The Empowerment Model of Cetho Temple Area As The Tirta Yatra Tourism and Widya Wisata Based on Tri Hita Karana In Jenawi Karanganyar.

The research entitled Revitalization Model of CethoTemple Area as the Tirta Yatra Tourism and Widya Wisata Based on Tri Hita Karana in Jenawi Karanganyar is the follow-up of the preliminary research entitled Revitalization Model of Cetho Temple Area as the Tirta Yatra Tourism and Widya Wisata Based on Tri Hita Karana in Jenawi Karanganyar. The findings in the first stage includes temple inventorying as the Tirta Yatra object, creating the cosmology of Cetha heaven universe, a Hinduism cosmology in that Area specifically. The empowerment model that can be offered in line with the area potential to all tourism stakeholders is the investment partnership empowerment: PMA, PMDN and/or none of them/special facility investment. The investment partnership empowerment can be explained into: Local Investment, Foreign Investment, Local and Foreign Partnership, Public and Private Partnership. The research entitled Revitalization Model of Cetho Temple Area as the Tirta Yatra Tourism and Widya Wisata Based on Tri Hita Karana in Jenawi Karanganyar is the architectural research, focusing specifically on the conservation field, because revitalization is a part of conservation. The concepts in Hindu religion underlie the revitalization model. Cetho Temple itself is the Hinduist cult temple. Ecology is the supporting discipline in this research in which it is expected to be the reference for the sustainable tourism development. Karanganyar Tourism Office had assigned the Sukuh and Cetho temples as the religious (Tirta Yatra) and education (Widya Wisata) tourism because those temples were originally built for the cult place by the Hinduist in the end of Majapahit reign in XIV century by Prabu Brawijaya. The problem lifted in this research is how is the Revitalization Model of Cetho Temple Area as the Tirta Yatra Tourism and Widya Wisata Based on Tri Hita Karana in Jenawi Karanganyar. This research was carried out for 3 years in three stages. The first stage is to find the macro layout of religious and educative tourism in Jenawi Subdistrict of Karanganyar Regency. The second stage is to look for the tourism stakeholder empowerment model for Cetho Temple area. The third stage, the core of research, is to find the revitalization model of Cetho Temple Area as the Tirta Yatra Tourism and Widya Wisata Based on Tri Hita Karana in Jenawi Subdistrict of Karanganyar. Method of collecting data employed in this study was phenomenological qualitative one, the data was obtained from observation and interview, inductive analysis, and the findings are particular in nature. Phenomenological method was used in collecting data, because its characteristics tend to end up in the datum. Meanwhile for the analysis on potential/strength, challenge, opportunity, etc, the SWOT analysis was used. Meanwhile in the third stage, the simulation and modeling methods were employed. In the first stage, the inventory and identification of potentials will be done, concerning both physical and non physical ones. The physical potentials include Cetho temple, natural resource, existence of temples in Jenawi subdistrict as the religious tourist destination for Hinduist. Meanwhile the non-physical potentials concern demography (human resource). In this stage, the philosophy of temple’s architectural elements is also revealed. In the second year, the empowering model was found including the one offered by PMDN, PMA and/or non-facility in the form of Public Private Partnership, Private empowering, Foreign investment Empowering, or Foreign, private Empowering. In the third stage, the sustainable revitalization model of Cetho temple as the religious (Tirta Yatra) and educative (Widya Wisata) based on Tri Karana, is the final target of research using simulation and modeling method in the architectural design, road infrastructure improvement, model design of tourism terminal, Water Park, Aero Sport Facilities, Ecotourism, Agro Tourism, ojek shelter, accommodation facilities (Home stay/Bungalow/Villa), Hindu religion education facility in the form of Pasraman. The reforestation measure is the sustainable action for saving the Cetho temple area. The theory underlying this stages are: Tourism, infrastructure, Terminal Design, Water Park, Aero Sport, Ecotourism and accommodation theories

Assessing the impact of Swales on receiving water quality

Swales are one type of sustainable drainage system (SuDS) which contribute to the management of water quality in receiving waterbodies. Using a semi-quantitative approach, an impact assessment procedure is applied to the residual water quality that is carried forward to surface waters and groundwaters following treatment within a swale. Both volumetric and pollutant distributions are considered as stormwater passes through the swale system. The pollutant pathways followed by TSS, nitrate, chloride, metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are determined for a swale receiving highway runoff. For TSS, metals and PAHs between 20% and 29% of the total mean influent pollutant load is predicted to be directed to infiltration through the underlying soils compared to between 4% and 16% of chloride and nitrate. Although surface water impacts are deemed possible, the discharges of swales to groundwaters are assessed to represent a negligible impact for effectively maintained systems

Lack of phenotypic and evolutionary cross-resistance against parasitoids and pathogens in Drosophila melanogaster

