Biarritz : ses ressources hygiéniques et thérapeutiques

Ex libris Louis RaillardCarton

Simulación de vuelo de múltiples UAVs de ala fija

El objetivo de este Trabajo Fin de Máster es la simulación en el entorno de programación MATLAB® de distintos casos de vuelo con múltiples vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAVs). Para ello se han diseñado tres programas diferentes en MATLAB® cada uno con distintas simulaciones para ver como actuarían en la vida real los UAVs ante diferentes perturbaciones. Hay un primer programa para barrer áreas rectangulares, pudiéndose desactivar un UAV en plena simulación. Un segundo programa para ver como interaccionan entre sí varios conjuntos de UAVs al localizar objetivos para después profundizar más en esos objetivos con otro UAV y un tercer programa que se parece al primero, pero en el cual, los UAVs de un único conjunto despegan y aterrizan de una base para barrer un área cuya única condición es que sea convexa. Se han utilizado diversas interfaces gráficas para modificar cómodamente los parámetros de los programas por parte del usuario.The aim of this Master’s Work is the simulation programming environment MATLAB® different flight cases with multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This work has been designed three different programs in MATLAB® , each one with different simulations to see how they would act in real life UAVs to various disturbances. There is a first program to sweep rectangular areas, being able to deactivate a UAV in full simulation. A second program to see how they interact with each other several sets of UAVs to locate targets for later deeper into these objectives with other UAVs and a third program that looks like the first, but in which UAVs of a single set of UAVs off and landing of a base to sweep an area whose only condition is that is convex. They have used various graphical interfaces to easily modify the parameters of the programs by the user.Universidad de Sevilla. Máster en Ingeniería Aeronáutic

Efecto de la época de aplicación del N y período de cosecha en la producción y calidad de frutos de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa Duch)

En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la época de aplicación del fertilizante nitrogenado y el período de cosecha sobre la producción y la calidad de frutos de fresa. Se plantaron fresas cv ‘Camino real’ en una parcela experimental en Morelia, México bajo condiciones de cielo abierto. Se aplicó 5 mM de N en el riego en distintas etapas fisiológicas del cultivo: crecimiento vegetativo (E1), entre el final de la primera fructificación e inicios de la segunda floración (E2) y sin nitrógeno (E3), durante el ciclo productivo. Se cosecharon los frutos rojos de cada planta y se evaluó la producción y parámetros de calidad. Se encontró que a medida que las aplicaciones fueron más tardías o no se aplicó N, disminuyen los frutos. El período de cosecha, influyó significativamente la producción y calidad del fruto. Las diferencias encontradas en los distintos períodos de cosecha estuvieron correlacionadas con las condiciones climáticas. La acidez, fenoles totales y sólidos solubles totales se correlacionaron positivamente con la radiación solar y temperatura. La concentración de antocianinas en los frutos es influenciada por ambos factores evaluados; lo cual podría ser de beneficio desde un punto de vista nutricional

Información climática asociada a estaciones productivas para el ajuste de modelos estadísticos de sistemas bovinos bajo condiciones extensivas

Artículo de investigación publicado en revista internacional indizada.El objeto de este estudio fue desarrollar una metodología para clasificar épocas de nacimiento (EN) y evaluar su impacto en indicadores productivos al compararlas con un método tradicional de clasificación. Con información meteorológica, se generó un índice de aridez para clasificar las EN. Las EN propuesta y tradicional se compararon, incluyéndolas como grupo contemporáneo (GC= hato, sexo, año y EN) a modelos de evaluación genética de caracteres de peso vivo. Fueron estimados los componentes de varianza y valores genéticos (DEP) con sus exactitudes. La clasifica- ción propuesta explicó mayor variabilidad que la clasificación tradicional (≥9,8%). Los parámetros genéticos mostraron cambios importantes, siendo los más evidentes en peso al destete. Los modelos fueron diferentes de acuerdo a la prueba de razón de verosimilitudes (P<0,01). Se observó una mejora de estructura en los GC. Para los dos caracteres evaluados las correlaciones entre los valores genéticos de los animales fueron diferentes, lo que indica cambio en la jerarquización. Este método de clasificación de EN puede ayudar a mejorar el ajuste de modelos estadísticos en condiciones en las que exista la información climática necesaria para su implementación.Los autores agradecen al Consejo Nacional de Cien- cia y Tecnología por el financiamiento del proyecto CB168207 y al Instituto Politécnico Nacional a través del proyecto SIP20150746

Changes in kernel chemical composition during nut development of three Italian hazelnut cultivars

