Efecto de la inmunización con cepa atenuada más tedizolid en el micetoma experimental por Nocardia brasiliensis

Propósito y Método del Estudio: Como objetivo, buscamos determinar el efecto de NBP200 en el micetoma experimental establecido en modelo murino, en comparación a farmacoterapia con tedizolid. Utilizando ratones BALB/c, a los cuales se les inoculó con Nocardia brasiliensis cepa HUJEG-1. Después de 12 semanas de evolución, se seleccionaron ratones con lesiones clínicas significativas para formar 4 grupos homogéneos. - Grupo A: Recibió la combinación de la cepa atenuada P200. - Grupo B: Recibió solo la cepa atenuada P200. - Grupo C: Recibió tedizolid. - Grupo D: Recibió solución salina. Se midió el cojinete plantar en tres dimensiones en varias semanas y se tomaron iconografías para evaluar las lesiones clínicas. Posteriormente, los grupos se dejaron evolucionar sin tratamiento durante 4 semanas adicionales, y se tomaron fotografías en la semana 12 para evaluar la persistencia de los resultados obtenidos en la semana 8 después de suspender la terapia. Contribuciones y Conclusiones: Este estudio experimental evaluó NBP200 como tratamiento para modular la respuesta inmunológica en modelos murinos BALB/c con actinomicetoma. Se logró detener la progresión en tamaño y severidad clínica de las lesiones en ratones inoculados con la cepa atenuada NBP200 en comparación con el placebo. A pesar de que el grupo P200 mostró mejoría marcada, esta superioridad no se mantuvo en la semana 6 ni en la medición final de la semana 8. Es importante destacar que factores clínicos no cuantificables objetivamente, como la intensidad del eritema y turgencia de la piel, sugieren mejoras notables en las intervenciones, especialmente en la combinación de P200 y tedizolid, en comparación con el grupo control. A pesar de la mejoría durante la intervención, el seguimiento sin tratamiento adicional durante 4 semanas indicó que ninguna intervención pudo mantener la mejoría. Esto sugiere que, aunque son eficaces para detener la progresión de actinomicetomas de severidad moderada a grave, se necesita continuidad en las terapias para mantener estos efectos positivos

Aportaciones al conocimiento de la flora de Valladolid

New floristic records for Valladolid province.Palabras clave. Flora. Corología. Valladolid. España.Key words. Flora. Chorology. Valladolid. Spain

Relational research on sport practice and use of video games according to gender of schoolchildren from Granada

Nowadays our society lives in a technological era that has led to a “technological sedentariness” resulting in a sedentary lifestyle in children that must be tackled by means of physical activity. This research study aims to analyse the link between physical activity and the use of video games. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and relational research project. A sample made up of 142 students aged between 10 and 12 completed a self-made questionnaire which measured both their physical activity level and their CERV (Video Game Related Experiences Questionnaire). The results obtained through research show that most students do not have any problems concerning video games, and that the use of these can also help in the prevention of sedentary habits. These results have been indicated in the discussion section, contributing to the motivation of students’ in relation to Physical Education, their compromise with the physical practice and the promotion of a long-lasting healthy lifestyle. As a conclusion, the need for using tools such as active video games in order to favour healthy lifestyles and also to prevent sedentary habits is demonstrated

Continuous Cultivation as a Tool Toward the Rational Bioprocess Development With Pichia Pastoris Cell Factory

