary SI
- Elbarazi I
- Elgendy IY
- Elhabashy HR
- Elsharkawy A
- Elyazar IRF
- Emamian MH
- Emmons-Bell S
- Erskine HE
- Eshrati B
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- Eskandarieh S
- Esmaeilnejad S
- Esmaeilzadeh F
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- Esteghamati S
- Estep K
- Etemadi A
- Etisso AE
- Ezekannagha O
- Fanzo J
- Farag T
- Farahmand M
- Faraj A
- Faraon EJA
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- Faridnia R
- Farinha CSES
- Farioli A
- Faris PS
- Faro A
- Faruque M
- Farzadfar F
- Fattahi N
- Fazaeli AA
- Fazlzadeh M
- Feigin VL
- Feldman R
- Fereshtehnejad S-M
- Fernandes E
- Ferrara G
- Ferrara P
- Ferrari AJ
- Ferreira ML
- Feyissa GT
- Filip I
- Fischer F
- Fisher JL
- Fitzgerald R
- Flohr C
- Flor LS
- Foigt NA
- Folayan MO
- Fomenkov AA
- Force LM
- Fornari C
- Forooshani ZSD
- Foroutan M
- Fox JT
- Francis JM
- Frank TD
- Franklin RC
- Freitas M
- Fu W
- Fukumoto T
- Fukutaki K
- Fuller JE
- Fullman N
- Furtado JM
- Gad MM
- Gaidhane AM
- Gakidou E
- Galles NC
- Gallus S
- Gamkrelidze A
- Garcia-Basteiro AL
- Gardner WM
- Geberemariyam BS
- Gebrehiwot AM
- Gebremedhin KB
- Gebremeskel GG
- Gebremeskel LG
- Gebresillassie BM
- Gebreslassie AAAA
- Gela JD
- Geramo YCD
- Geremew A
- Gesesew HA
- Gething PW
- Gezae KE
- Ghadimi M
- Ghadiri K
- Ghaffarifar F
- Ghafourifard M
- Ghajar A
- Ghamari F
- Ghashghaee A
- Ghiasvand H
- Ghith N
- Gholamian A
- Ghosh R
- Giampaoli S
- Gilani SA
- Gill PS
- Gill TK
- Gillum RF
- Ginawi IA
- Ginindza TG
- Gitimoghaddam M
- Giussani G
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- Glushkova EV
- Gnedovskaya EV
- Godinho MA
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- Golechha M
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- Gopalani SV
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- Gorman TM
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- Goulart BNG
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- Gugnani HC
- Guimaraes ALS
- Guimaraes RA
- Guled RA
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- Guo G
- Guo Y
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- Haile TG
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- Hanson SW
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- Hassanipour S
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- Iavicoli I
- Ibeneme CU
- Ibitoye SE
- Ikeda N
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- Ippolito H
- Iqbal U
- Irvani SSN
- Irvine CMS
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- Islam MM
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- Jafarabadi MA
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- Janodia MD
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- Jayatilleke AU
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- John-Akinola YO
- Johnson CO
- Johnson SC
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- Kabir Z
- Kafil HS
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- Kalani R
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3.5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.Peer reviewe
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez L
- Abdeen ZA
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Acosta-Cazares B
- Adams RJ
- Aekplakorn W
