Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) : Showcases for making science diplomacy

Science diplomacy can be defined as "the use of scientific collaborations between countries to address joint problems and to build constructive international partnerships for delivering effective scientific advice for policy making". During the last 10 years, the Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) has been active in finding ways to solve global Grand Challenges, particularly climate change and poor air quality in polluted megacities, and at the same time, better bridge research to international climate policy and science diplomacy processes. INAR has introduced Pan-Eurasian Experiment programme running since the year 2012 (www.atm.helsinki.fi/peex) to better address the scientific challenge to understand Atmosphere - Earth Surface - Biosphere interactions and feedbacks in the Northern Eurasian context. INAR has also launched a measurement concept called the Global Network of Stations Measuring Earth Surface and Atmosphere Interactions (GlobalSMEAR) and has hosted the European Centre of the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences since 2015. Most recently, INAR has coordinated the Arena for the gap analysis of the existing Arctic Science Co-Operations (AASCO), 2020-2021, to promote research with a holistic and integrated approach in understanding feedbacks and interactions globally and locally at the Arctic and outside the Arctic environments.Non peer reviewe

ADHD-aikuisten informaatiokäyttäytyminen ja -resilienssi koulutusvalinnassa

Tiivistelmä. Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tavoitteena on tarkastella ADHD-aikuisten koulutusvalinnan tiedontarpeisiin, -hankintaan, -lähteisiin ja tiedon käyttöön mahdollisesti kytkeytyviä vastoinkäymisiä ja epävarmuuden tunteita sekä näiden haasteiden ratkaisemista. Tätä koulutusvalinnan päätöksentekoon tähtäävää toimintaa tarkastellaan informaatiokäyttäytymisen ja -resilienssin välisenä yhteytenä. Teemahaastatteluun osallistui seitsemän aikuisiällä ADHD-diagnosoitua henkilöä maalis-syyskuussa 2019. Aineisto analysoitiin teoriasidonnaisesti. Työssä noudatettiin tarkasti tutkimusetiikkaa. Tulokset lisäävät ymmärrystämme informaatiokäyttäytymisen ja -resilienssin yhteyksistä koulutusvalinnoissa. Esille tulleet tiedontarpeet ovat fysiologisia, affektiivisia ja kognitiivisia ja tiedon tietoista välttelyä on jonkin verran. Aiemmasta koulutusvalinnan tutkimuksesta poiketen tuloksissa korostuvat tiedontarpeet valintakokeiden erityisjärjestelyistä, opintojen yksilöllisistä järjestelyistä, opintojen toteutumismuodoista ja harjoittelujaksoista. Oppilaitosten verkkosivujen, Opintopolku-sivuston ja muiden yhteishakusivustojen käyttö tukee aiempaa tutkimusta. Opinto-ohjaajan erittäin vähäinen rooli poikkeaa aiemmasta tutkimuksesta ja esille nousee Ohjaamojen palvelupisteiden sekä työkokeilujen ja -pajojen henkilöstöjen ja omien kollegojen rooli tiedonlähteinä. Välineellinen tiedon käyttö ilmenee tiedon reflektointina yksilön sisäistämän tiedon valossa. Käsitteellinen tiedon käyttö kohdistuu koulutusvalinnan päätöksentekoon johtaneiden yksittäisten faktatietojen arviointiin. Informaatioresilienssin piirteistä yksilön hyvät tunnesäätelytaidot, kielteisten tunteiden toleranssi, positiiviset elämänkokemukset, itsetuntemus ADHD:stä sekä ammatillinen itsetuntemus edistävät etenkin negatiivisen informaation reflektointia ja siten vahvistavat myös yksilön informaatioresilienssiä. Huomionarvoista on, että Ohjaamojen palvelupisteiden sekä työkokeilujen ja -pajojen henkilöstöjen antama tieto ja ohjaus kytkeytyy affektiivisiin tiedontarpeisiin, käsitteelliseen tiedon käyttöön, yksilöllisten vahvuuksien tiedostamiseen ja ammatillisen itsetuntemuksen lisääntymiseen. Tutkimuksessa tunnistetut tiedonhankinnan esteet osoittavat tarpeen koota oppilaitosten verkkosivujen sekä Opintopolku-sivuston hakijoille -osioihin kattavasti tietoa koulutusalojen työllisyydestä, urapolkuvaihtoehdoista, valintakokeiden erityisjärjestelyistä sekä opintojen yksilöllisistä järjestelyistä. Aiemmista koulutusvalinnoista, opiskelu-, työ- ja elämänkokemuksista sekä ADHD:stä sisäistetty tiedon käyttö herättää jatkotutkimuksen tarpeen ei-ensikertalaisten koulutusvalinnan päätöksentekijöiden informaatiokäyttäytymisestä ja -resilienssistä

