Flexiteste - uma nova versão dos mapas de avaliação

A flexibilidade (amplitude máxima fisiológica de um dado movimento articular) é um dos principais itens da aptidão física. Em varias áreas do conhecimento, existe interesse na medida e avaliação da mobilidade articular. As principais técnicas atualmente em uso são as métricas e as goniométricas. Em 1980, foi proposto o flexi teste como um método de avaliação da mobilidade passiva de 20 movimentos articulares. Neste método, o movimento executado pelo avaliador é com parado com mapas de avaliação, atribuindo-se valores inteiros de 0 a 4 (números maiores para as amplitudes ma i ores), uma grande experiência pratica, o intercâmbio com estudantes e professores e mais de 120ü fotografias com o método indicaram a necessidade de aprimorar os mapas de avaliação originais. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma nova versão aperfeiçoada dos mapas de avaliação do flexiteste. Três dos 20 movimentos inicialmente propostos tiveram modificações nas posições do avaliador e do avaliado, tendo sido necessário estabelecer novas angulações (mudança do critério original) para os movi­mentos XIX e XX, ambos do ombro. Para esta ultima modificação, foram v fotografados 23 indivíduos nas posições antigas e novas, feita a fotogoniometr1a e determinada a regressão linear que permite a conversão dos valores antigos em novos, conservando assim o mérito dos da dos coletados com a versão original. 0 trabalho apresenta ainda, com riqueza de detalhes, as modificações e correções efetuadas na nova versão dos mapas de avaliação

Mass-rearing of Mediterranean fruit fly using low-cost yeast products produced in Brazil

Ceratitis capitata is one of the most important pests of fruits for exportation, and Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been the most efficient and environmental friendly technique used to control fruit fly populations around the world. A key goal in achieving a successful SIT program is a mass rearing system producing high quality insects at low cost. Providing adults with an artificial diet containing hydrolysed protein has been the major obstacle for bio-production facilities in Brazil, because it is expensive and has to be imported. Two other commercial products, autolysed yeast (AY) and yeast extract (YE), of domestic origin and low cost, were tested as substitutes of the imported hydrolyzed protein. To compare their efficiency we observed the female fecundity, adult survival and egg viability of flies raised on diets containing one of each of the different protein products. Flies reared on the domestic yeast products had equivalent or superior performance to the flies reared on imported protein. Both AY and YE can be a possible substitute for imported hydrolyzed protein for C. capitata mass-rearing, as they are cheaper and are readily available in the national market

The Genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector

Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vectorhuman and vectorparasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles- darlingi. © 2013 The Author(s)

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

USE OF UMBU (SPONDIAS TUBEROSA ARR. CAMARA) PULP FOR PREPARATION OF DIET CEREAL BAR

ABSTRACT Umbu is a fruit very appreciated by the Brazilian Northeast people, but these fruits show great perishability. Cereal bars production with fruits addition is interesting because allow the technological use of noble raw materials, besides to reduce umbu post-harvest losses. The aims of this study were the production of diet bars with umbu pulp and to carry out the chemical, physical and sensory characterization of these products. Different gums were studied as binder agents and sucralose and acesulfame-K as sweeteners, in the elaboration of four treatments of diet bars: BUA (Arabic gum), BUC (carrageenan), BUT (tara), BUX (xanthan) and the control treatment BUCT (with glucose syrup and sucrose). The chemical, physical and sensory data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p=0.05). The results revealed that the products presented high contents of protein, dietary fibers, lipids and ash. The BUX treatment reached better acceptance by the consumers related to odor, flavor, texture and overall quality attributes; it revealed higher positive purchase intention (58 %), followed by the BUT treatment (33%). The BUCT, BUC and BUA treatments reached lower acceptance by the consumers due to lower score to overall quality. The use of umbu pulp and gum in the preparation of diet cereal bar showed to be a good alternative to reduce fruit loss and to increase market value of the products that presented potential for consumers in general or with restriction to the use of sucrose

EFEITO DO PROCESSAMENTO SOBRE OS TEORES DE OXALATO E TANINO EM MAXIXE (CUCUMIS ANGURIA L.), JILÓ (SOLANUM GILO), FEIJÃO VERDE (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP) E FEIJÃO ANDU (CAJANUS CAJAN (L.) MILL SP)