- Afsana K
- Afzal S
- Agdeppa IA
- Aghazadeh-Attari J
- Aguilar-Salinas CA
- Agyemang C
- Ahmad NA
- Ahmadi A
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- Ahmadizar F
- Ahmed SH
- Ahrens W
- Ajlouni K
- Al Nsour M
- Al-Raddadi R
- Alarouj M
- AlBuhairan F
- AlDhukair S
- Ali MM
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- Alkerwi A
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- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 28/10/2022
- Field of study
Background: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories.Methods: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age.Findings: The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran.Interpretation: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings.Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier.</p
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez L
- Abdeen ZA
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Acosta-Cazares B
- Adams RJ
- Aekplakorn W
- Afsana K
- Afzal S
- Agdeppa IA
- Aghazadeh-Attari J
- Aguilar-Salinas CA
- Agyemang C
- Ahmad NA
- Ahmadi A
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmadizar F
- Ahmed SH
- Ahrens W
- Ajlouni K
- Al Nsour M
- Al-Raddadi R
- Alarouj M
- AlBuhairan F
- AlDhukair S
- Ali MM
- Alkandari A
- Alkerwi A
- Allin K
- Aly E
- Amarapurkar DN
- Amougou N
- Amouyel P
- Andersen LB
- Anderssen SA
- Andre Moura-dos-Santos M
- Anjana RM
- Ansari-Moghaddam A
- Ansong D
- Aounallah-Skhiri H
- Araujo J
- Ariansen I
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- Assah FK
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- Auvinen J
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- Azmin M
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- Bahijri S
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- Yoosefi M
- Yoshihara A
- You S-L
- Younger-Coleman NO
- Yusoff AF
- Yusoff MFM
- Zainuddin AA
- Zakavi SR
- Zamani F
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- Zeng Y
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- Zuniga Cisneros J
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Funding WHO
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
- Author
- Abarca-Gómez L
- Abdeen ZA
- Abdrakhmanova S
- Abdul Rahim HF
- Abdurrahmonova Z
- Abril GL
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Acosta-Cazares B
- Adam I
- Adamczyk M
- Adams RJ
- Adu-Afarwuah S
- Aekplakorn W
- Afsana K
- Afzal S
- Agbor VN
- Agdeppa IA
- Aghazadeh-Attari J
- Aguenaou H
- Aguilar-Salinas CA
- Agyemang C
- Ahmad MH
- Ahmad NA
- Ahmadi A
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmed I
- Ahmed SH
- Ahrens W
- Aitmurzaeva G
- Ajlouni K
- Al Hourani HM
- Al Qaoud NM
- Al-Hazzaa HM
- Al-Lahou B
- Al-Raddadi R
- Alarouj M
- AlBuhairan F
- AlDhukair S
- Aldwairji MA
- Alexius S
- Ali MM
- Alkandari A
- Alkerwi A
- Alkhatib BM
- Allin K
- Alvarez-Pedrerol M
- Aly E
- Amarapurkar DN
- Amoah J
- Amougou N
- Amouyel P
- Andersen LB
- Anderssen SA
- Androutsos O
- Anjana RM
- Ansari-Moghaddam A
- Anufrieva E
- Aounallah-Skhiri H
- Araújo J
- Ariansen I
- Aris T
- Arku RE
- Arlappa N
- Aryal KK
- Aseffa N
- Aspelund T
- Assah FK
- Assembekov B
- Assunção MCF
- Aung MS
- Auvinen J
- Avdičová M
- Avi S
- Azevedo A
- Azimi-Nezhad M
