Evaluación participativa del empoderamiento juvenil con grupos de jóvenes : análisis de casos

Las interpretaciones que realizan los jóvenes sobre sus propias realidades son clave para comprender sus acciones y comportamientos. También para adaptar los proyectos y programas socioeducativos a las nuevas dinámicas sociales. Este artículo se centra en el análisis de dichas interpretaciones. ¿Qué entienden los jóvenes por empoderamiento juve­nil? ¿Qué indicadores específicos consideran que permiten identificarlo? ¿En qué espacios, momentos y procesos piensan que se produce? Para dar respuesta a estos interrogantes se realizaron 4 procesos de Evaluación Participativa con 42 jóvenes, de entre 14 y 25 años, en 4 ciudades españolas. La muestra de jóvenes que configura los grupos de evaluación parti­cipativa en cada uno de los casos es intencional. El artículo contextualiza los casos, presenta la metodología seguida en el desarrollo de la evaluación participativa y aporta los resultados principales de cada caso. Los resultados muestran que los jóvenes de los casos analizados relacionan el empoderamiento con algún tipo de enriquecimiento o mejora de tipo perso­nal o grupal normalmente asociado a un proceso personal, aunque se reconoce la influencia social. Los indicadores considerados más relevantes para el empoderamiento juvenil son la autonomía y la autoestima. Los jóvenes relacionan el empoderamiento juvenil con espacios vinculados al ámbito familiar, escolar y con las amistades. Según las características de los gru­pos aparecen también como significativos; el espacio extracurricular, la calle y el mundo aso­ciativo. Los procesos de empoderamiento juvenil tienen que ver con vivencias de superación que hicieron que los jóvenes tuvieran percepción de éxito, de superación, de ser importantes para alguien o, por último, de sentir bienestar. La evaluación participativa ha resultado ser una estrategia de intervención socioeducativa muy adecuada para ayudar a las personas jóvenes participantes a construir perspectivas diferentes sobre sus propias vidasInterpretations made by young people about their own realities are key to understand their actions and behaviours. Also for adapting to new social dynamics socio-educational programmes and projects. This article focuses on the analysis of those interpretations. What do youth understand by youth empowerment? Which specific indicators do they consider to identify it? In which spaces, moments and processes do they think that it could happen? In order to respond to these questions, 4 evaluation participatory processes with 42 young people from 14 to 25 years old in 4 Spanish cities were developed. The sample that sets the participatory evaluation groups for every case is intentional. This paper contextualizes cases, presenting the followed methodology in the participatory evaluation's development and provides the main findings of each case. The results show that youth from the analyzed cases consider the empowerment to be related with a personal or group enrichment or improvement that is normally associated with a personal process, although its social influence is recognized. The most relevant indicators for youth empowerment are autonomy and self-esteem. Young people relate youth empowerment to spaces linked to family, school and friends. The extracurricular space, the street and the associative world appear to be significant to some of them. Youth empowerment processes have to do with overcoming experiences that made young people to have a perception of success, to overcome, being important to someone or eventually, to feel well being. Participatory evaluation has proved to be a very adequate socio-educational intervention strategy to help participants building different perspectives on their own live

Porous Titanium surfaces to control bacteria growth: mechanical properties and sulfonated polyetheretherketone coating as antibiofounling approaches

Here, titanium porous substrates were fabricated by a space holder technique. The relationship between microstructural characteristics (pore equivalent diameter, mean free-path between pores, roughness and contact surface), mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, yield strength and dynamic micro-hardness) and bacterial behavior are discussed. The bacterial strains evaluated are often found on dental implants: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The colony-forming units increased with the size of the spacer for both types of studied strains. An antibiofouling synthetic coating based on a sulfonated polyetheretherketone polymer revealed an effective chemical surface modification for inhibiting MRSA adhesion and growth. These findings collectively suggest that porous titanium implants designed with a pore size of 100–200 µm can be considered most suitable, assuring the best biomechanical and bifunctional anti-bacterial properties.University of Seville VI Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia—US 2018, I.3A

Synthesis and deposition of silver nanoparticles on porous titanium substrates for biomedical applications