BackgroundWhen organisms are attacked by multiple natural enemies, the evolution of a resistance mechanism to one natural enemy will be influenced by the degree of cross-resistance to another natural enemy. Cross-resistance can be positive, when a resistance mechanism against one natural enemy also offers resistance to another; or negative, in the form of a trade-off, when an increase in resistance against one natural enemy results in a decrease in resistance against another. Using Drosophila melanogaster, an important model system for the evolution of invertebrate immunity, we test for the existence of cross-resistance against parasites and pathogens, at both a phenotypic and evolutionary level.MethodsWe used a field strain of D. melanogaster to test whether surviving parasitism by the parasitoid Asobara tabida has an effect on the resistance against Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus; and whether infection with the microsporidian Tubulinosema kingi has an effect on the resistance against A. tabida. We used lines selected for increased resistance to A. tabida to test whether increased parasitoid resistance has an effect on resistance against B. bassiana and T. kingi. We used lines selected for increased tolerance against B. bassiana to test whether increased fungal resistance has an effect on resistance against A. tabida.Results/ConclusionsWe found no positive cross-resistance or trade-offs in the resistance to parasites and pathogens. This is an important finding, given the use of D. melanogaster as a model system for the evolution of invertebrate immunity. The lack of any cross-resistance to parasites and pathogens, at both the phenotypic and the evolutionary level, suggests that evolution of resistance against one class of natural enemies is largely independent of evolution of resistance against the other

"Effulgent in the firmament" the politics of representation and the politics of reception in South Africa's 'poetry of commitment', 1968-1983

This dissertation re-examines an era in the production and reception of English language poetry in South Africa by black writers. Intellectually the 1970's was the Black Consciousness phase of South African history and very few aspects of life in the country were untouched by the intellectual movement led by Steve Biko and other young black student leaders. The aesthetic and literary output of the time, like all other facets of South African life, exhibited the influence and pressures brought to bear by Black Consciousness. Moreover, the Black Consciousness poets introduced the most vibrant and innovative phase for English language poetry produced in South Africa. It is my contention, however, that such vibrancy and innovation has consistently been compromised by unsympathetic, often hostile, and almost-always ill-informed criticism. The dissertation offers a critique of the academic and journalistic practice of criticism in South Africa. I argue that critical practice in South Africa has been engaged throughout the twentieth century in the discursive enforcement of ‘discipline’. In his Discipline and Punish (1977) the French post-structuralist philosopher Michel Foucault demonstrated how power is wielded against oppressed/suppressed groups through self regulated proscriptions, and argued that power is a discursive rather than a corporeal phenomenon. My dissertation follows Foucault in reading the critical reception of Black Consciousness poetry as the practice of disciplinary power. The dissertation also engages critically with the poetry of Oswald Mtshali, Mongane Serote and Sipho Sepamla, and argues that their work is the inscription of black subjectivity into the literary and cultural mainstream. It situates their work within wider 6 societal debates and definitions of ‘blackness’. In this regard use is made again of Michel Foucault’s insights and methodology of discourse analysis as shown in The Archaeology of Knowledge (1972). I argue that Oswald Mtshali’s work is a failed attempt at a dissection of apartheid and colonialism from a broadly Christian and humanist perspective. In my reading of Mongane Serote I explore the relationship between women’s bodies and the practice of representation. It is my contention that Serote is most concerned with claims of belonging, and this is shown through his extensive use of the trope of ‘Mother’. My discussion of the poetry of Sipho Sepamla focuses on language and (self- )representation, particularly the use of practices of naming in constructing subjectivity. My contention is that Sepamla ultimately abandons attempts at representation in favour of oppositional self-construction in language. In the concluding chapter I defend the thesis that the politics of discipline have prevented the broad critical establishment from gaining access to these discursive constructions of blackness in the committed poetry of South Africa

Does age affect the relationship between pain and disability? : a descriptive study in individuals suffering from chronic low back pain

Abstract : Background: Previous studies have revealed a weak to moderate relationship between pain and disability in individuals suffering from low back pain (LBP). However, to our knowledge, no studies have evaluated if this relationship is different between young and older adults. Purpose: The objective of this descriptive, cross-sectional study, was to determine if the relationship between LBP intensity and physical disability is different between young and older adults. Methods: Pain intensity (measured with a visual analog scale) and physical disability scores (measured with the Oswestry Disability Index) were collected from the medical files of 164 patients with LBP. Separate Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between these 2 variables for young (mean age 40 ± 6 years, n = 82) and older (62 ± 9 years, n = 82) individuals and a Fisher r-to-z transformation was used to test for group differences in the strength of the relationship. Linear regression analyses were also performed to determine if the slope of the association was different between the 2 groups. Results: There was a significant and positive association between pain intensity and disability for both young and older individuals. However, the correlation was stronger in the young group (r = 0.66; p < 0.01) compared to the older group (r = 0.44; p < 0.01) (Fisher Z = 2,03; p < 0.05). The linear regression model also revealed that the slope of the relationship was steeper in the young group (p < .05). Conclusion: Although both young and older individuals showed a significant association between pain intensity and disability, the relationship between these 2 variables was more tenuous in older individuals than in young patients. Future research is essential to identify the factors underlying this age-related difference