- Azizi F
- Azmin M
- Babu BV
- Baharudin A
- Bahijri S
- Bakacs M
- Baker JL
- Balakrishna N
- Balanova Y
- Bamoshmoosh M
- Banach M
- Banegas JR
- Bao TQ
- Baran J
- Baran R
- Barbagallo CM
- Barceló A
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- Sans S
- Santacruz E
- Santos DA
- Santos IS
- Santos LC
- Santos MP
- Santos O
- Santos R
- Santos TR
- Sant’Angelo VF
- Saramies JL
- Sardinha LB
- Sarrafzadegan N
- Sathish T
- Saum K-U
- Savin S
- Savva S
- Savy M
- Sawada N
- Sbaraini M
- Scazufca M
- Schaan BD
- Schargrodsky H
- Schienkiewitz A
- Schindler K
- Schipf S
- Schmidt CO
- Schmidt IM
- Schneider A
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- Schramm S
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- Schröder H
- Schultsz C
- Schulze MB
- Schutte AE
- Schöttker B
- Sebert S
- Sedaghattalab M
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- Sember V
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- Senbanjo IO
- Sepanlou SG
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- Servais J
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- Shamah-Levy T
- Shamshirgaran SM
- Shanthirani CS
- Sharafkhah M
- Sharma SK
- Shaw JE
- Shayanrad A
- Shayesteh AA
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- Shibuya K
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- Shimony T
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- Simons LA
- Singleton RK
- Sjöberg A
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- Skodje G
- Slazhnyova T
- Slowikowska-Hilczer J
- Slusarczyk P
- Smeeth L
- So H-K
- Soares FC
- Sobek G
- Sobngwi E
- Sodemann M
- Soekatri MYE
- Soemantri A
- Sofat R
- Solano MG
- Solfrizzi V
- Somi MH
- Sonestedt E
- Song Y
- Soofi S
- Sophiea MK
- Sorić M
- Soto-Rojas VE
- Soumaré A
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- Sovic S
- Sparboe-Nilsen B
- Sparrenberger K
- Spencer PR
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- Spiroski I
- Staessen JA
- Stamm H
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- Stehle P
- Stein AD
- Stergiou GS
- Stessman J
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- Stevens GA
- Stieber J
- Stokwiszewski J
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- Stratton G
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- Sturua L
- Stöckl D
- Suka M
- Sun C-A
- Sun L
- Sundström J
- Sung Y-T
- Sunyer J
- Suriyawongpaisal P
- Suárez-Medina R
- Sweis NWG
- Swinburn BA
- Sy RG
- Sylva RC
- Szklo M
- Szponar L
- Sánchez-Abanto J
- Söderberg S
- Sørensen TIA
- Sørgjerd EP
- Tabone L
- Tai ES
- Tambalis KD
- Tammesoo M-L
- Tamosiunas A
- Tan EJ
- Tang X
- Tanrygulyyeva M
- Tanser F
- Tao Y
- Tarawneh MR
- Tarp J
- Tarqui-Mamani CB
- Taylor A
- Taylor J
- Tchibindat F
- Te Velde S
- Tebar WR
- Tell GS
- Tello T
- Tham YC
- Thankappan KR
- Theobald H
- Theodoridis X
- Thomas N
- Thorand B
- Thuesen BH
- Tichá Ľ
- Timmermans EJ
- Tjandrarini DH
- Tjonneland A
- Tolonen HK
- Tolstrup JS
- Topbas M
- Topór-Mądry R
- Torheim LE
- Tormo MJ
- Tornaritis MJ
- Torrent M
- Torres-Collado L
- Toselli S
- Touloumi G
- Traissac P
- Tran TT-H
- Tremblay MS
- Triantafyllou A
- Trichopoulos D
- Trichopoulou A
- Trinh OTH
- Trivedi A
- Tsao Y-H
- Tshepo L
- Tsigga M
- Tsintavis P
- Tsugane S
- Tuitele J
- Tuliakova AM
