Oversampling in shift-invariant spaces with a rational sampling period

8 pages, no figures.It is well known that, under appropriate hypotheses, a sampling formula allows us to recover any function in a principal shift-invariant space from its samples taken with sampling period one. Whenever the generator of the shift-invariant space satisfies the Strang-Fix conditions of order r, this formula also provides an approximation scheme of order r valid for smooth functions. In this paper we obtain sampling formulas sharing the same features by using a rational sampling period less than one. With the use of this oversampling technique, there is not one but an infinite number of sampling formulas. Whenever the generator has compact support, among these formulas it is possible to find one whose associated reconstruction functions have also compact support.This work has been supported by the Grant MTM2009-08345 from the D.G.I. of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología

Internet de las cosas para mejorar la capacidad de análisis, síntesis y evaluación

La asignatura Redes de Computadores I, que se imparte en el segundo cuatrimestre del primer curso del Grado en Informática de la UCLM, tiene como una de las competencias asignadas la de capacidad de análisis, síntesis y evaluación. Para hacer más atractiva la asignatura, después del primer tema de introducción, se decidió incluir un tema de Internet, que repasara brevemente su historia, evolución, aplicaciones, etc. Es en este tema donde se exponen los conceptos de Internet del Futuro y de Internet de las cosas (Internet of Things, IoT). IoT plantea que todos los objetos de la vida cotidiana puedan disponer de una dirección IP y puedan estar accesibles desde cualquier parte. Estos conceptos realmente entusiasman a los alumnos. Después de dos años observando esta situación se decidió proponer una actividad relacionada con este tema y que sirviese como entrenamiento de la competencia de capacidad de análisis, síntesis y evaluación. Se propuso un trabajo en grupo para la elaboración de pósteres relacionados con IoT. En concreto los temas a elegir serían: una visión general de IoT, IPv6, identificación por radio frecuencia (RFID) y aplicaciones relacionadas. El objetivo final sería realizar una exposición permanente de los pósteres sobre IoT. Se decidió realizar esta actividad porque en los pósteres la capacidad de síntesis y análisis de la información es algo fundamental. Cada uno de los grupos elegiría un tema particular y dispondría de un tiempo para la realización del póster. Se realizarían tres reuniones con el profesor para ir comprobando la evolución del mismo y la resolución de los posibles problemas o dudas. Transcurrido el tiempo, los grupos presentarían en clase sus pósteres durante 5 minutos. Después de esta presentación, los alumnos elegirían los mejores pósteres para la exposición, mediante una votación que puntuaría distintos aspectos de interés (gráficos, organización de la información y explicación del póster). La evaluación se realizaría por los propios alumnos. Tras el periodo de votación y elección de los mejores trabajos se pudo montar la exposición en el pasillo del laboratorio de redes. La experiencia ha sido todo un éxito, los alumnos se volcaron en la realización de los pósteres y la calidad de los mismos fue muy alta. La exposición está en uno de los accesos principales de la escuela, por el que todos los días circulan gran cantidad de alumnos y profesores. Ha llamado la atención de todos y se han recibido bastantes felicitaciones, tanto por el personal universitario local como por el visitante.SUMMARY -- Computer Networks I is a subject taught in the second semester of the first year of the Degree in Computer Science. One of the generic skills assigned to this subject is the ability of analysis, synthesis and evaluation. To make the course more attractive, a unit concerning Internet was included, which briefly reviews the history, evolution, and applications and current and future trends. It is in this unit where the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is presented. Students are enthusiastic about this concept, so that, we decided to propose the development of posters related to IoT as teamwork. In particular, the topics were: an overview of IoT, IPv6, radio frequency identification (RFID) and IoT applications. This activity was proposed due to the ability to synthesize and analyze information is essential in the developing of posters. Each group chose a topic and was assigned a deadline for the submission of its poster. Three meetings with the teacher were scheduled to check the evolution of the poster and solve any problems or question. After the deadline, each group presents its poster for 5 minutes. Following these presentations, students scored each poster using the teacher’s rubric with the aim to choose the best posters for an exhibition. This rubric included different aspects of interest (graphics, organization of information and explanation of the poster). The students themselves conducted the evaluation. After the voting period, the top posters were chosen and an exhibition was held in the lobby of networks laboratory. The experience has been a success; students threw themselves into performing of the posters and the quality of them was very high. The exhibition is located in one of the main entrances to the school, where many students and teachers move every day. The exhibition has attracted the attention of everyone and teachers have received many compliments on it, both from the local university staff and visitors

