Galaxy interactions II: High density environments

With the aim to assess the role of dense environments in galaxy interactions, properties we present an analysis of close galaxy pairs in groups and clusters, obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS-DR7). We identified pairs that reside in groups by cross-correlating the total galaxy pair catalogue with the SDSS-DR7 group catalogue from Zapata et al. (2009). We classify pair galaxies according to the intensity of interaction. We analysed the effect of high density environments on different classes of galaxy-galaxy interactions and we have also studied the impact of the group global environment on pair galaxies. We find that galaxy pairs are more concentrated towards the group centres with respect to the other group galaxy members, and disturbed pairs show a preference to contain the brightest galaxy in the groups. The color-magnitude relation exhibits significant differences between pair galaxies and the control sample, consisting in color tails with a clear excess of extremely blue and red galaxies for merging systems. In addition, pair galaxies show a significant excess of young stellar populations with respect to galaxies in the control sample; this finding suggests that, in dense environments, strong interactions produce an important effect in modifying galaxy properties. We find that the fraction of star forming galaxies decreases toward the group centre; however, galaxy pairs show a more efficient star formation activity than galaxies without a close companion. We have also found that pair galaxies prefer groups with low density global environments with respect to galaxies of the corresponding control sample. Blue, young stellar population galaxies prefer groups within low density global environments.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Influenza and Bacterial Coinfection in Adults With Community-Acquired Pneumonia Admitted to Conventional Wards: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, and Outcomes

Background. Relevance of viral and bacterial coinfection (VBC) in non-intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is poorly characterized. We aim to determine risk factors, features, and outcomes of VBCCAP in this setting. Methods. This is a prospective cohort of adults admitted to conventional wards with CAP. Patients were divided into VBC-CAP, viral CAP (V-CAP), and bacterial CAP (B-CAP) groups. Independent risk and prognostic factors for VBC-CAP were identified. Results. We documented 1123 episodes: 57 (5.1%) VBC-CAP, 98 (8.7%) V-CAP, and 968 (86.1%) B-CAP. Patients with VBCCAP were younger than those with B-CAP (54 vs 71 years; P < .001). Chronic respiratory disease was more frequent in patients with VBC-CAP than in those with V-CAP (26.3% vs 14.3%%; P = .001). Among those with influenza (n = 153), the VBC-CAP group received empirical oseltamivir less often (56.1% vs 73.5%; P < .001). Patients with VBC-CAP also had more respiratory distress (21.1% VBC-CAP; 19.4% V-CAP, and 9.8% B-CAP; P < .001) and required ICU admission more often (31.6% VBC-CAP, 31.6% V-CAP, and 12.8% B-CAP; P < .001). Me 30-day case-fatality rate was 3.5% in the VBC-CAP group, 3.1% in the V-CAP group, and 6.3% in the B-CAP group (P = .232). Furthermore, VBC-CAP was associated with severity criteria (odds ratio [OR], 5.219; P < .001) and lack of empirical oseltamivir therapy in influenza cases (OR, 0.401; P < .043). Conclusions. Viral and bacterial coinfection-CAP involved younger patients with comorbidities and with poor influenza vaccination rate. Patients with VBC-CAP presented more respiratory complications and more often required ICU admission. Nevertheless, 30-day mortality rate was low and related either to severity criteria or to delayed initiation of oseltamivir therapy

Organización escolar. Importancia de la relación familia-escuela. Validación CPPRFE / School organization. Importance of the family-school relationship CPPRFE validation

El presente trabajo expone una visión que, continuando la línea de aproximación de Alonso (2020), pretende ofrecer un punto de partida acerca de la importancia de la organización e intervención en un aspecto tan relevante —en lo que a educación general se refiere— como es la colaboración del centro educativo y las familias. Para ello, se presenta una aproximación epistemológica basada en autores relevantes en la materias, así como una revisión de las leyes vinculantes más relevantes. Este proceso de revisión exhaustiva dio como resultado la duda —no resuelta en artículos de investigación presentados en los últimos años— acerca de si los docentes —parte fundamental del citado proceso de colaboración— son conscientes o no de la importancia de esta relación. Es por ello que se procedió a la confección y validación de un cuestionario (CPPRFE) que, sin lugar a duda, servirá como base para futuras investigaciones