This research focused on the variation of the kernel and pellicle (seed coat) constituents during nut growth, from early development to maturity.Material and methods. Nuts of three hazelnut cultivars widely grown in Italy: \u2018Tonda Gentile Romana\u2019, \u2018Tonda di Giffoni\u2019 and \u2018Nocchione\u2019. were randomly sampled weekly, from the same trees, starting from the first week of July 2007 (day of the year: DOY = 186) until the beginning of September (DOY = 249), at harvest time. Oil content increased continuously during the development of the kernel, from 30\u201335 g 100 g 121 dry weight (DW) at the beginning of July, to 61\u201368 g 100 g 121 DW in the first week of September. Total monounsaturated fatty acids were the main group of fatty acids in the oil and oleic acid was the most predominant one, showing slight variations depending on the cultivar and kernel growth stage. Nitrogen content in the kernel decreased continuously during development, from 4.2 g 100 g 121 DW to 2.9 g 100 g 121 DW on average among the cultivars. Soluble sugars, mainly sucrose, showed a wide fluctuation until late July, and the content observed in the mature seed was about 5 g 100 g 121 DW in all cultivars. The organic acids, mainly represented by malic acid, showed a large decrease during the early stages (July), and reached on average a content of about 0.3\u20130.4 g 100 g 121 DW at the mature stage. Starch content for all cultivars was highest at the first sampling date, then decreased rapidly, coinciding with the initial kernel expansion stage. Starch levels then increased to a second peak in early August, then rapidly decreased again, followed by a gradual decline up to the time of nut ripening. The total phenol content was mainly concentrated in the pellicle and showed wide variation during the nut development both in the kernel and pellicle. The complexity of these dynamics can explain the different kernel taste in immature and mature states, and highlights the possibilities of optimizing the orchard management and harvesting time

Modeling the vacuolar storage of malate shed lights on pre- and post-harvest fruit acidity

Background: Malate is one of the most important organic acids in many fruits and its concentration plays a critical role in organoleptic properties. Several studies suggest that malate accumulation in fruit cells is controlled at the level of vacuolar storage. However, the regulation of vacuolar malate storage throughout fruit development, and the origins of the phenotypic variability of the malate concentration within fruit species remain to be clarified. In the present study, we adapted the mechanistic model of vacuolar storage proposed by Lobit et al. in order to study the accumulation of malate in pre and postharvest fruits. The main adaptation concerned the variation of the free energy of ATP hydrolysis during fruit development. Banana fruit was taken as a reference because it has the particularity of having separate growth and post-harvest ripening stages, during which malate concentration undergoes substantial changes. Moreover, the concentration of malate in banana pulp varies greatly among cultivars which make possible to use the model as a tool to analyze the genotypic variability. The model was calibrated and validated using data sets from three cultivars with contrasting malate accumulation, grown under different fruit loads and potassium supplies, and harvested at different stages. Results: The model predicted the pre and post-harvest dynamics of malate concentration with fairly good accuracy for the three cultivars (mean RRMSE = 0.25-0.42). The sensitivity of the model to parameters and input variables was analyzed. According to the model, vacuolar composition, in particular potassium and organic acid concentrations, had an important effect on malate accumulation. The model suggested that rising temperatures depressed malate accumulation. The model also helped distinguish differences in malate concentration among the three cultivars and between the pre and post-harvest stages by highlighting the probable importance of proton pump activity and particularly of the free energy of ATP hydrolysis and vacuolar pH. Conclusions: This model appears to be an interesting tool to study malate accumulation in pre and postharvest fruits and to get insights into the ecophysiological determinants of fruit acidity, and thus may be useful for fruit quality improvement. (Résumé d'auteur

Influence of color and height of pan traps to capture braconids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of capturing braconids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on yellow, blue, cream, and green pan traps at two heights (0 and 90 cm) for a period of four weeks in the Natural Protected Area “Cerro Punhuato”, (Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico). The reflectance of each color was measured with a field analytical spectrophotometer. One hundred four (104) specimens, belonging to 14 subfamilies and 28 genera, were collected. Yellow and green pan traps caught the largest number of specimens and the greatest diversity of genera, showing 56.5 % similarity, as estimated with the Bray-Curtis index. Yellow pan traps installed at ground level exceeded the capture in green pan traps. The level of reflectance of the green and yellow pan traps was in the range from 360 to 530 nm, possibly indicating that this is the wavelength range in which braconids are attracted to both color

Genetic dissection of fruit quality traits in the octoploid cultivated strawberry highlights the role of homoeo-QTL in their control

Fruit quality traits are major breeding targets in the Rosaceae. Several of the major Rosaceae species are current or ancient polyploids. To dissect the inheritance of fruit quality traits in polyploid fleshy fruit species, we used a cultivated strawberry segregating population comprising a 213 full-sibling F1 progeny from a cross between the variety ‘Capitola’ and the genotype ‘CF1116’. We previously developed the most comprehensive strawberry linkage map, which displays seven homoeology groups (HG), including each four homoeology linkage groups (Genetics 179:2045–2060, 2008). The map was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for 19 fruit traits related to fruit development, texture, colour, anthocyanin, sugar and organic acid contents. Analyses were carried out over two or three successive years on field-grown plants. QTL were detected for all the analysed traits. Because strawberry is an octopolyploid species, QTL controlling a given trait and located at orthologous positions on different homoeologous linkage groups within one HG are considered as homoeo-QTL. We found that, for various traits, about one-fourth of QTL were putative homoeo-QTL and were localised on two linkage groups. Several homoeo-QTL could be detected the same year, suggesting that several copies of the gene underlying the QTL are functional. The detection of some other homoeo-QTL was year-dependent. Therefore, changes in allelic expression could take place in response to environmental changes. We believe that, in strawberry as in other polyploid fruit species, the mechanisms unravelled in the present study may play a crucial role in the variations of fruit quality

Biarritz : ses ressources hygiéniques et thérapeutiques / Jean Lobit ; introduction par H. Huchard.

Ex libris Louis RaillardBILBAO vol. V, p. 196Digitalización Vitoria-Gasteiz Fundación Sancho el Sabio 2009Carton