Leveraging Postgraduate Education for Sustainable Development: The Resource-Nexus and Environmental Management in Global South Partnerships

Higher education institutions play a crucial role in fostering innovation, research, and knowledge transfer that directly impact the attainment of the SDGs. Postgraduate education, in particular, provides a unique opportunity to train and equip the next generation of leaders, researchers, and professionals with the necessary skills, knowledge, and interdisciplinary perspectives required to address complex global challenges. The concept of the resource nexus emphasizes the interconnectedness of different resources (e.g., water, energy, food, materials) and the importance of adopting a holistic approach to sustainable development. By promoting collaborations and partnerships between the Global South and North, we can facilitate knowledge exchange, capacity building, mutual learning and technology transfer, thus creating a positive ripple effect across regions and addressing common sustainability challenges.:Background & Rationale Recommendadions Strengthening Postgraduate Education for Sustainable Development Scaling Up Resource Nexus Research for Sustainability Transformations Empowering Change Agents South-North Collaboration and People-to-People Exchanges International Cooperation for Sustainability in Education Promoting Multifaceted Approaches to Sustainability Youth Empowerment for the 2030 Agenda Leveraging Digital Platforms for Education Conclusio

Beyond Protected Areas: Assessing Management Effectiveness of a Ramsar Site in Nepal

Ramsar Sites, wetlands of international importance, are an international category of protected wetland areas recognized under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Protected areas around the world are not achieving the conservation objectives for which they were established, often due to a lack in effective management practices. Hence, protected area management effectiveness and its assessments are crucial elements of achieving responsive and pro-active management. Ramsar Sites that are not recognized as a protected area under the national park and wildlife conservation act in Nepal are often ignored for such assessments and receive little attention in terms of conservation and management. This study aimed to fill this gap by assessing Jagadishpur Reservoir Ramsar Site, which falls into the above category. The Ramsar Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool was used to assess the management effectiveness. Transformed into the global standard reporting format, the overall management effectiveness was 0.27 on a 0 to 1 scale. This score is considered to be in an inadequate range, requiring significant conservation intervention from government with support from conservation partners. This first assessment of Ramsar Site outside of protected area in Nepal and its comparison to global and European regional-level assessments provides the benchmark for future evaluation to track progress in management effectiveness. In conclusion, Ramsar Sites outside formally protected areas are often neglected and intermittent projects, and ad hoc implementation of small-scale activities seems inadequate to improve management effectiveness

The mycocidal, membrane-active complex of Cryptococcus humicola is a new type of cellobiose lipid with detergent features

AbstractThe chemical composition of the mycocidal complex (formerly known as microcin) secreted by Cryptococcus humicola was investigated by chemical, mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The results indicate that the mycocidal complex is composed of glycolipids with a highly acetylated (up to five acetyl groups) cellobiose backbone [β-D-Glcp-(1′→4)-β-D-Glcp] linked to the ω-hydroxyl group of α,ω-dihydroxy palmitate [16:0-α,ω-di-OH] with an unsubstituted carboxyl group. The acyl chain forming aglycon can be replaced by [18:0-(α,ω-di-OH)], [18:0-(α,ω-1,ω-tri-OH)], and [18:0-(α,ω-2,ω-tri-OH)]. The complex has a comparatively high surface activity; 0.5 mg/ml of it reduced the surface tension of 0.1 M NaHCO3 from 71 mN/m to 37 mN/m and interfacial tension against n-hexadecane from 39 mN/m to 10 mN/m. The critical micelle concentration of the complex at pH 4.0, determined by the fluorometric method with N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine as fluorescent probe and by the De Nouy ring method, was 2×10−5 M (taking the average molecular mass of the complex to be 750); it did not depend on the presence of 100 mM KCl and was an order of magnitude higher at pH 7.0. By fluorescence resonance energy transfer spectroscopy with N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-phosphatidylethanolamine as energy donor and N-(rhodamine B sulfonyl)-phosphatidylethanolamine as energy acceptor the complex was shown to intercalate into the liposomal lipid matrix. Primary lesions caused by the complex in planar lipid bilayers were revealed as short-living current fluctuations of a broad spectrum of amplitudes. The mycocidal effect of the complex is suggested to be associated with its detergent-like properties

Sequential and Site-Specific On-Surface Synthesis on a Bulk Insulator

Kittelmann M, Nimmrich M, Lindner R, Gourdon A, Kühnle A. Sequential and Site-Specific On-Surface Synthesis on a Bulk Insulator. ACS Nano. 2013;7(6):5614-5620.The bottom-up construction of functional devices from molecular building blocks offers great potential in tailoring materials properties and functionality with utmost control. An important step toward exploiting bottom-up construction for real-life applications is the creation of covalently bonded structures that provide sufficient stability as well as superior charge transport properties over reversibly linked self-assembled structures. On-surface synthesis has emerged as a promising strategy for fabricating stable, covalently bound molecular structure on surfaces. So far, a majority of the structures created by this method have been obtained from a rather simple one-step processing approach. But the on-surface preparation of complex structures will require the possibility to carry out various reaction steps in a sequential manner as done In solution chemistry. Only one example exists in literature in which a hierarchical strategy is followed to enhance structural complexity and reliability on a metallic surface. Future molecular electronic application will, however, require transferring these strategies to nonconducting surfaces. Bulk insulating substrates are known to pose significant challenges to on-surface synthesis due to the absence of a metal catalyst and their low surface energy, frequently resulting In molecule desorption rather than reaction activation. By carefully selecting a suitable precursor molecule, we succeeded in performing a two-step linking reaction on a bulk Insulating surface. Besides a firm anchoring toward the substrate surface, the reaction sites and sequential order are encoded In the molecular structure, providing so far unmatched reaction control in on-surface synthesis on a bulk insulating substrate