Ti implants are highly biocompatible and allow orderly bone growth but, unfortunately, in the first five years after implantation, 5–10% of them fail due to poor osseointegration and to the presence of bacterial infections in prosthesis. Silver nanoparticles have been described to damage bacterial cell via prolonged release of Ag+ ions as a mode of action when immobilized on a surface. In this work, two routes to synthetize silver nanoparticles have been proposed including, on the one hand, a NaBH4-reduction and, on the other hand, a citrate-reduction combined with a stabilized biodegradable polymer. The deposition of these nanomaterials on porous Ti substrates previously fabricated using the space-holder technique (40 vol% and two size distributions, 100–200 and 355–500 μm) was investigated to aim for the best match. Before the deposition of nanoparticles accomplished by immersion, a silanization treatment of the substrate surface was carried out. After silver nanoparticles were deposited on the porous Ti substrates, microstructural characteristics and antibacterial behavior were evaluated against the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus on the AgNPs functionalized substrates. Finally, the preliminary qualitative analysis showed the presence of inhibitory halos, being more relevant in the substrates with larger pores.Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain PID2019-109371GB-I00Junta de Andalucía–FEDER (Spain) US-1259771Junta de Andalucía-Proyecto de Excelencia (Spain) P18-FR-203

Evaluación participativa del empoderamiento juvenile con grupos de jóvenes. Análisis de casos.

Las interpretaciones que realizan los jóvenes sobre sus propias realidades son clave para comprender sus acciones y comportamientos. También para adaptar los proyectos y programas socioeducativos a las nuevas dinámicas sociales. Este artículo se centra en el análisis de dichas interpretaciones. ¿Qué entienden los jóvenes por empoderamiento juvenil? ¿Qué indicadores específicos consideran que permiten identificarlo? ¿En qué espacios, momentos y procesos piensan que se produce? Para dar respuesta a estos interrogantes se realizaron 4 procesos de Evaluación Participativa con 42 jóvenes, de entre 14 y 25 años, en 4 ciudades españolas. La muestra de jóvenes que configura los grupos de evaluación participativa en cada uno de los casos es intencional. El artículo contextualiza los casos, presenta la metodología seguida en el desarrollo de la evaluación participativa y aporta los resultados principales de cada caso. Los resultados muestran que los jóvenes de los casos de estudio relacionan el empoderamiento con algún tipo de enriquecimiento o mejora de tipo personal o grupal normalmente asociado a un proceso personal, aunque se reconoce la influencia social. Los indicadores considerados más relevantes para el empoderamiento juvenil son la autonomía y la autoestima. Los jóvenes relacionan el empoderamiento juvenil con espacios vinculados al ámbito familiar, escolar y con las amistades. Según las características de los grupos aparecen también como significativos; el espacio extracurricular, la calle y el mundo asociativo. Los procesos de empoderamiento juvenil tienen que ver con vivencias de superación que hicieron que los jóvenes tuvieran percepción de éxito, de superación, de ser importantes para alguien o, por último, de sentir bienestar. En los cuatro grupos de jóvenes se evidencian procesos de confrontación porque la toma de decisiones de los jóvenes no se corresponde con las expectativas de los adultos

Informe del proceso de evaluación participativa del empoderamiento juvenil con 4 grupos de jóvenes

La investigación que se presenta en este apartado se enmarca en el "Proyecto HEBE. El empoderamiento de los jóvenes: Análisis de los momentos, espacios y procesos que contribuyen al empoderamiento juvenil"1 (EDU2013-42979-R). Este proyecto pretende investigar el empoderamiento juvenil. De lo que se trata es de analizar los mecanismos y procesos implicados en el empoderamiento de los jóvenes para formular propuestas socioeducativas que lo faciliten y mejoren. Estas propuestas concretas, a modo de guías de acción, servirán para orientar las políticas de juventud y el trabajo en el ámbito juvenil a partir del análisis de los espacios, los momentos y los procesos que contribuyen de una manera clara al empoderamiento de los jóvenes

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Photocurable nanodoped resins

This work is focus on the development of photocurable resins doped with nanoparticles of very diverse nature, diamond, barium oxide, hydroxyapatite and silver. These nanoreinforcements are being investigated, and even applied industrially, as nanofillers of thermosetting resins, due to the different enhancements and new properties, including increased mechanical, thermal and chemical properties, high electrical and thermal conductivity, improved biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties, among others. The reinforcement of photocurable thermosetting resins can be complex since the added charge can exert shielding to the radiation, limiting to reach high curing degree. For it, it is necessary to use catalysts and sensitizers of UV radiation. In addition, in order to limit this negative effect, a high degree of dispersion of the nanofillers is required, avoiding the presence of micrometric agglomerates. An epoxy system has been selected, whose is commly used for dental applications, and differente contents of nanofillers have been added. Once the dispersion process has been optimized, the effect of the different fillers on the degree of curing of the photocurable resin, measured through its glass transition temperature, has been studied. The degree of curing achieved has been explained through transperance measurements to the visible light of the samples, as well as the morphology of the cured and doped resins