Comparison of colorectal cancer screening practices between rural and urban providers

Includes bibliographical references

Effects of alternative conifer release treatments on a soil seed bank in a boreal spruce plantation

Evaluates the effects of 5 alternative conifer release treatments : cutting with brushsaws and a mechanical cleaning machine, applying herbicides (Release triclopyr and Vision glyphosate) by helicopter, and, untreated control on environmental components in a young spruce plantation. Documents the effects of clearcutting. Study site: Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project near Thunder Bay, Ontario.This soil seed bank study was carried out as part of the Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project, located near Thunder Bay, Ontario. The project is an operational scale, integrated, multi-disciplinary study that was established in 1993. It evaluates the effects o f 5 alternative conifer release treatments (cutting with brushsaws and a mechanical cleaning machine; applying herbicides (Release [a.e. triclopyr] and Vision ® [a.e. glyphosate]) by helicopter and untreated control) on environmental components in a young spruce plantation. In addition, the project documents the effects of clear cutting on the environmental components by comparing post-harvest changes with changes in adjacent unharvested forests. This study compares the treatment effects on the soil seed bank. Samples o f the soil seed bank were collected in 1996 and green house grown during the winter of 1997. The resulting germinants were identified and quantified by species and treatment. Thirty-four species were identified, two of which were tree species: White birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx ). Species richness, abundance and evenness indices clearly show that there was a treatment effect on the seed bank. Analysis further shows a significant difference in richness (number of species) between treatments. Species abundance curves were completed and are typical for the Northern Hemisphere. Orthogonal comparisons also show significant differences in species abundance between the forest and the cutover, the brushsaw treatment compared to the Silvana Selective treatment, and the treated cutover (brushsaw, Silvana Selective, Release®, Vision® in comparison to the untreated cutover and the forest combined. These seed bank germination differences resulting from applied silvicultural treatments could play a role in future forest management practices that strive to emulate forest fire effects

Associations between metabolic disorders and risk of cancer in Danish men and women:a nationwide cohort study

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic disorders is increasing and has been suggested to increase cancer risk, but the relation between metabolic disorders and risk of cancer is unclear, especially in young adults. We investigated the associations between diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia on risk of all-site as well as site-specific cancers. METHODS: We consecutively included men and women from nationwide Danish registries 1996–2011, if age 20–89 and without cancer prior to date of entry. We followed them throughout 2012. Metabolic disorders were defined using discharge diagnosis codes and claimed prescriptions. We used time-dependent sex-stratified Poisson regression models adjusted for age and calendar year to assess associations between metabolic disorders, and risk of all-site and site-specific cancer (no metabolic disorders as reference). RESULTS: Over a mean follow-up of 12.6 (±5.7 standard deviations [SD]) years, 4,826,142 individuals (50.2 % women) with a mean age of 41.4 (±18.9 SD) years had 423,942 incident cancers. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of all-site cancer in patients with diabetes or hypertension were highest immediately following diagnosis of metabolic disorder. In women, cancer risk associated with diabetes continued to decline albeit remained significant (IRRs of 1.18–1.22 in years 1–8 following diagnosis). For diabetes in men, and hypertension, IRRs stabilized and remained significantly increased after about one year with IRRs of 1.10-1.13 in men for diabetes, and 1.07–1.14 for hypertension in both sexes. Conversely, no association was observed between hypercholesterolemia (treatment with statins) and cancer risk. The association between hypertension and cancer risk was strongest in young adults aged 20–34 and decreased with advancing age. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes and hypertension were associated with increased risk of all-site cancer. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2122-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Metaphors, mental models, and multiplicity: Understanding student perception of digital literacy

This study examines student perception of digital literacy from their engagement with the Fabric of Digital Life, a digital archive of emerging technologies. Through grounded theory analysis we identified the ways students make sense of an unfamiliar technology. Our results show students assign metaphors to understand a new digital platform, apply mental models transferred from previous conceptual domains onto new technologies, and express multiply-layered approaches that facilitated their digital literacy development––an indication for instructors to orient toward an expansive description of digital literacy that caters to student learning needs as well as their professional futures

Type D personality and illness perceptions in myocardial infarction patients

Objectives: To determine the relationship between Type D personality (the tendency to experience negative emotions and to be socially inhibited) and illness beliefs in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Methods: One hundred and ninety two MI patients participated. Patients were assessed on demographic variables and completed the Type D Scale (DS14) and Brief illness perceptions questionnaire (BIPQ) one week post-MI. Results: MANOVA revealed that Type D patients were significantly different from non-Type D patients on every illness perception dimension. Type D patients believe that their illness has significantly more serious consequences (

A perspective on underwater photosynthesis in submerged terrestrial wetland plants

Submergence inhibits photosynthesis by terrestrial wetland plants, but less so in species that possess leaf gas films when submerged. Floodwaters are often supersaturated with dissolved CO2 enabling photosynthesis by submerged terrestrial plants, although rates remain well-below those in air. This important adaptation that enhances survival in submerged conditions is reviewed

Discursive deracialization in talk about asylum seeking

ABSTRACT In this paper we explore the extent to which ‘discursive deracialization’, the removal of ‘race’ from potentially racially motivated arguments, is taking place in talk about asylum seeking. A discourse analysis is conducted on the part of a corpus of data collected from focus groups with undergraduate students talking about asylum seeking, in which they were asked if they considered it to be racist to oppose asylum. We show that speakers use three arguments for opposing asylum that are explicitly framed as non-racist: opposition is based on (1) economic reasons (2) religious grounds and the associated threat of terrorism and (3) the lack of asylum seekers' ability to integrate into British society. These findings are discussed with regard to the implications they have for our understanding of discursive deracialization in which it is shown that there is a common knowledge understanding, albeit one that needs qualifying, that opposition to asylum is not racist