Building an ontology catalogue for smart cities

Apart from providing semantics and reasoning power to data, ontologies enable and facilitate interoperability across heterogeneous systems or environments. A good practice when developing ontologies is to reuse as much knowledge as possible in order to increase interoperability by reducing heterogeneity across models and to reduce development effort. Ontology registries, indexes and catalogues facilitate the task of finding, exploring and reusing ontologies by collecting them from different sources. This paper presents an ontology catalogue for the smart cities and related domains. This catalogue is based on curated metadata and incorporates ontology evaluation features. Such catalogue represents the first approach within this community and it would be highly useful for new ontology developments or for describing and annotating existing ontologies

Using Provenance for Quality Assessment and Repair in Linked Open Data

As the number of data sources publishing their data on the Web of Data is growing, we are experiencing an immense growth of the Linked Open Data cloud. The lack of control on the published sources, which could be untrustworthy or unreliable, along with their dynamic nature that often invalidates links and causes conflicts or other discrepancies, could lead to poor quality data. In order to judge data quality, a number of quality indicators have been proposed, coupled with quality metrics that quantify the “quality level” of a dataset. In addition to the above, some approaches address how to improve the quality of the datasets through a repair process that focuses on how to correct invalidities caused by constraint violations by either removing or adding triples. In this paper we argue that provenance is a critical factor that should be taken into account during repairs to ensure that the most reliable data is kept. Based on this idea, we propose quality metrics that take into account provenance and evaluate their applicability as repair guidelines in a particular data fusion setting

Serotonergic Modulation of Neurovascular Transmission:A Focus on Prejunctional 5-HT Receptors/Mechanisms

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), or serotonin, plays a crucial role as a neuromodulator and/or neurotransmitter of several nervous system functions. Its actions are complex, and depend on multiple factors, including the type of effector or receptor activated. Briefly, 5-HT can activate: (i) metabotropic (G-protein-coupled) receptors to promote inhibition (5-HT1, 5-HT5) or activation (5-HT4, 5-HT6, 5-HT7) of adenylate cyclase, as well as activation (5-HT2) of phospholipase C; and (ii) ionotropic receptor (5-HT3), a ligand-gated Na+/K+ channel. Regarding blood pressure regulation (and beyond the intricacy of central 5-HT effects), this monoamine also exerts direct postjunctional (on vascular smooth muscle and endothelium) or indirect prejunctional (on autonomic and sensory perivascular nerves) effects. At the prejunctional level, 5-HT can facilitate or preclude the release of autonomic (e.g., noradrenaline and acetylcholine) or sensory (e.g., calcitonin gene-related peptide) neurotransmitters facilitating hypertensive or hypotensive effects. Hence, we cannot formulate a specific impact of 5-HT on blood pressure level, since an increase or decrease in neurotransmitter release would be favoured, depending on the type of prejunctional receptor involved. This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge on the prejunctional mechanisms involved in blood pressure regulation by 5-HT and its impact on some vascular-related diseases.</p

Concurrent Validity of the Inertial Measurement Unit Vmaxpro in Vertical Jump Estimation

The aim of this study was to evaluate if the inertial measurement unit (IMU) Vmaxpro is a valid device to estimate vertical jump height (VJH) when compared to a motion capture system (MoCAP). Thirteen highly trained female volleyball players participated in this study which consisted of three sessions. After a familiarization session, two sessions comprised a warm-up followed by ten countermovement jumps, resting two min between each attempt. Jump height was measured simultaneously by Vmaxpro using take-off velocity and MoCAP using center-of-mass vertical excursion. Results show significant differences in jump height between devices (10.52 cm; p < 0.001; ES = 0.9), a very strong Spearman’s correlation (rs = 0.84: p < 0.001), and a weak concordance correlation coefficient (CCC = 0.22; ρ = 0.861; Cb= 0.26). Regression analysis reveals very high correlations, high systematic error (8.46 cm), and a nonproportional random error (SEE = 1.67 cm). Bland–Altman plots show systematic error (10.6 cm) with 97.3 % of the data being within the LoA. In conclusion, Vmaxpro can be considered a valid device for the estimation of VJH, being a cheaper, portable, and manageable alternative to MoCAP. However, the magnitude of systematic error discourages its use where indistinguishable data from Vmaxpro and MoCAP are used unless the corresponding specific fitting equation is applied.This work was supported by Generalitat Valenciana (grant number GV/2021/098)