Effect of albumin administration on outcomes in hypoalbuminemic patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (ALBUCAP): a prospective, randomized, phase III clinical controlled trial - a trial protocol

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of death worldwide, and hypoalbuminemia is associated with worse outcomes. However, it remains uncertain whether albumin administration could have any beneficial effects. We aim to assess whether the administration of albumin in hypoalbuminemic patients with CAP increases the proportion of clinically stable patients at day 5 compared with the standard of care alone. Methods: This is a trial protocol for a superiority, non-blinded, multicenter, randomized, phase 3, interventional controlled clinical trial. The primary endpoint will be the proportion of clinical stable patients at day 5 (intention to treat), defined as those with stable vital signs for at least 24 h. The secondary endpoints will be time to clinical stability, duration of intravenous and total antibiotic treatment, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit admission, duration of mechanical ventilation and vasopressor treatment, adverse events, readmission within 30 days, and all-cause mortality. The trial has been approved by the Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. The investigators commit to publish the data in peer-reviewed journals within a year of the study completion date. Subjects will be recruited from three Spanish hospitals over a planned enrolment period of 2 years. A follow-up visit will be performed 1 month after discharge. We have estimated the need for a sample size of 360 patients at a two-sided 5% alpha-level with a power of 80% based on intention to treat. Eligible participants must be hospitalized, hypoalbuminemic (≤ 30 g/L), non-immunosuppressed, adults, and diagnosed with CAP. They will be randomly assigned (1:1) to receive standard care plus albumin (20 g in 100 mL) every 12 h for 4 days or standard care alone. Discussion: If this randomized trial confirms the hypothesis, it should lead to a change in current clinical practice for the management of hypoalbuminemic patients with CAP

Impact of comprehensive molecular testing to reduce antibiotic use in community-acquired pneumonia (RADICAP): a randomised, controlled, phase IV clinical trial protocol

Introduction Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) continues to be a major health problem worldwide and is one of the main reasons for prescribing antibiotics. However, the causative agent is often not identified, resulting in antibiotic overtreatment, which is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance and adverse events. We aim to test the hypothesis that comprehensive molecular testing, compared with routine microbiological testing, would be effective in reducing antibiotic use in patients with CAP. Methods and analysis We will perform a randomised, controlled, open-label clinical trial with two parallel groups (1:1) at two tertiary hospitals between 2020 and 2022. Non-severely immunosuppressed adults hospitalised for CAP will be considered eligible. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive either the experimental diagnosis (comprehensive molecular testing plus routine microbiological testing) or standard diagnosis (only microbiological routine testing). The primary endpoint will be antibiotic consumption measured as days of antibiotic therapy per 1000 patient-days. Secondary endpoints will be de-escalation to narrower antibiotic treatment, time to switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics, days to reaching an aetiological diagnosis, antibiotic-related side effects, length of stay, days to clinical stability, intensive care unit admission, days of mechanical ventilation, hospital readmission up to 30 days after randomisation and death from any cause by 48 hours and 30 days after randomisation. We will need to include 440 subjects to be able to reject the null hypothesis that both groups have equal days of antibiotic therapy per 1000 patient-days with a probability >0.8. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Bellvitge Hospital (AC028/19) and from the Spanish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, and it is valid for all participating centres under existing Spanish legislation. Results will be presented at international meetings and will be made available to patients, their caregivers and funder