Anatomical regulation of ice nucleation and cavitation helps trees to survive freezing and drought stress

Peer reviewe

Stem emissions of monoterpenes, acetaldehyde, and methanol from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) affected by tree water relations and cambial growth

Abstract Tree stems are an overlooked source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Their contribution to ecosystem processes and total VOC fluxes is not well studied, and assessing it requires better understanding of stem emission dynamics and their driving processes. To gain more mechanistic insight into stem emission patterns, we measured monoterpene, methanol, and acetaldehyde emissions from the stems of mature Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) in a boreal forest over three summers. We analysed the effects of temperature, soil water content, tree water status, transpiration, and growth on the VOC emissions, and used generalized linear models to test their relative importance in explaining the emissions. We show that Scots pine stems are considerable sources of monoterpenes, methanol, and acetaldehyde, and their emissions are strongly regulated by temperature. However, even small changes in water availability affected the emission potentials: increased soil water content increased the monoterpene emissions within a day, whereas acetaldehyde and methanol emissions responded within two to four days. This lag corresponded to their transport time in the xylem sap from the roots to the stem. Moreover, the emissions of monoterpenes, methanol, and acetaldehyde were influenced by the cambial growth rate of the stem with six- to ten-day lags. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Athletes’ Expectations About Sport-Injury Rehabilitation: A Cross-Cultural Study

Context: Athletes enter injury rehabilitation with certain expectations about the recovery process, outcomes, and the professional providing treatment. Their expectations influence the effectiveness of the assistance received and affect the overall rehabilitation process. Expectations may vary depending on numerous factors such as sport experience, gender, sport-type and cultural background. Unfortunately, limited information is available on athletes’ expectations about sport injury rehabilitation. Objective: To examine possible differences in athletes’ expectations about sport injury rehabilitation based on their country of residence and type of sport (physical contact versus non-physical contact). Design: A cross-sectional design. Setting: Recreational, collegiate, and professional athletes from the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK) and Finland were surveyed. Participants: Of the 1209 athletes ranging from 12 to 80 years of age (Mage = 23.46 ± 7.91), of which 529 US [80%], 253 UK [86%], and 199 Finnish [82%] provided details of their geographical location, were included in the final analyses. Main Outcome Measures: The Expectations about Athletic Training (EAAT) questionnaire was used to determine athletes’ expectations about personal commitment, facilitative conditions, and the expertise of the sports medicine professional (Clement et al., 2012). Results: 3x2 MANCOVA revealed significant main effects for country (p = .0001, ηp2 = .055) and sport type (p = .0001, ηp2 = .023). Specifically, US athletes were found to have higher expectations of personal commitment and facilitative conditions than their UK and Finnish counterparts. Athletes participating in physical contact sports had higher expectations of facilitative conditions and the expertise of the sports medicine professional (SMP) as compared to athletes participating in non-physical contact sports. Conclusions: SMPs, especially those in the US, should consider the sport and environment when providing services. In addition, SMPs need to highlight and demonstrate their expertise durin

