Methodical Approach for Detailed Planning of Services to offer Product Service Systems

The transformation of current business models towards offering product service systems (PSS) provides manufacturing companies numerous opportunities to consolidate or even expand their competitive position. Companies are confronted with the challenge of successfully designing this transformation process simultaneously. In order to approach the development of new business models and the transformation process, business model patterns and best practices provide a good first orientation for companies. However, these are designed to be industry-neutral and rather abstract when considering the actual processes. Thus, they do not offer any individual support to companies in the specific development of a business model and its required service delivery processes. Service delivery processes are part of a business model and describe activities that take place to provide services. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in particular do not have the necessary time, technical and methodological resources to manage a transfer from abstract business model examples to an individual business model. This barrier often leads SME to remain with their traditional business model. Therefore, this paper presents a methodology for the detailed planning of service delivery processes. The designed methodology supports the phases design and implementation, which are part of the business model development. The methodology describes a structured procedure, in which relevant services first have to be identified. These services are then broken down into individual process modules on a second level. The modules are elements that can get combined to services. On a third level there are explicit process models. The process models are assigned to the modules and define the respective process steps and the requirements for the implementation. The approach is designed to support companies successfully transform to new business models for PSS by applying the detailed planning for services with specific modules that contain detailed process models and requirements

Industrie 4.0: Mitbestimmen - mitgestalten: Umsetzungsstand von Industrie 4.0 in nordrhein-westfälischen Industrieunternehmen

Der höchste Industrie-4.0-Umsetzungsstand ist im Hinblick auf die Nutzung mobiler Endgeräte sowie in den Branchen Elektronik/Elektrotechnik und Automotive festzustellen. Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen können ein wichtiger Baustein sein, wenn es darum geht, die Zunahme der psychischen Belastung bei den Beschäftigten zu vermeiden und Betriebsräte zu einer aktiven Rolle bei technologischen Veränderungen zu befähigen. Trotz einer hohen Bereitschaft zur Weiterbildung ist die Weiterbildungspraxis noch nicht umfangreich umgesetzt

Industrie 4.0: Mitbestimmen - mitgestalten: Umsetzungsstand von Industrie 4.0 in nordrhein-westfälischen Industrieunternehmen

In der vorliegenden Studie wird der Umsetzungsstand von Industrie 4.0 anhand einer quantitativen Befragung von drei relevanten Ebenen (Geschäftsführung, Betriebsrat, Beschäftigte) in produzierenden Betrieben in Nordrhein-Westfalen untersucht. In enger Verzahnung mit der technischen Umsetzung werden dabei die Bereiche der Mitbestimmung und der Qualifizierung untersucht. Der Umsetzungsstand von Industrie 4.0 erweist sich empirisch als variabel. Dabei differenziert sich diese empirische Vielfalt sowohl über die unterschiedlichen Industrie 4.0-Szenarien als auch über die Zugehörigkeit zu konkreten Branchen aus. Aufseiten der Beschäftigten des Shopfloors wird zudem eine stärker werdende Digitalisierung mit einer erhöhten Arbeitsbelastung in Verbindung gebracht. Während eine hohe Bereitschaft besteht, den Herausforderungen durch die Digitalisierung positiv zu begegnen, zeigt sich gleichzeitig eine in nicht umfangreichem Maße umgesetzte Fortbildungs- und Schulungspraxis zu diesem Thema.In the present research study, the status of implementation of Industry 4.0 is investigated by a quantitative survey of three relevant company levels (management, works council, shopfloor) in manufacturing enterprises in North Rhine-Westphalia. Closely enmeshed with the technical implementation, the fields of participation and qualification will be empirically considered. The status of implementation of Industry 4.0 turns out to be empirically diverse. This empirical diversity ranges from different Industry 4.0 scenarios to the affiliation to certain industries. On the shopfloor, the increasing digitization is associated with an increased workload for the employees. On the one hand, there is a high willingness to face positively the challenges of digitization, but still, on the other hand, present trainings and the further education within the scope of Industry 4.0 prove not to be implemented to an appropriate extent

COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey dataset on psychological and behavioural consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak

This N = 173,426 social science dataset was collected through the collaborative COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey - an open science effort to improve understanding of the human experiences of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic between 30th March and 30th May, 2020. The dataset allows a cross-cultural study of psychological and behavioural responses to the Coronavirus pandemic and associated government measures like cancellation of public functions and stay at home orders implemented in many countries. The dataset contains demographic background variables as well as measures of Asian Disease Problem, perceived stress (PSS-10), availability of social provisions (SPS-10), trust in various authorities, trust in governmental measures to contain the virus (OECD trust), personality traits (BFF-15), information behaviours, agreement with the level of government intervention, and compliance with preventive measures, along with a rich pool of exploratory variables and written experiences. A global consortium from 39 countries and regions worked together to build and translate a survey with variables of shared interests, and recruited participants in 47 languages and dialects. Raw plus cleaned data and dynamic visualizations are available.Measurement(s) psychological measurement center dot anxiety-related behavior trait center dot Stress center dot response to center dot Isolation center dot loneliness measurement center dot Emotional Distress Technology Type(s) Survey Factor Type(s) geographic location center dot language center dot age of participant center dot responses to the Coronavirus pandemic Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo sapiens Sample Characteristic - Location global Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data:Peer reviewe

Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic: Relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey

The COVIDiSTRESS global survey collects data on early human responses to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic from 173 429 respondents in 48 countries. The open science study was co-designed by an international consortium of researchers to investigate how psychological responses differ across countries and cultures, and how this has impacted behaviour, coping and trust in government efforts to slow the spread of the virus. Starting in March 2020, COVIDiSTRESS leveraged the convenience of unpaid online recruitment to generate public data. The objective of the present analysis is to understand relationships between psychological responses in the early months of global coronavirus restrictions and help understand how different government measures succeed or fail in changing public behaviour. There were variations between and within countries. Although Western Europeans registered as more concerned over COVID-19, more stressed, and having slightly more trust in the governments' efforts, there was no clear geographical pattern in compliance with behavioural measures. Detailed plots illustrating between-countries differences are provided. Using both traditional and Bayesian analyses, we found that individuals who worried about getting sick worked harder to protect themselves and others. However, concern about the coronavirus itself did not account for all of the variances in experienced stress during the early months of COVID-19 restrictions. More alarmingly, such stress was associated with less compliance. Further, those most concerned over the coronavirus trusted in government measures primarily where policies were strict. While concern over a disease is a source of mental distress, other factors including strictness of protective measures, social support and personal lockdown conditions must also be taken into consideration to fully appreciate the psychological impact of COVID-19 and to understand why some people fail to follow behavioural guidelines intended to protect themselves and others from infection. The Stage 1 manuscript associated with this submission received in-principle acceptance (IPA) on 18 May 2020. Following IPA, the accepted Stage 1 version of the manuscript was preregistered on the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/g2t3b. This preregistration was performed prior to data analysis

Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic : relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey

The COVIDiSTRESS global survey collects data on early human responses to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic from 173 429 respondents in 48 countries. The open science study was co-designed by an international consortium of researchers to investigate how psychological responses differ across countries and cultures, and how this has impacted behaviour, coping and trust in government efforts to slow the spread of the virus. Starting in March 2020, COVIDiSTRESS leveraged the convenience of unpaid online recruitment to generate public data. The objective of the present analysis is to understand relationships between psychological responses in the early months of global coronavirus restrictions and help understand how different government measures succeed or fail in changing public behaviour. There were variations between and within countries. Although Western Europeans registered as more concerned over COVID-19, more stressed, and having slightly more trust in the governments' efforts, there was no clear geographical pattern in compliance with behavioural measures. Detailed plots illustrating between-countries differences are provided. Using both traditional and Bayesian analyses, we found that individuals who worried about getting sick worked harder to protect themselves and others. However, concern about the coronavirus itself did not account for all of the variances in experienced stress during the early months of COVID-19 restrictions. More alarmingly, such stress was associated with less compliance. Further, those most concerned over the coronavirus trusted in government measures primarily where policies were strict. While concern over a disease is a source of mental distress, other factors including strictness of protective measures, social support and personal lockdown conditions must also be taken into consideration to fully appreciate the psychological impact of COVID-19 and to understand why some people fail to follow behavioural guidelines intended to protect themselves and others from infection. The Stage 1 manuscript associated with this submission received in-principle acceptance (IPA) on 18 May 2020. Following IPA, the accepted Stage 1 version of the manuscript was preregistered on the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/g2t3b. This preregistration was performed prior to data analysis.Peer reviewe

Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic: relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey

The COVIDiSTRESS global survey collects data on early human responses to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic from 173 429 respondents in 48 countries. The open science study was co-designed by an international consortium of researchers to investigate how psychological responses differ across countries and cultures, and how this has impacted behaviour, coping and trust in government efforts to slow the spread of the virus. Starting in March 2020, COVIDiSTRESS leveraged the convenience of unpaid online recruitment to generate public data. The objective of the present analysis is to understand relationships between psychological responses in the early months of global coronavirus restrictions and help understand how different government measures succeed or fail in changing public behaviour. There were variations between and within countries. Although Western Europeans registered as more concerned over COVID-19, more stressed, and having slightly more trust in the governments' efforts, there was no clear geographical pattern in compliance with behavioural measures. Detailed plots illustrating between-countries differences are provided. Using both traditional and Bayesian analyses, we found that individuals who worried about getting sick worked harder to protect themselves and others. However, concern about the coronavirus itself did not account for all of the variances in experienced stress during the early months of COVID-19 restrictions. More alarmingly, such stress was associated with less compliance. Further, those most concerned over the coronavirus trusted in government measures primarily where policies were strict. While concern over a disease is a source of mental distress, other factors including strictness of protective measures, social support and personal lockdown conditions must also be taken into consideration to fully appreciate the psychological impact of COVID-19 and to understand why some people fail to follow behavioural guidelines intended to protect themselves and others from infection. The Stage 1 manuscript associated with this submission received in-principle acceptance (IPA) on 18 May 2020. Following IPA, the accepted Stage 1 version of the manuscript was preregistered on the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/g2t3b. This preregistration was performed prior to data analysis