Substrate Templating Guides the Photoinduced Reaction of C-60 on Calcite

Lindner R, Rahe P, Kittelmann M, Gourdon A, Bechstein R, Kühnle A. Substrate Templating Guides the Photoinduced Reaction of C-60 on Calcite. Angewandte Chemie. International Edition. 2014;53(30):7952-7955.A substrate-guided photochemical reaction of C-60 fullerenes on calcite, a bulk insulator, investigated by non-contact atomic force microscopy is presented. The success of the covalent linkage is evident from a shortening of the intermolecular distances, which is clearly expressed by the disappearance of the moire pattern. Furthermore, UV/Vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry measurements carried out on thick films demonstrate the ability of our setup for initiating the photoinduced reaction. The irradiation of C-60 results in well-oriented covalently linked domains. The orientation of these domains is dictated by the lattice dimensions of the underlying calcite substrate. Using the lattice mismatch to deliberately steer the direction of the chemical reaction is expected to constitute a general design principle for on-surface synthesis. This work thus provides a strategy for controlled fabrication of oriented, covalent networks on bulk insulators

Antimicrobial Drugs and Community-acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United Kingdom

Antimicrobial drugs are associated with an increased risk for community-acquired MRSA infections

[18F]F-DED PET imaging of reactive astrogliosis in neurodegenerative diseases: preclinical proof of concept and first-in-human data

ObjectivesReactive gliosis is a common pathological hallmark of CNS pathology resulting from neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. In this study we investigate the capability of a novel monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) PET ligand to monitor reactive astrogliosis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer`s disease (AD). Furthermore, we performed a pilot study in patients with a range of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory conditions.MethodsA cross-sectional cohort of 24 transgenic (PS2APP) and 25 wild-type mice (age range: 4.3-21.0 months) underwent 60 min dynamic [F-18]fluorodeprenyl-D2 ([F-18]F-DED), static 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO, [F-18]GE-180) and beta-amyloid ([F-18]florbetaben) PET imaging. Quantification was performed via image derived input function (IDIF, cardiac input), simplified non-invasive reference tissue modelling (SRTM2, DVR) and late-phase standardized uptake value ratios (SUVr). Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and MAO-B were performed to validate PET imaging by gold standard assessments. Patients belonging to the Alzheimer's disease continuum (AD, n = 2), Parkinson's disease (PD, n = 2), multiple system atrophy (MSA, n = 2), autoimmune encephalitis (n = 1), oligodendroglioma (n = 1) and one healthy control underwent 60 min dynamic [F-18]F-DED PET and the data were analyzed using equivalent quantification strategies.ResultsWe selected the cerebellum as a pseudo-reference region based on the immunohistochemical comparison of age-matched PS2APP and WT mice. Subsequent PET imaging revealed that PS2APP mice showed elevated hippocampal and thalamic [F-18]F-DED DVR when compared to age-matched WT mice at 5 months (thalamus: + 4.3%;p = 0.048), 13 months (hippocampus: + 7.6%, p = 0.022) and 19 months (hippocampus: + 12.3%, p < 0.0001;thalamus: + 15.2%, p < 0.0001). Specific [F-18]F-DED DVR increases of PS2APP mice occurred earlier when compared to signal alterations in TSPO and beta-amyloid PET and [F-18]F-DED DVR correlated with quantitative immunohistochemistry (hippocampus: R = 0.720, p < 0.001;thalamus: R = 0.727, p = 0.002). Preliminary experience in patients showed [F-18]F-DED V-T and SUVr patterns, matching the expected topology of reactive astrogliosis in neurodegenerative (MSA) and neuroinflammatory conditions, whereas the patient with oligodendroglioma and the healthy control indicated [F-18]F-DED binding following the known physiological MAO-B expression in brain.Conclusions[F-18]F-DED PET imaging is a promising approach to assess reactive astrogliosis in AD mouse models and patients with neurological diseases

T2K neutrino flux prediction

cited By 15 art_number: 012001 affiliation: Centre for Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; IRFU, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Department of Physics, Dongshin University, Naju, South Korea; Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France; Institute for Particle Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain; IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain; Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; INFN Sezione di Bari, Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy; INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy; INFN Sezione di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy; INFN Sezione di Roma, Università di Roma la Sapienza, Roma, Italy; Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IPN Lyon (IN2P3), Villeurbanne, France; Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan; National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland; State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Osaka City University, Department of Physics, Osaka, Japan; Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; UPMC, Université Paris Diderot, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Paris, France; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; School of Physics, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States; III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; University of Silesia, Institute of Physics, Katowice, Poland; STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Warrington, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan; Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Radioelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada references: Astier, P., (2003) Nucl. 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Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages