DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO DE MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO EM ÁREA COM Fusarium solani

The use of grafting in tolerant rootstocks has shown good results in contolling Fusarium wilt in yellow passion fruit, considered one of the main problems in the crop, which affects the plant’s root system and has no chemical control. The presennt study aimed to evaluate the survival, the agronomic performance of plants and the physical characteristics of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) grafted on three rootstocks in area with Fusarium wilt. The experiment was carried in Pracinha, São Paulo State, Brazil, from August 2014 to May 2015, and a randomized block design was adopted, with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were constituted by rootstocks: Passiflora alata Dryand, Passiflora gibertii N.E. Brown, Passiflora caerulea Linnaeus, double grafting P. gibertii x P. edulis and plants without grafting. The stem diameter of rootstock and the graft, the lenght of secondary branches, the number of tertiary branches, the number of surviving plants, the longitudinal and transversal diameters of the fruits, the number and mass of fruits and the productivity were evaluated. The highest survival rates were observed in P. alata with 90% and P. gibertii with 100% survival. The highest number of fruits per plant and productivity occurred in plants grafted on P. gibertii. The adoption of double grafting using P. gibertii x P. edulis and simple grafting with P. caerulea were not effective in contgrolling this disease. The rootstocks P. alata proved to be the most vigorous material as a rootstock.O uso da enxertia em porta-enxertos tolerantes tem apresentado bons resultados no controle da murcha de Fusarium no maracujazeiro-amarelo, considerado um dos principais problemas na cultura, que afeta o sistema radicular da planta e não tem controle químico. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a sobrevivência, o desempenho agronômico de plantas e as características físicas de frutos de maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims) enxertadas em três porta-enxertos em área com histórico de murcha de Fusarium. O experimento foi conduzido no Sítio Bela Vista, localizado no município de Pracinha, SP, no período de agosto de 2014 a maio de 2015, e adotou-se o delineamento estatístico em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram os porta-enxertos: Passiflora alata Dryand, Passiflora gibertii N.E. Brown, Passiflora caerulea Linnaeus, enxertia dupla P.gibertii x P.edulis e plantas sem enxerto. Avaliou-se o diâmetro do caule do porta-enxerto e do enxerto, o comprimento de ramos secundários, o número de ramos terciários, o número de plantas sobreviventes, os diâmetros longitudinal e transversal dos frutos, o número e a massa de frutos e a produtividade. As maiores sobrevivências foram observadas em P. alata com 90% e P. gibertii com 100% de sobrevivência. O maior número de frutos por planta e produtividade ocorreram em plantas enxertadas sobre P. gibertii. A adoção da enxertia dupla utilizando-se P. gibertii x P. edulis e a enxertia simples com P. caerulea não se mostraram eficientes no controle desta doença. O P. alata mostrou-se o material mais vigoroso como porta-enxerto

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data