SHARDS: A global view of the star formation activity at z~0.84 and z~1.23

In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at intermediate redshifts (z~1). We combine the ultra-deep optical spectro-photometric data from the Survey for High-z Absorption Red and Dead Sources (SHARDS) with deep UV-to-FIR observations in the GOODS-N field. Exploiting two of the 25 SHARDS medium-band filters, F687W17 and F823W17, we select [OII] emission line galaxies at z~0.84 and z~1.23 and characterize their physical properties. Their rest-frame equivalent widths (EW$_{\mathrm{rf}}$([OII])), line fluxes, luminosities, star formation rates (SFRs) and dust attenuation properties are investigated. The evolution of the EW$_{\mathrm{rf}}$([OII]) closely follows the SFR density evolution of the universe, with a trend of EW$_{\mathrm{rf}}$([OII])$\propto$(1+z)$^3$ up to redshift z~1, followed by a possible flattening. The SF properties of the galaxies selected on the basis of their [OII] emission are compared with complementary samples of SFGs selected by their MIR and FIR emission, and also with a general mass-selected sample of galaxies at the same redshifts. We demonstrate observationally that the UVJ diagram (or, similarly, a cut in the specific SFR) is only partially able to distinguish the quiescent galaxies from the SFGs. The SFR-M$_*$ relation is investigated for the different samples, yelding a logarithmic slope ~1, in good agreement with previous results. The dust attenuations derived from different SFR indicators (UV(1600), UV(2800), [OII], IR) are compared and show clear trends with respect to both the stellar mass and total SFR, with more massive and highly star-forming galaxies being affected by stronger dust attenuation.Comment: Replaced to match the accepted version (24 pages, 1 table, 17 figures). Published in ApJ, 812, 155 (2015): http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/812/15

Pathogenic variants of the coenzyme A biosynthesis-associated enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase cause autosomal-recessive dilated cardiomyopathy

Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential cofactor involved in a range of metabolic pathways including the activation of long-chain fatty acids for catabolism. Cells synthesize CoA de novo from vitamin B5 (pantothenate) via a pathway strongly conserved across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In humans, it involves five enzymatic steps catalyzed by four enzymes: pantothenate kinase (PANK [isoforms 1–4]), 40 -phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase (PPCS), phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase (PPCDC), and CoA synthase (COASY). To date, inborn errors of metabolism associated with all of these genes, except PPCDC, have been described, two related to neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), and one associated with a cardiac phenotype. This paper reports another defect in this pathway (detected in two sisters), associated with a fatal cardiac phenotype, caused by biallelic variants (p.Thr53Pro and p.Ala95Val) of PPCDC. PPCDC enzyme (EC 4.1.1.36) catalyzes the decarboxylation of 40 -phosphopantothenoylcysteine to 40 -phosphopantetheine in CoA biosynthesis. The variants p.Thr53Pro and p.Ala95Val affect residues highly conserved across different species; p.Thr53Pro is involved in the binding of flavin mononucleotide, and p.Ala95Val is likely a destabilizing mutation. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed an absence of PPCDC protein, and nearly 50% reductions in CoA levels. The cells showed clear energy deficiency problems, with defects in mitochondrial respiration, and mostly glycolytic ATP synthesis. Functional studies performed in yeast suggest these mutations to be functionally relevant. In summary, this work describes a new, ultra-rare, severe inborn error of metabolism due to pathogenic variants of PPCDCConsejería de Educaci on, Juventud y Deporte, Comunidad de Madrid, Grant/Award Number: B2017/BMD3721; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Grant/Award Number: PI19/01155; Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Grant/Award Number: BFU2017-82574-

ABX3 inorganic halide perovskites for solar cells: chemical and crystal structure stability

La energía solar es una de las tecnologías más prometedoras y desarrolladas de los últimos años, debido a su alta eficiencia y bajo costo. En este sentido, las celdas solares de tipo perovskita han sido el foco de atención de la comunidad científica mundial. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es presentar un análisis de diversas investigaciones reportadas sobre la síntesis y desarrollo de películas fotoactivas de perovskita ABX3 para celdas solares, con énfasis en el efecto que la temperatura y la humedad tienen sobre la estabilidad de su estructura química y cristalina de la perovskita inorgánica ABX3. En cuanto a la estructura de las celdas fotovoltaicas basadas en perovskitas inorgánicas tipo ABX3, se presenta un análisis sobre los materiales de los que están conformadas y sobre la mejora de la eficiencia (PCS), factor de llenado (FF), densidad de corriente a corto circuito (Jsc) y del voltaje a circuito abierto (Voc) de estos dispositivos. A manera de conclusión, se presenta una relación de los métodos, variables de síntesis y tipo de perovskita inorgánica utilizados para el desarrollo de dispositivos fotovoltaicos con las mejores eficiencias; también se resaltan las tendencias hacia las que se dirige esta área importante de la ciencia.Palabras clave: Perovskitas inorgánicas, propiedades optoelectrónicas, estabilidad química, estructura cristalina, métodos de obtención.

