A method to assess annual average renewable groundwater reserves for large regions in Spain

This paper proposes a method for assessing the groundwater renewable reserves of large regions for an average year, based on the integration of the recession curves for their basins springs or the natural base flow of their rivers. In this method, the hydrodynamic volume (or renewable reserves), were estimated from the baseflow equation. It was assumed that the flow was the same as the natural recharge, and that the recession coefficients were derived by the hydrogeological parameters and geometrical characteristics of aquifers, and adjusted to fit the recession curves at gauging stations. The method was applied to all the aquifers of Spain, which have a total groundwater renewable reserve of 86,895 hm3 four times the mean annual recharge. However, the distribution of these reserves is very variable; 18.6% of the country aquifers contain 94.7% of the entire reserve

Development of operating rules for a complex multireservoir system by coupling genetic algorithms and network optimization

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Hydrological Sciences Journal on MAY 1 2013, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.779777[EN] An alternative procedure for assessment of reservoir Operation Rules (ORs) under drought situations is proposed. The definition of ORs for multi-reservoir water resources systems (WRSs) is a topic that has been widely studied by means of optimization and simulation techniques. A traditional approach is to link optimization methods with simulation models. Thus the objective here is to obtain drought ORs for a real and complex WRS: the Júcar River basin in Spain, in which one of the main issues is the resource allocation among agricultural demands in periods of drought. To deal with this problem, a method based on the combined use of genetic algorithms (GA) and network flow optimization (NFO) is presented. The GA used was PIKAIA, which has previously been used in other water resources related fields. This algorithm was linked to the SIMGES simulation model, a part of the AQUATOOL decision support system (DSS). Several tests were developed for defining the parameters of the GA. The optimization of various ORs was analysed with the objective of minimizing short-term and long-term water deficits. The results show that simple ORs produce similar results to more sophisticated ones. The usefulness of this approach in the assessment of ORs for complex multi-reservoir systems is demonstrated.The authors wish to thank the Confederacion Hidrogrofica del Jucar (Spanish Ministry of the Environment) for the data provided in developing this study and the Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, CICYT (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) for funding the projects INTEGRAME (contract CGL2009-11798) and SCARCE (programme Consolider-Ingenio 2010, project CSD2009-00065). The authors also thank the European Commission (Directorate-General for Research and Innovation) for funding the project DROUGHT-R&SPI (programme FP7-ENV-2011, project 282769) and the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Commission for funding the project SIRIUS (FP7-SPACE-2010-1, project 262902). We are grateful to the reviewers for their valuable comments, which have improved this paper.Lerma Elvira, N.; Paredes Arquiola, J.; Andreu Álvarez, J.; Solera Solera, A. (2013). Development of operating rules for a complex multireservoir system by coupling genetic algorithms and network optimization. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 58(4):797-812. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.779777S79781258

Key Issues for Determining the Exploitable Water Resources in a Mediterranean River Basin

[EN] One of the major difficulties in water planning is to determine the water availability in a water resource system in order to distribute water sustainably. In this paper, we analyze the key issues for determining the exploitable water resources as an indicator of water availability in a Mediterranean river basin. Historically, these territories are characterized by heavily regulated water resources and the extensive use of unconventional resources (desalination and wastewater reuse); hence, emulating the hydrological cycle is not enough. This analysis considers the Jucar River Basin as a case study. We have analyzed the different possible combinations between the streamflow time series, the length of the simulation period and the reliability criteria. As expected, the results show a wide dispersion, proving the great influence of the reliability criteria used for the quantification and localization of the exploitable water resources in the system. Therefore, it is considered risky to provide a single value to represent the water availability in the Jucar water resource system. In this sense, it is necessary that policymakers and stakeholders make a decision about the methodology used to determine the exploitable water resources in a river basin. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The authors wish to thank the Confederacion Hidrografica del Jucar (Spanish Ministry of the Environment) for the data provided in developing this study and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for its financial support through the projects SCARCE (Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065) and NUTEGES (CGL2012-34978). We also value the support provided by the European Community's Seventh Framework Program in financing the projects DROUGHT-R82SPI (FP7-ENV-2011, 282769), ENHANCE (FP7-ENV-2012, 308438), WAMCD (EC-DG Environment No. 07.0329/2013/671291/ SUB/ENV.C1) and LIFE ALBUFERA (LIFE12 ENV/ES/000685).Pedro Monzonís, M.; Ferrer Polo, FJ.; Solera Solera, A.; Estrela Monreal, T.; Paredes Arquiola, J. (2015). Key Issues for Determining the Exploitable Water Resources in a Mediterranean River Basin. Science of the Total Environment. 503-504:319-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.042S319328503-50

Analisis Finansial Peternak Plasma Ayam Pedaging Pola Kemitraan Pada Pt “Jaguar Sejahtera” Di Kecamatan Dampit Kabupaten Malang

Usaha peternakan ayam pedaging adalah salah satu andalan dalam subsector peternakan di Indonesia. Usaha peternakan ayam pedaging menurut SK Menteri Pertanian No 472/Kpts/TN.330/6/1996, peternakan ayam ras pedaging atau ayam pedaging dengan jumlah ternak yang dipelihara tidak melebihi 15.000 ekor per periode adalah usaha budidaya ayam ras yang dilakukan oleh perorangan secara individual atau kelompok usaha bersama (koperasi),sedangkan jumlah minimum yang harus dimiliki perusahaan peternakan adalah 65.000 ekor per periode Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Dampit Kabupaten Malang pada tanggal 10 Mei – 10 Juni 2015. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah karena peternak perlu mengetahui analisis finansial secara terperinci sebagai acuan dalam mengembangkan usaha yang lebih baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui modal, biaya produksi, penerimaan, laba, BEP, R / C ( Ratio ) dan rentabilitas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei. Penegumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara menggunakan kuesioner untuk mendapatkan data primer dan data sekunder. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara desskriptif dengan menggunakan rumus-rumus ekonomi yang meliputi Laba ( profit ), BEP ( break even point ), R / C ( ratio ) dan Rentabilitas. Responden dalam penelitian ini plasma peternakan kemitraan ayam potong di PT “Jaguar Sejahtera”. Hasil penelitian di plasma peternakan kemitraan ayam potong PT. “Jaguar Sejahtera” di Kecamatan Dampit Kabupaten Malang menunjukan bahwa sehingga rata-rata laba yang diperoleh usaha peternak plasma skala 1, skala 2, dan skala 3 sebesar Rp. 8136919.167, Rp. 8.778.766,13 dan Rp. 12.306.734,67. BEP Harga/ ekor pada kandang plasma Rp. 28.898,05, Rp. 28.329 dan Rp. 27.766,73 ,atau pada saat peternak plasma penjualan ayam potong sebanyak 226,69, 253,78 dan 274,26. Untuk R / C ( Ratio ) pada perterak plasma sebesar 1,09, 1,05, 1,05 untuk rentabilitas pada peternak plasma sebesar 9,3%, 5,1 % dan 4,7%. vii Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa usaha peternak plasma kemitraan ayam potong PT “Jaguar Sejahtera” mengalami keuntungan dan memiliki rentabilitas yang kurang bagus. Peternakan plasma PT Jaguar Sejahtera disarankan sebaiknya lebih memperhatikan tata laksana pemeliharaan agar efisiensi biaya produksi optimal, peternak harus melakukan bandingan kemitraan dan peternak harus mengikuti informasi pasar karena untuk menentukan langkah-langkah yang berkaitan dengan keputusan usaha