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito do processamento térmico e do armazenamento em salmoura ácida, em função do tempo, nos teores de substâncias antinutricionais em hortaliças (maxixe e jiló) e leguminosas (feijão verde e feijão andu) comercializadas em Salvador- -BA. Os teores de oxalatos (ox) e taninos (tan) foram determinados nos vegetais in natura, submetidos ao branqueamento (100°C/3min) e nos vegetais em salmoura ácida, hermeticamente fechados e armazenados, durante um período de seis meses. A determinação de oxalato foi realizada por permanganametria, utilizando solução de KMnO4 (0,002mol.L-1) e os taninos foram quantificados segundo o método de Folin Ciocalteau. Os valores médios (mg/100g) encontrados nos vegetais in natura foram:maxixe (tan: 1,56±0,00 e ox: 1,44±0,00) e jiló (tan:3,46±0,04 e ox: 3,58±0,08). Com relação às leguminosas, os valores mé- dios (mg/100g) foram: feijão verde (tan: 4,71±0,08 e ox: 4,92±0,03) e feijão andu (tan:6,05±0,02 e ox: 0,48±0,04). Houve redução média de 17,5% (ox) e 10% (tan) após o tratamento térmico e de 60,75% (ox) e 89,2 % (tan) após o armazenamento dos vegetais estudados, quando comparados com os teores dos mesmos na forma in natura. Conclui-se que os teores dos fatores antinutricionais diminuem após tratamento térmico e durante o armazenamento desses produtos em conservas

USE OF UMBU (SPONDIAS TUBEROSA ARR. CAMARA) PULP FOR PREPARATION OF DIET CEREAL BAR

<div><p>ABSTRACT Umbu is a fruit very appreciated by the Brazilian Northeast people, but these fruits show great perishability. Cereal bars production with fruits addition is interesting because allow the technological use of noble raw materials, besides to reduce umbu post-harvest losses. The aims of this study were the production of diet bars with umbu pulp and to carry out the chemical, physical and sensory characterization of these products. Different gums were studied as binder agents and sucralose and acesulfame-K as sweeteners, in the elaboration of four treatments of diet bars: BUA (Arabic gum), BUC (carrageenan), BUT (tara), BUX (xanthan) and the control treatment BUCT (with glucose syrup and sucrose). The chemical, physical and sensory data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p=0.05). The results revealed that the products presented high contents of protein, dietary fibers, lipids and ash. The BUX treatment reached better acceptance by the consumers related to odor, flavor, texture and overall quality attributes; it revealed higher positive purchase intention (58 %), followed by the BUT treatment (33%). The BUCT, BUC and BUA treatments reached lower acceptance by the consumers due to lower score to overall quality. The use of umbu pulp and gum in the preparation of diet cereal bar showed to be a good alternative to reduce fruit loss and to increase market value of the products that presented potential for consumers in general or with restriction to the use of sucrose.</p></div

Development and characterization of a soymilk Kefir-based functional beverage

Abstract Kefir is a fermented beverage that deserves special attention, since it has probiotic activity and unique sensory, nutritional, and therapeutic properties. Given that both kefir and soymilk are beneficial to human health, this study aimed to assess the physicochemical characteristics and acceptability of soymilk Kefir-based functional beverages (SKB) properly inoculated with lactobacilli strain after 16h of incubation at 37 °C. It was monitored lactobacilli cell viability, yeasts count, pH, titratable acidity, lipids, proteins, ash, total solid, carbohydrates, caloric values and acceptability of the products. Additionally was conducted a shelf-life study of SKB added of peach-flavor. The lactobacilli cell count ranged from 7.0 to 8.0 Log10 CFUmL-1 and pH values from 4.5 to 4.6. SKB samples with higher soymilk kefir percent presented higher lactobacilli cell count and lower lipid, ash, total solid, carbohydrate and caloric value. Results showed similar preferential rates for the SKB up to 30% of added soymilk kefir. The functional peach-flavored beverage presented appropriate pH value (4.3) and high viable cells count (7.0 Log10 CFUmL-1) up to the 28th day of cold storage, showed high acceptability (94.5%) and positive purchase intention (83.4%) among consumers