- Tulloch-Reid MK
- Tullu F
- Tuomainen T-P
- Tuomilehto J
- Turley ML
- Twig G
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- Tzotzas T
- Tzourio C
- Ueda P
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- Ukoli FAM
- Ulmer H
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- Uusitalo HMT
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- van Dam RM
- van den Born B-J
- Van der Heyden J
- van der Schouw YT
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- Van Lippevelde W
- Van Minh H
- Van Schoor NM
- van Valkengoed IGM
- Vanderschueren D
- Vanuzzo D
- Varbo A
- Varela-Moreiras G
- Vargas LN
- Varona-Pérez P
- Vasan SK
- Vasques DG
- Vega T
- Veidebaum T
- Velasquez-Melendez G
- Velika B
- Verloigne M
- Veronesi G
- Verschuren WMM
- Victora CG
- Viegi G
- Viet L
- Vik FN
- Vilar M
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- Vioque J
- Virtanen JK
- Visvikis-Siest S
- Viswanathan B
- Vladulescu M
- Vlasoff T
- Vocanec D
- Vollenweider P
- Voutilainen A
- Vrijheid M
- Vrijkotte TGM
- Vrkic TZ
- Völzke H
- Wade AN
- Waldhör T
- Walton J
- Wambiya EOA
- Wang M-D
- Wang N
- Wang Q
- Wang X
- Wang Y-W
- Wang YX
- Wannamethee SG
- Wareham N
- Weber A
- Webster-Kerr K
- Wedderkopp N
- Weghuber D
- Wei W
- Weres A
- Werner B
- Westbury LD
- Whincup PH
- Wickramasinghe K
- Widhalm K
- Widyahening IS
- Wild PS
- Wilks RJ
- Willeit J
- Willeit P
- Williams J
- Wilsgaard T
- Wirth JP
- Więcek A
- Wojciech R
- Wojtyniak B
- Wolf K
- Wong A
- Wong EB
- Wong JE
- Wong NI
- Wong TY
- Wong-McClure RA
- Woo J
- Woodward M
- Wu FC
- Wu H-Y
- Wu J
- Wu LJ
- Wu S
- Wyszyńska J
- Xu H
- Xu L
- Yaacob NA
- Yamborisut U
- Yan W
- Yang L
- Yang X
- Yang Y
- Yardim N
- Yasuharu T
- Yiallouros PK
- Yngve A
- Yoosefi M
- Yoshihara A
- You QS
- You S-L
- Younger-Coleman NO
- Yu Y
- Yu Y-L
- Yusof SM
- Yusoff AF
- Yusoff MFM
- Zaccagni L
- Zafiropulos V
- Zainuddin AA
- Zakavi SR
- Zamani F
- Zambon S
- Zampelas A
- Zamrazilová H
- Zapata ME
- Zargar AH
- Zaw KK
- Zayed AA
- Zdrojewski T
- Zejglicova K
- Zeng Y
- Zhang L
- Zhang Z-Y
- Zhao D
- Zhao M-H
- Zhao W
- Zhecheva YV
- Zhen S
- Zheng W
- Zheng Y
- Zholdin B
- Zhou B
- Zhou M
- Zhu D
- Zins M
- Zitt E
- Zocalo Y
- Zoghlami N
- Zuziak M
- Ängquist L
- Čapková N
- Łuszczki E
- Šalaj S
- Ševčíková Ľ
- Żegleń M
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
AbstractOptimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.</jats:p
Effects of dicyandiamide and Mg/P on the global warming potential of swine slurry and sawdust cocomposting
- Author
- A Kunz
- A Mohajer
- A Vallejo
- AC VanderZaag
- AOAC
- APHA AWWA, WEF
- C Aita
- C Dennehy
- C Gilsanz
- E Cahalan
- E Cherubini
- E Smith
- F Ali Shah
- G Angnes
- HJ Di
- HJ Di
- HK Ahn
- IPCC
- J Feng
- J Ge
- J Jiang
- J Singh
- J Wu
- J Zhang
- J Zhong
- J Čuhel
- JE Lee
- JE Lee
- JR Soares
- L Ren
- LV Oliveira
- M Giles
- M Senbayram
- M Zaman
- M Zaman
- ML Cayuela
- MP Bernal
- MS Mkhabela
- P Merino
- PJ Talboys
- R Ruser
- RA Grave
- T Jiang
- T Jiang
- T Jiang
- T Jiang
- T Lan
- TJ Rose
- X Wang
- Y Fukumoto
- Y Fukumoto
- Y Fukumoto
- Y Luo
- YK Jeong
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
A systematic review of cardiac time intervals utilising non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram in normal fetuses