Reliability of My Jump 2 Derived from Crouching and Standing Observation Heights

The crouching or prone-on-the-ground observation heights suggested by the My Jump app are not practical in some settings, so users usually hold smartphones in a standing posture. This study aimed to analyze the reliability of My Jump 2 from the standardized and standing positions. Two identical smartphones recorded 195 countermovement jump executions from 39 active adult athletes at heights 30 and 90 cm, which were randomly assessed by three experienced observers. The between-observer reliability was high for both observation heights separately (ICC~0.99; SEM~0.6 cm; CV~1.3%) with low systematic (0.1 cm) and random (±1.7 cm) errors. The within-observer reliability for the three observers comparing the standardized and standing positions was high (ICC~0.99; SEM~0.7 cm; CV~1.4%), showing errors of 0.3 ± 1.9 cm. Observer 2 was the least accurate out of the three, although reliability remained similar to the levels of agreement found in the literature. The reliability of the mean observations in each height also revealed high reliability (ICC = 0.993; SEM = 0.51 cm; CV = 1.05%, error 0.32 ± 1.4 cm). Therefore, the reliability in the standing position did not change with respect to the standardized position, so it can be regarded as an alternative method to using My Jump 2 with practical added benefits.This research was funded by Generalitat Valenciana, grant number GV/2021/098

Semantic Invoice Processing

This work highlights how to transform information from invoice documents to semantic models, as an implementation of ontology modeling. The migration from printed paper to digital documents in the Mexican Government Offices in the last few years has brought significant opportunities for the usage of information technologies and applications. However, when changing digital document information into knowledge, there are still many gaps to be filled. This work proposes a solution to some issues regarding ontology modeling, specifically when mapping a document that follows some XML schema to an ontology under the OWL standard. The main contribution of this work is to provide new interpretations of the XML terms in the context of OWL, so that the XML Schema Definition (XSD) structures can be mapped into more complex OWL structures. A software tool developed to test and validate the information extraction strategies proposed is presented here.ITESO, A.C.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí

Evolutionary Plasticity of Habenular Asymmetry with a Conserved Efferent Connectivity Pattern

The vertebrate habenulae (Hb) is an evolutionary conserved dorsal diencephalic nuclear complex that relays information from limbic and striatal forebrain regions to the ventral midbrain. One key feature of this bilateral nucleus is the presence of left-right differences in size, cytoarchitecture, connectivity, neurochemistry and/or gene expression. In teleosts, habenular asymmetry has been associated with preferential innervation of left-right habenular efferents into dorso-ventral domains of the midbrain interpeduncular nucleus (IPN). However, the degree of conservation of this trait and its relation to the structural asymmetries of the Hb are currently unknown. To address these questions, we performed the first systematic comparative analysis of structural and connectional asymmetries of the Hb in teleosts. We found striking inter-species variability in the overall shape and cytoarchitecture of the Hb, and in the frequency, strength and to a lesser degree, laterality of habenular volume at the population level. Directional asymmetry of the Hb was either to the left in D. rerio, E. bicolor, O. latipes, P. reticulata, B. splendens, or to the right in F. gardneri females. In contrast, asymmetry was absent in P. scalare and F. gardneri males at the population level, although in these species the Hb displayed volumetric asymmetries at the individual level. Inter-species variability was more pronounced across orders than within a single order, and coexisted with an overall conserved laterotopic representation of left-right habenular efferents into dorso-ventral domains of the IPN. These results suggest that the circuit design involving the Hb of teleosts promotes structural flexibility depending on developmental, cognitive and/or behavioural pressures, without affecting the main midbrain connectivity output, thus unveiling a key conserved role of this connectivity trait in the function of the circuit. We propose that ontogenic plasticity in habenular morphogenesis underlies the observed inter-species variations in habenular asymmetric morphology

A root specific induction of carotenoid biosynthesis contributes to ABA production upon salt stress in arabidopsis

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone that plays a vital role in mediating abiotic stress responses in plants. Salt exposure induces the synthesis of ABA through the cleavage of carotenoid precursors (xanthophylls), which are found at very low levels in roots. Here we show that de novo ABA biosynthesis in salt-treated Arabidopsis thaliana roots involves an organ-specific induction of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Upregulation of the genes encoding phytoene synthase (PSY) and other enzymes of the pathway producing ABA precursors was observed in roots but not in shoots after salt exposure. A pharmacological block of the carotenoid pathway substantially reduced ABA levels in stressed roots, confirming that an increase in carotenoid accumulation contributes to fuel hormone production after salt exposure. Treatment with exogenous ABA was also found to upregulate PSY expression only in roots, suggesting an organ-specific feedback regulation of the carotenoid pathway by ABA. Taken together, our results show that the presence of high concentrations of salt in the growth medium rapidly triggers a root-specific activation of the carotenoid pathway, probably to ensure a proper supply of ABA precursors required for a sustained production of the hormone