The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) is currently considered one of the most promising hosts for recombinant protein production (RPP) and metabolites due to the availability of several tools to efficiently regulate the recombinant expression, its ability to perform eukaryotic post-translational modifications and to secrete the product in the extracellular media. The challenge of improving the bioprocess efficiency can be faced from two main approaches: the strain engineering, which includes enhancements in the recombinant expression regulation as well as overcoming potential cell capacity bottlenecks; and the bioprocess engineering, focused on the development of rational-based efficient operational strategies. Understanding the effect of strain and operational improvements in bioprocess efficiency requires to attain a robust knowledge about the metabolic and physiological changes triggered into the cells. For this purpose, a number of studies have revealed chemostat cultures to provide a robust tool for accurate, reliable, and reproducible bioprocess characterization. It should involve the determination of key specific rates, productivities, and yields for different C and N sources, as well as optimizing media formulation and operating conditions. Furthermore, studies along the different levels of systems biology are usually performed also in chemostat cultures. Transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic flux analysis, using different techniques like differential target gene expression, protein description and 13 C-based metabolic flux analysis, are widely described as valued examples in the literature. In this scenario, the main advantage of a continuous operation relies on the quality of the homogeneous samples obtained under steady-state conditions, where both the metabolic and physiological status of the cells remain unaltered in an all-encompassing picture of the cell environment. This contribution aims to provide the state of the art of the different approaches that allow the design of rational strain and bioprocess engineering improvements in Pichia pastoris toward optimizing bioprocesses based on the results obtained in chemostat cultures. Interestingly, continuous cultivation is also currently emerging as an alternative operational mode in industrial biotechnology for implementing continuous process operations

Specific growth rate governs AOX1 gene expression, affecting the production kinetics of Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) P-driven recombinant producer strains with different target gene dosage

The P-based expression system is the most widely used for producing recombinant proteins in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii). Despite relevant recent advances in regulation of the methanol utilization (MUT) pathway have been made, the role of specific growth rate (µ) in AOX1 regulation remains unknown, and therefore, its impact on protein production kinetics is still unclear. The influence of heterologous gene dosage, and both, operational mode and strategy, on culture physiological state was studied by cultivating the two P-driven Candida rugosa lipase 1 (Crl1) producer clones. Specifically, a clone integrating a single expression cassette of CRL1 was compared with one containing three cassettes over broad dilution rate and µ ranges in both chemostat and fed-batch cultivations. Chemostat cultivations allowed to establish the impact of µ on the MUT-related MIT1 pool which leads to a bell-shaped relationship between µ and P-driven gene expression, influencing directly Crl1 production kinetics. Also, chemostat and fed-batch cultivations exposed the favorable effects of increasing the CRL1 gene dosage (up to 2.4 fold in q ) on Crl1 production with no significant detrimental effects on physiological capabilities. P-driven gene expression and Crl1 production kinetics in P. pastoris were successfully correlated with µ. In fact, µ governs MUT-related MIT1 amount that triggers P-driven gene expression-heterologous genes included-, thus directly influencing the production kinetics of recombinant protein

Blue Economy in Acapulco: From Manila Galleon to Tourism Development

La economía azul tiene un espectro muy amplio, va desde las actividades económicas que se realizan en los océanos, mares y costas; incluyendo las ambientales. Su estudio y análisis es importante para el desarrollo económico de Acapulco, ya que fue y es la palanca que impulsó y sigue generando ingresos monetarios para la población local, es el espacio donde se realiza su principal actividad económica: el turismo; el cual mantiene a la población activa. Por este motivo, es importante analizar los aportes que, a través del tiempo, la economía azul ha realizado para el beneficio de la comunidad. La indagación es documental e histórica; se realizaron dos segmentaciones 1) cómo centro de distribución de mercancías y 2) primer destino turístico de playa en la historia contemporánea del turismo en México. Como nodo comercial duró 250 años y fue la primera red de intercambio de mercancías más grande del mundo, sin embargo, la mercantilización de la playa está teniendo consecuencias adversas y altos niveles de contaminación, derivado del turismo masificado, por tal motivo, es importante su cuidado a partir de la implementación de medidas de protección, provocando con ello el cuidado del ecosistema marino base del estudio de la economía azul.The blue economy has a very broad spectrum, ranging from economic activities carried out in the oceans, seas and coasts; including environmental ones. Understanding and analyzing it is essential for the economic progress of Acapulco, as it has been a key factor in generating financial resources for the local community. Tourism stands out as the primary economic driver in the region, ensuring continuous engagement of the population. For this reason, it is important to analyze the contributions that, over time, the blue economy has made for the benefit of the community. The investigation is documentary and historical; revealing two distinct segments: 1) serving as a hub for merchandise distribution and 2) being the first beach to emerge as a tourist destination in the contemporary history of tourism in Mexico. It has functioned as a center of trade for 250 years and has established itself as the largest network of trade in the world. Nevertheless, the commercialization of the beach has led to negative repercussions and increased pollution levels due to mass tourism. Therefore, it is crucial to implement protective measures to safeguard the marine ecosystem, which forms the foundation of the blue economy study