- Author
- A Agostinelli
- A Kurjak
- Amrish Nair
- B Arya
- B Brambati
- B Brambati
- B Brambati
- B Yilmaz
- BK Strachan
- C Widmark
- CH Peters
- D Ayres-de-Campos
- Diane Ansermet
- EL Chia
- Euan Morrison Wallace
- Fabricio da Silva Costa
- G Pardi
- GD Clifford
- I Zador
- J Behar
- J Pan
- J Reinhard
- J Reinhard
- J Reinhard
- J Reinhard
- J Sletten
- JA Westgate
- KH Lee
- KMJ Verdurmen
- KMJ Verdurmen
- M Morgan
- M Peters
- M-N Yeh
- MA Oudijk
- MJ Rooijakkers
- MJ Taylor
- MJO Taylor
- MP Mohajer
- NN Reed
- PC Bakker
- R Hayashi
- R Luzietti
- R Sameni
- RT Wakai
- S Abboud
- SD Larks
- Senthuran Arunthavanathan
- TY Euliano
- Vinayak Smith
- WJ van Wijngaarden
- WJ van Wijngaarden
- WR Cohen
- Y Sun
- Z Alfirevic
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Characterization of Solid Digestates: Part 1, Review of Existing Indicators to Assess Solid Digestates Agricultural Use
- Author
- A Guardia de
- A Guardia de
- A Hassen
- A Kapanen
- A Mohajer
- A Tremier
- A Tremier
- AH Igoni
- C Baffi
- C Cote
- C Druilhe
- C Francou
- C Tognetti
- DP Komilis
- DP Komilis
- E Madejon
- E Salminen
- F Tambone
- F Tambone
- G Evanylo
- G Lashermes
- GA Ekama
- H Hartmann
- H Kirchmann
- H Kirchmann
- HB Moller
- HJ Bendixen
- HM Poggi-Varaldo
- I Walter
- JC Hargreaves
- JC Novoa-Munoz
- JM Agnew
- K Fricke
- K Fricke
- K Lasaridi
- K Meissl
- K Vorkamp
- L Sahlstrom
- L Walker
- L Wu
- LL Fialho
- M Diacono
- M Kayhanian
- M Tuomela
- M Vikman
- MA Bustamante
- MF Drennan
- MP Bernal
- MR Mosquera-Losada
- P Buffiere
- P Campitelli
- PJ Soest Van
- R Barrena
- R Barrena Gomez
- R Cossu
- R Jones
- R Mohee
- RT Haug
- S Goyal
- S Hachicha
- S Ponsa
- SM Tiquia
- SP Mathur
- T Forster-Carneiro
- T Paavola
- VN Gunaseelan
- WE Eleazer
- WF Brinton
- X Gomez
- X Gomez
- Y Harada
- YA Abdullahi
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Probabilistic risk assessment (Monte Carlo simulation method) of Pb and Cd in the onion bulb (Allium cepa) and soil of Iran
- Author
- A Christou
- A Donkor
- A Heshmati
- A Heshmati
- A Mahmood
- A Maleki
- A Mousavi Khaneghah
- A Mousavi Khaneghah
- A Mousavi Khaneghah
- A Shahsavani
- A Yusuf
- A Zafarzadeh
- AE Fathabad
- Alireza Darvishi
- Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Azimeh Khezri
- Aziz Rahimizadeh
- B Ghasemidehkordi
- B Li
- Bigard Moradi
- C Sun
- C-S Qu
- D Gidlow
- D Nakada
- D Voutsa
- F-l Li
- FAO
- FF Sun
- Gea Oliveri Conti
- H Arfaeinia
- H Colak
- H Gitet
- H Keramati
- H Voet van der
- Hassan Keramati
- J Fu
- J Godt
- J Rahmani
- J Rahmani
- J-H Park
- JK Adesodun
- KL Mossman
- L Järup
- L Xu
- L-B Pan
- M Abtahi
- M Adel
- M Amini
- M Firestone
- M Harmanescu
- M Kashem
- M Lei
- M Muchuweti
- M Yadolahi
- M Yousefi
- M-J Chen
- Margherita Ferrante
- MC Jung
- Mehrdad Ahmadi
- MP Waalkes
- MR Hadiani
- MU Khan
- N Razzaghi
- N Shaheen
- Nazak Amanidaz
- P Bjerregaard
- P Govind
- PE Shahrbabki
- Q-M Ru
- R Mohajer
- RA Baan
- RH Liu
- S Gupta
- S Najam
- S Shoeibi
- S Thakur
- U Çelik
- USEPA
- Vajihe Hasanzadeh
- W Hu
- W Hu
- W-E Song
- X Ma
- Y Du
- Y Fakhri
- Y Fakhri
- Y Fakhri
- Y Fakhri
- Y Fakhri
- Y Zhou
- Y-W Qiu
- Yadolah Fakhri
- YN Jolly
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study