EGFR gene amplification is relatively common and associates with outcome in intestinal adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastro-oesophageal junction and distal oesophagus

BACKGROUND Approximately 50 % of gastric adenocarcinomas belong to a molecular subgroup characterised by chromosomal instability and a strong association with the intestinal histological subtype. This subgroup typically contains alterations in the receptor tyrosine kinase-RAS pathway, for example EGFR or HER2 gene amplifications leading to protein overexpression. In clinical practice, HER2 overexpressing metastatic gastric cancer is known to respond to treatment with anti-HER2 antibodies. By contrast, anti-EGFR antibodies have not been able to provide survival benefit in clinical trials, which, however, have not included patient selection based on the histological subtype or EGFR gene copy number analysis of the tumours. To examine the role of EGFR as a potential biomarker, we studied the prevalence, clinicopathological associations as well as prognostic role of EGFR and HER2 expression and gene amplification in intestinal adenocarcinomas of the stomach, gastro-oesophageal junction and distal oesophagus. METHODS Tissue samples from 220 patients were analysed with EGFR and HER2 immunohistochemistry. Those samples with moderate/strong staining intensity were further analysed with silver in situ hybridization to quantify gene copy numbers. The results were associated with clinical patient characteristics and survival. RESULTS Moderate/strong EGFR protein expression was found in 72/220 (32.7 %) and EGFR gene amplification in 31/220 (14.1 %) of the tumours, while moderate/strong HER2 protein expression was detected in 31/220 (14.1 %) and HER2 gene amplification in 29/220 (13.2 %) of the tumours. EGFR and HER2 genes were co-amplified in eight tumours (3.6 %). EGFR gene amplification was more common in tumours of distal oesophagus/gastro-oesophageal junction/cardia than in those of gastric corpus (p = 0.013). It was associated with shortened time to cancer recurrence (p = 0.026) and cancer specific survival (p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS EGFR gene amplification is relatively common in intestinal adenocarcinomas and associates with decreased survival. It is rarely concurrent with HER2 gene amplification, suggesting that anti-EGFR therapies might be applicable to some patients not eligible for anti-HER2 treatment. Analogous to HER2 testing, determination of EGFR gene amplification status in concert with immunohistochemistry could improve the specificity of patient selection when investigating the possible benefits of anti-EGFR therapies in the treatment of gastric adenocarcinomas

Phonetic Notation in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning: Potential Advantages and Learners’ Views

This paper focuses on the use of phonetic notation in foreign language teaching and learning. The aim of the paper is twofold: first, we review some of the potential advantages that the use of phonetic notation seems to have in language teaching and learning; and secondly, the paper reports on learner views obtained with a questionnaire anonymously filled in by EFL (English as a foreign language) learners in tertiary education who followed an English course where an extensive use of phonetic symbols was made for pronunciation work in Finland, France and Spain. The results suggest that learners were relatively familiar with phonetic notation prior to their course although there were differences between countries. Phonetic notation was perceived positively by a majority of learners, particularly in terms of its perceived potential for raising awareness of the target language’s pronunciation features and its potential to visually represent sounds. Learners’ answers were also mostly positive regarding the potential of phonetic notation for autonomous learning, as well as the perceived ease and usefulness of phonetic notation

Бокс в Томском Политехническом университете

Это первая книга о боксе в одном из томских университетов. События, факты, рассказы о боксёрах и их тренерах основаны на документальных материалах, в том числе из архивных источников, воспоминаниях ветеранов и действующих спортсменов. Это знак благодарности и признания боксёрам, тренерам и спортивным организаторам за их нелёгкую, но благодарную работу, за популяризацию бокса. В результате работы получилась содержательная и увлекательная книга, которая вызовет несомненный интерес у читателей, и будет способствовать популяризации такого замечательного вида единоборств как бокс

Serologic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Wild Rodents, Europe

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved.Peer reviewe