Lift devices in the flight of Archaeopteryx

Archaeopteryx has played a central role in the debates on the origins of avian (and dinosaurian) flight, even though as a flier it probably represents a relatively late stage in the beginnings of fl ight. We report on aerodynamic tests using a life-sized model of Archaeopteryx performing in a low turbulence wind tunnel. Our results indicate that tail deflection significantly decreased take-off velocity and power consumption, and that the first manual digit could have functioned as the structural precursor of the alula. Such results demonstrate that Archaeopteryx had already evolved high-lift devices, which are functional analogues of those present in today's birds

Types and Distribution of Bioactive Polyunsaturated Aldehydes in a Gradient from Mesotrophic to OligotrophicWaters in the Alborán Sea (Western Mediterranean)

Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are bioactive molecules suggested as chemical defenses and infochemicals. In marine coastal habitats, diatoms reach high PUA production levels during bloom episodes. Two fractions of PUA can usually be analyzed: pPUA obtained via artificial breakage of collected phytoplankton cells and dissolved PUA already released to the environment (dPUA). In nature, resource supply arises as a main environmental controlling factor of PUA production. In this work, we monitored the vertical distribution and daily variation of pPUA associated with large-size phytoplankton and dPUA, at three sites located in the Alboran Sea from mesotrophic to oligotrophic waters. The results corroborate the presence of large-size PUA producers in oligotrophic and mesotrophic waters with a significant (58%-85%) diatom biomass. In addition to diatoms, significant correlations between pPUA production and dinoflagellate and silicoflagellate abundance were observed. 2E,4E/Z-Heptadienal was the most abundant aldehyde at the three sites with higher values (17.1 fg center dot cell(-1)) at the most oligotrophic site. 2E,4E/Z-Decadienal was the least abundant aldehyde, decreasing toward the oligotrophic site. For the first time, we describe the daily fluctuation of pPUA attributable to cellular physiological state and not exclusively to taxonomical composition. Our results demonstrate the persistence of threshold levels of dPUA deep in the water column, as well as the different chromatographic profiles of dPUA compared with pPUA. We propose different isomerization processes that alter the chemical structure of the released PUAs with unknown effects on their stability, biological function, and potential bioactivity

Negative correlation of doping and conductivity in Ln1-xMxCr0.9Ni0.1O3 (Ln = La and/or Nd; M = Sr and/or Ca; x≤0.25) perovskites prepared by combustion synthesis as anode materials for SOFCs

A series of chromite perovskites with the general formula Ln1−xMxCr0.9Ni0.1O3 (Ln = La and/or Nd; M = Sr and/or Ca; x ≤ 0.25) has been prepared by three combustion synthesis routes using a different combustible substance each time: glycine, urea and sucrose. In order to isolate the effect of divalent dopant concentration from the A cation steric effects, the whole group has a fixed mean A cation radius, ≈ 1.22 Å, and cation size disorder, σ2(rA) ≈ 0.0001 Å2, but variable doping x. Their crystal structure, microstructure, electrical properties and expansion coefficients have been investigated on the basis of their possible use as anode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Cell parameters, grain sizes, expansion coefficients and conductivities all are found to be dependent on x and the combustible substance used. The most interesting relationship is the negative dependence of the conductivity with x under H2 atmosphere: conductivity decreases with doping which is the opposite to the expected behavior for a p-type doped perovskites and has not been reported before.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MAT2016-76739-R // Dpto. Educación, Política Lingüística y Cultura of the Basque Government, IT-630-1