Methodik zur Feinplanung von Predictive Quality-Dienstleistungen in produzierenden Unternehmen

Die zunehmende Digitalisierung und die fortschreitende Entwicklung zur Industrie 4.0 dienen für Unternehmen als Befähiger für die digitale Transformation und für neue Formen der Wertschöpfung. Produzenten können durch die Innovation ihres Geschäftsmodells und Entwicklung der entsprechenden Prozesse vermehrt hybride Leistungsbündel als Lösungen anbieten. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurde eine Methodik entwickelt, die produzierende Unternehmen lösungsmusterbasiert bei der Feinplanung der Erbringungsprozesse neuer Dienstleistungen unterstützt. Den Kern der Methodik stellt ein Dienstleistungskatalog dar, welcher Dienstleistungen als Kombination aus einzelnen Dienstleistungsmodulen und den dazugehörigen Prozessmodellen sowie erforderlichen Ressourcen als lösungsmusterbasierte Erbringungsprozesse beschreibt. Die Feinplanung wird mittels eines Software-Prototyps unterstützt

Analysis Of Process Models For The Business Model Development Considering Special SME Requirements For Offering PSS

The continuous testing and redesign of current business models and the associated adaptation of increasingly customized value propositions are nowadays becoming more and more important for companies. Thereby the additional or integrated offering of services as new forms of hybrid value creation are gaining importance. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in particular are still at the beginning of the challenge of successfully designing the transformation to offer product service systems (PSS), as they often lack time, technical and methodological resources. This paper first describes the derived requirements for a process model of PSS-oriented business model development for SMEs. The requirements result on the one hand from the research of current scientific publications on this topic and on the other hand from the analysis and evaluation of use cases from practice at SMEs. This is followed by an overview of current process models that deal with business model development and innovation. The identified process models are analyzed in terms of the considered phases, the used methods, and the industries of the potential users. Furthermore, they are examined for SME suitability on the basis of the derived requirements. By means of the comparison of the current process models and the requirements from the SMEs the necessity of an adaption and further detailing of the individual phases of the process models is pointed out. SMEs have to be able to apply these models independently. Finally, the article presents an initial approach specifying the development phase of PSS-oriented business models by means of detailed planning with a focus on the mechanical and plant engineering sector to support the users

Industrie 4.0 LPS-Maxime

Der Begriff "Industrie 4.0" wurde 2011 im Rahmen der Hightech-Strategie 2020 der Bundesregierung eingeführt und ist seitdem zu einem zentralen Leitthema für die Forschung und das produzierende Gewerbe in Deutschland geworden.$^{1}$ Inhaltlich ähnlich geprägte Bestrebungen zeichnen sich nicht nur in Deutschland sondern weltweit ab. So wurde zum Beispiel in den USA eine vergleichbare Initiative unter dem Namen "Industrial Internet Consortium" (IIC) ins Leben gerufen. Auch andere Länder, wie Japan mit der "Industrial Value-Chain Initiative" (IVI) und Frankreich mit der "Industrie du futur", setzen sich vermehrt mit Digitalisierungsthemen und deren Auswirkungen auseinander. Die Bedeutung und die Potenziale von Industrie 4.0 wurden bereits durch die vom Arbeitskreis Industrie 4.0 durchgeführten wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen sowie den daraus resultierenden Ergebnissen deutlich.$^{2}$ Für nahezu alle Branchen ist Industrie 4.0 von großer Bedeutung und verspricht bei erfolgreicher Umsetzung zahlreiche Potenziale für die Unternehmen.$^{3}$ Sowohl Konzerne als auch kleine und mittlere Unternehmen beschäftigen sich aus diesem Grund vermehrt mit dieser Thematik. Allerdings existiert keine allgemeingültige Definition des Begriffes Industrie 4.0, sodass das Verständnis und die damit in Verbindung gebrachten Aspekte stark variieren. Mithilfe der vom Lehrstuhl für Produktionssysteme (LPS) der Ruhr-Universität Bochum erarbeiteten Industrie 4.0-Maxime und der zugehörigen Beschreibung sollen ein einheitliches Verständnis von Industrie 4.0 geschaffen und wesentliche Elemente für eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung in den Unternehmen identifiziert werden. Zusätzlich wird mit der Industrie 4.0-Maxime die Grundlage für die weiteren Forschungsarbeiten auf diesem Gebiet geschaffen. Zunächst wird im Folgenden eine nach dem Technik-Organisation-Personal Ansatz ganzheitliche Beschreibung der Thematik gegeben, bevor anschließend die eigentliche Industrie 4.0-Maxime vorgestellt wird. 1 vgl. Kagermann et al. 2013 2 vgl. BITKOM et al. 2015 3 vgl. Bauernhansl et al. 2016, S. 7 ff