Identification of Class I HLA T Cell Control Epitopes for West Nile Virus

The recent West Nile virus (WNV) outbreak in the United States underscores the importance of understanding human immune responses to this pathogen. Via the presentation of viral peptide ligands at the cell surface, class I HLA mediate the T cell recognition and killing of WNV infected cells. At this time, there are two key unknowns in regards to understanding protective T cell immunity: 1) the number of viral ligands presented by the HLA of infected cells, and 2) the distribution of T cell responses to these available HLA/viral complexes. Here, comparative mass spectroscopy was applied to determine the number of WNV peptides presented by the HLA-A*11:01 of infected cells after which T cell responses to these HLA/WNV complexes were assessed. Six viral peptides derived from capsid, NS3, NS4b, and NS5 were presented. When T cells from infected individuals were tested for reactivity to these six viral ligands, polyfunctional T cells were focused on the GTL9 WNV capsid peptide, ligands from NS3, NS4b, and NS5 were less immunogenic, and two ligands were largely inert, demonstrating that class I HLA reduce the WNV polyprotein to a handful of immune targets and that polyfunctional T cells recognize infections by zeroing in on particular HLA/WNV epitopes. Such dominant HLA/peptide epitopes are poised to drive the development of WNV vaccines that elicit protective T cells as well as providing key antigens for immunoassays that establish correlates of viral immunity. © 2013 Kaabinejadian et al

Advance Health Care Directive Campaign

This interactive ebook encourages the development of an advance healthcare directive for people of all ages. Too often, they are seen as only being needed by people who are old or sick when everyone over the age of 18 should have one. Through interactive information screens, videos, mouse-over terms and glossary, you can explore the benefits of advance directives and how to choose the person who will speak for you if you cannot. An easy-to-use form for you to download and fill out is available. You just need to complete and print it, sign it with your witnesses and share it with your health care provider and loved ones. Please tell us what you think in the feedback section. This ebook won the Institute for Healthcare Advancement award for health literacy in published materials for 2019

Patterns of adherence to and compliance with the Portuguese smoke-free law in the leisure-hospitality sector

CIEC – Research Centre on Child Studies, UM (FCT R&D 317)Background: In 2008, the Portuguese smoke-free law came into effect including partial bans in the leisure-hospitality (LH) sector. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of smoking control policies (total ban, smoking permission and designated smoking areas) adopted by the LH sector in Portugal. The levels of noncompliance with each policy are investigated as well as the main factors associated with smoking permission and noncompliance with the law. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted between January 2010 and May 2011. A random sample of venues was selected from the Portuguese LH sector database, proportionally stratified according to type, size and geographical area. All venues were assessed in loco by an observer. The independent effects of venues’ characteristics on smoking permission and the level of noncompliance with the law were explored using logistic regression. Results: Overall, 1.412 venues were included. Total ban policy was adopted by 75.9% of venues, while 8.4% had designated smoking areas. Smoking ban was more prevalent in restaurants (85.9%). Only 29.7% of discos/bars/pubs opted for complete ban. Full or partial smoking permission was higher in discos/bar/pubs (OR = 7.37; 95%CI 4.87 to 11.17). Noncompliance with the law was higher in venues allowing smoking and lower in places with complete ban (33.6% and 7.6% respectively, p, 0.001). Discos/bars/pubs with full smoking permission had the highest level of noncompliance (OR = 3.31; 95%CI 1.40 to 7.83). Conclusions: Our findings show a high adherence to smoking ban policy by the Portuguese LH sector. Nonetheless, one quarter of the venues is fully or partially permissive towards smoking, with the discos/bars/pubs considerably contributing to this situation. Venues with smoking permission policies were less compliant with the legislation. The implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law, without any exceptions, is essential to effectively protect people from the second hand smoke.The work is part of a large Epidemiological Study on the Portuguese Tobacco Control Policy, developed by the Instituto de Medicina Preventiva da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa and supported, in its preliminary part, by the Direccao Geral da Saude (DGS) and, in the second part, by the national funding institution Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Determining Fuchsian groups by their finite quotients

Let C(Γ) be the set of isomorphism classes of the finite groups that are quotients (homomorphic images) of Γ. We investigate the extent to which C(Γ) determines Γ when Γ is a group of geometric interest. If Γ1 is a lattice in PSL(2, R) and Γ2 is a lattice in any connected Lie group, then C(Γ1) = C(Γ2) implies that Γ1 ≅ Γ2. If F is a free group and Γ is a right-angled Artin group or a residually free group (with one extra condition), then C(F) = C(Γ) implies that F ≅ Γ. If Γ1 < PSL(2, C) and Γ2 < G are nonuniform arithmetic lattices, where G is a semisimple Lie group with trivial centre and no compact factors, then C(Γ1) = C(Γ2) implies that G ≅ PSL(2, C) and that Γ2 belongs to one of finitely many commensurability classes. These results are proved using the theory of profinite groups; we do not exhibit explicit finite quotients that distinguish among the groups in question. But in the special case of two non-isomorphic triangle groups, we give an explicit description of finite quotients that distinguish between them