Positronium chemistry studied by AMOC measurements using a relativistic positron beam

Beam-based Age-Momentum Correlation (β+γΔE AMOC) measurements using an MeV positron beam have become a powerful tool to study chemical reactions of positronium by time-domain observations of the different positron states tagged by the Doppler-broadening (ΔE) characteristics of the 511 keV annihilation radiation. As an example, the investigation of the spin-conversion reaction in the system HTEMPO/methanol is reported. The experimental data for small HTEMPO concentrations can be fitted quite well to a rate-equation model containing the conversion rate as the only adjustable parameter. This model can presumably be applied not only to spin conversion but also to other chemical reactions and to inhibition of positronium. Possible effects of oxidation, complex formation, and inhibition are discussed by way of examples

Hybrid Genetic Bees Algorithm applied to Single Machine Scheduling with Earliness and Tardiness Penalties

This paper presents a hybrid Genetic-Bees Algorithm based optimised solution for the single machine scheduling problem. The enhancement of the Bees Algorithm (BA) is conducted using the Genetic Algorithm's (GA's) operators during the global search stage. The proposed enhancement aims to increase the global search capability of the BA gradually with new additions. Although the BA has very successful implementations on various type of optimisation problems, it has found that the algorithm suffers from weak global search ability which increases the computational complexities on NP-hard type optimisation problems e.g. combinatorial/permutational type optimisation problems. This weakness occurs due to using a simple global random search operation during the search process. To reinforce the global search process in the BA, the proposed enhancement is utilised to increase exploration capability by expanding the number of fittest solutions through the genetical variations of promising solutions. The hybridisation process is realised by including two strategies into the basic BA, named as â\u80\u9creinforced global searchâ\u80\u9d and â\u80\u9cjumping functionâ\u80\u9d strategies. The reinforced global search strategy is the first stage of the hybridisation process and contains the mutation operator of the GA. The second strategy, jumping function strategy, consists of four GA operators as single point crossover, multipoint crossover, mutation and randomisation. To demonstrate the strength of the proposed solution, several experiments were carried out on 280 well-known single machine benchmark instances, and the results are presented by comparing to other well-known heuristic algorithms. According to the experiments, the proposed enhancements provides better capability to basic BA to jump from local minima, and GBA performed better compared to BA in terms of convergence and the quality of results. The convergence time reduced about 60% with about 30% better results for highly constrained jobs

Potassium and Sodium Transport in Yeast

[EN] As the proper maintenance of intracellular potassium and sodium concentrations is vital for cell growth, all living organisms have developed a cohort of strategies to maintain proper monovalent cation homeostasis. In the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, potassium is accumulated to relatively high concentrations and is required for many aspects of cellular function, whereas high intracellular sodium/potassium ratios are detrimental to cell growth and survival. The fact that S. cerevisiae cells can grow in the presence of a broad range of concentrations of external potassium (10 M–2.5 M) and sodium (up to 1.5 M) indicates the existence of robust mechanisms that have evolved to maintain intracellular concentrations of these cations within appropriate limits. In this review, current knowledge regarding potassium and sodium transporters and their regulation will be summarized. 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An Anomalous Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) Egg

An anomalously large and coloured egg was found within a clutch of the Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) in Nova Scotia; all other eggs of the clutch were within the normal size and colour range for the species. Analysis of three mitochondrial genes suggests all eggs in the clutch were laid by Northern Saw-whet Owl(s) with similar genetic make-up. This is the first report of an anomalous egg from this species, and a rare example of added pigment

Influence of different calcium supplies and a single vitamin D injection on vitamin D receptor- and calbindin D9k-immunoreactivities in the gastrointestinal tract of goat kids.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether diets differing in calcium (Ca) concentration have an influence on vitamin D (VitD) receptor (VDR) and calbindin D9k- (Calb9k) immunoreactivities in the gastrointestinal tract of growing goats. In addition, the effect of a single VitD injection was studied, to clarify whether exogenous VitD would even more increase active Ca absorption mechanisms. The hypothesis of the study was that lower Ca intake leads to higher active Ca absorption, and with that, to higher amounts of VDR and Calb9k immunreactivities. One group (Ca-nk, according to age requirements) received 2.5 to 6 g Ca/d, whereas a second group (Ca-lk, lower than requirements) received 1.5 to 4 g Ca/d from the 6(th) wk (weaning) until 15(th) wk (slaughtering). In addition, 5 and 6 goat kids, respectively, of each group (Ca-nk, Ca- lk), were injected with VitD (0.05 mg/kg BW cholecalciferol) in the 14(th) wk of life. Blood samples were taken in the 14(th) and 15(th) wk. Calcium and VitD (25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) concentrations were determined in serum. Immediately after slaughter, duodenum (DD) and rumen (RU) were mounted in conventional Ussing chambers. Unidirectional flux rates of Ca across gastrointestinal tissues were measured. Additionally, tissue specimens of the gastrointestinal tract were collected and formaldehyde-fixed paraffin sections were used for VDR and Calb9k immunohistochemistry. In all kid groups, a net absorption in RU and a net secretion of calcium in DD were observed. Immunoreactions of VDR were highest in the duodenal mucosa, whereas Calb9k immunoreactions were observed in the forestomach and intestinal tissues. The highest expression was observed in the duodenal surface epithelium. Additionally, in the VitD injected groups, an immunoreaction occurred in the jejunal superficial and basal gland and the ileal superficial epithelium. In contrast, the other groups showed no Calb9k immunoreactions at these sites. In conclusion, there is clear evidence for the RU as a main site for Ca absorption. The results of this study also indicate that VDR and Calb9k are highly expressed in the duodenal mucosa. The active absorption may not play such an important role in the DD as there was also active transport evident in the RU. However, Calb9k expression seems to be stimulated by VitD administration

Genetic Evidence Supports Boreal Chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus) × Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) Hybridization in Atlantic Canada

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The vision of Ubiquitous Computing requires an infrastructure for heterogeneous communicating appliances. We introduce an architecture for the management of ubiquitous computing environments that focuses on the integration of arbitrary communication protocols, the functional extension of resources already existing in everyday environments, and the provision of a UbiComp API for technology independent application support. Arbitrary Communication protocols can be integrated using Network Adaptation Modules

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