Factores no farmacológicos asociados al control de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados al control no farmacológico de los adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en la poblaciónamericana. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática en diferentes bases de datos con palabras clave acerca de los factoresasociados al control de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 bajo diferentes criterios de inclusión y exclusión, que posteriormente fueron revisados,para un total de 21 estudios analizados y categorizados; teniendo en cuenta para la discusión solo aquellas variables que permitieranestablecer asociaciones estadísticamente significativas. Se tomó como variable de referencia para el control glicémico la hemoglobina Aglicosilada. Resultados: los factores asociados con el control glicémico fueron la edad, sexo, raza, hemoglobina glicosilada base, idioma,duración de la enfermedad, dieta (ingesta de carbohidratos, lípidos y proteínas, así como costumbres de tabaquismo y alcoholismo),lípidos, peso, índice de masa corporal, perímetro abdominal, presión arterial sistólica, ejercicio (tipo aeróbico, de resistencia ó combinado;consumo de oxígeno en ml/kg/min; umbral ventilatorio frente a hemoglobina glicosilada), programas de educación (número y tipo grupaló personal), conocimiento de la enfermedad, visita al nutricionista, autocuidado, seguridad social, empleo, estados de ánimo depresivos,nivel socioeconómico y educativo y funcionalidad familiar, los cuales fueron estadísticamente significativos (p&lt; 0,05); sin embargo, los quefueron mayormente asociados en varios de los artículos fueron la hemoglobina glicosilada de base, los programas de educación al pacientediabético y la edad. Discusión: las anteriores variables establecidas a nivel estadístico como factores de riesgo permiten clasificarlas comomodificables y no modificables, lo cual es fundamental para plantear y definir estrategias que permitan alcanzar el máximo control dela enfermedad, así como para amortiguar los efectos deletéreos de los procesos celulares de envejecimiento celular; evitando así lascomplicaciones microangiopáticas y neuromusculares típicas de esta endocrinopatía. (MÉD.UIS. 2012;25(1):29-43).Palabras clave: Dieta. Ejercicio. Educación. Obesidad. Diabetes. Hb A1c. Seguridad social. Autocuidado. &nbsp;Nonpharmacological factors associated with diabetes mellitus type 2Objective: determine the factors associated with nonpharmacologic of adults with diabetes mellitus type 2 in the American population.Method: we conducted a systematic review in different databases with key words about the factors associated with diabetes mellitustype 2 under different inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were subsequently revised to a total of 21 studies analyzed and categorized ,allowing for discussion only those variables that establish statistically significant associations. Was taken as the reference variable glycemiccontrol glycosylated hemoglobin A. Results: factors associated with glycemic control were age, sex, race, glycosylated hemoglobin basis,language, duration of illness, diet (intake of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins as well as smoking and drinking habits), lipids, weight ,body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, exercise (aerobic, resistance or combined, oxygen consumption in ml / kg/ min, ventilatory threshold versus glycosylated hemoglobin), education (number and type or group staff), knowledge of the disease, visitthe nutritionist, self care, social security, employment, depressive moods, socioeconomic and educational level and family functioning,which were statistically significant (p &lt;0.05), but which were mostly associated in several of the articles were glycosylated hemoglobinbasic education programs for diabetic patients and age. Discussion: above variables statistically established risk factors allow classified asmodifiable and non modifiable, which is essential to raise and define strategies to achieve maximum control of the disease and to mitigatethe deleterious effects of the processes aging cell phone, thus avoiding complications and neuromuscular microangiopathic typical of thisendocrinopathy. (MÉD.UIS. 2012, 25 (1): 29-43).Keywords: Diet. Exercise. Education. Obesity. Diabetes. Hb A1c. Social security. Self Care. &nbsp

SHARDS: stellar populations and star formation histories of a mass-selected sample of 0.65 < z < 1.1 galaxies

We report on results from the analysis of a stellar mass-selected (log (M*/M⊙) ≥ 9.0) sample of 1644 galaxies at 0.65 11, in agreement with downsizing scenarios