Prevention and early detection of prostate cancer

This Review was sponsored and funded by the International Society of Cancer Prevention (ISCaP), the European Association of Urology (EAU), the National Cancer Institute, USA (NCI) (grant number 1R13CA171707-01), Prostate Cancer UK, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) (grant number C569/A16477), and the Association for International Cancer Research (AICR

Lokala klimatkriser och kronans intressen : en fallstudie av Södertörns kustsocknar ca 1570-1620

Förmoderna kustmiljöe

Quantitation of repetitive epitopes in glycosaminoglycans immobilized on hydrophobic membranes treated with cationic detergents

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear carbohydrate polymers containing repetitive sequences of differently sulfated uronic acid and glycosamine residues that are recognized by antibodies raised against proteoglycans. We have developed a method to demonstrate such repetitive sequence motifs in isolated GAG chains immobilized on hydrophobic membranes derivatized with cationic detergents. Six monoclonal antibodies directed against Cs (2B6, 3B3, Cs56, and 1B5), Hs (HepSS), and Ks (5134) were used to detect native and chondroitinase-generated epitopes in the immobilized GAGs. All antibodies, except 1B5, were able to detect epitopes in both proteoglycans and isolated GAGs. Type of detergent and buffer composition affected the accessibility and the retention of immobilized GAGs. The epitope density, i.e., the number of repetitive epitopes per GAG mass, was estimated as the ratio between antibody (epitope) and Alcian blue (mass) staining measured simultaneously. The epitope profiles, using six antibodies, were different for each sample (CsA, CsC, Ds, Hs, intact cartilage, and human serum). The epitope profile may be used as a structural characteristic of a GAG population. Electrophoretic separation of GAGs based on their glucuronic/ioduronic acid content and O-sulfate/N-sulfate ratio was performed using a diethylene glycol-diaminobutanol agarose gel. The electrophoretic populations were characterized by immunoblotting to detergent-treated membranes

Integration Gävleborg 2.0 : Intervjustudie om upplevda möjligheter och hinder för arbetsmarknadsetablering för migranter med låg utbildning

Denna rapport utgör en del av forsknings- och utvecklingsprojektet Integration 2.0 Gävleborg med Länsstyrelsen i Gävleborg som huvudman och Asyl-, migrations och integrationsfonden (AMIF) som finansiär. Syftet med detta delprojekt är att ur ett individperspektiv förstå hur relativt nyanlända migranter med låg utbildningsbakgrund resonerar kring sina förutsättningar, förväntningar, hinder och möjligheter till etablering på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Migranterna är bosatta i Region Gävleborg, en region som relativt andra regioner i Sverige har en hög arbetslöshet och låg utbildningsnivå, och som har tagit emot ett stort antal nyanlända flyktingar under de senaste åren. Fyra frågeställningar har formulerats: Vad har individerna för resurser/brist på resurser? Hur ser individerna på sina möjligheter till sysselsättning? Vilken hjälp och vilket stöd erbjuder myndigheter, arbetsgivare och civilsamhälle och hur uppfattas det av individerna? Vilka strukturella hinder i etableringsprocessen beskrivs av migranterna? Totalt 23 intervjuer har genomförts med personer som deltar i svenska för invandrare (SFI) och är bosatta i tre olika kommuner i Region Gävleborg. Resultaten visar att personerna vill arbeta, men många har aldrig tidigare lönearbetat och få har erfarenhet av den reguljära arbetsmarknaden i Sverige. Deltagarna har diffus kännedom om olika myndigheter och ibland bristande kunskap om Arbetsförmedlingens arbetsform och funktion. För många av deltagarna spelar SFI och SFI-lärarna en central roll som länk till det svenska samhället. Det framkommer samtidigt behov om mer differentierad och individanpassad SFI-undervisning på grund av deltagarnas skiftande förutsättningar. Likaså behövs tydligare och återkommande information om vad individen förväntas göra för att kunna erhålla en anställning och vad Arbetsförmedlingen kan bidra med för att öka möjligheterna till sysselsättning för denna grupp. Det förefaller även vara viktigt att lyfta fram och uppvärdera deltagarnas styrkor och tidigare arbetslivsrelaterade erfarenheter, vilket kan stärka deltagarnas anställningsbarhet och öka chanserna till etablering på arbetsmarknaden. Integration Gävleborg 2.0 – Interview study on perceived possibilities and obstacles for labour market establishment of migrants with low education This report is a part of the research and development project Integration 2.0 Gävleborg, with the County Administrative Board of Gävleborg as principal investigator. It is financed by the European Union Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF). The purpose of this sub-project is to understand from an individual perspective how relatively newly arrived migrants with a low educational background reason about their conditions, expectations, obstacles and opportunities for establishment in the Swedish labour market. The participating migrants reside in the Region Gävleborg, which has a high unemployment rate and a lower educational level compared to other regions in Sweden. The region has also received a large number of newly arrived migrants in recent years. Four research questions have been articulated:  What resources do the individuals have/lack? How do the individuals consider their employment opportunities? What help and support do authorities, employers and civil society offer the migrants and how is it perceived by the individuals?  What structural obstacles in the establishment process do the migrants describe? A total of 23 interviews were conducted with migrants taking part in Swedish for Immigrants (SFI), who reside in three different municipalities in Region Gävleborg. The results show that the participants are motivated to work, but many of them had never experienced paid employment, and very few had work experience from the regular labour market in Sweden. The participants have a vague knowledge of many authorities and sometimes inaccurate ideas of how the Swedish Public Employment Service functions. For many participants, SFI and SFI teachers are essential as a link to Swedish society. Nonetheless, there is a need for more differentiated and individualised forms of teaching because of the participants’ varying needs and requirements. In addition, more precise and recurring information for the individual migrant is needed to make explicit what is expected of them in order to obtain employment, and to clarify what the Public Employment Service can do to increase their employment opportunities. It also appears important to re-evaluate and promote the participants’ strengths and previous work-related experiences. This could strengthen their employability perceptions and increase their chances of labour market establishment.Studien har finansierats av Asyl-, migrations- och integrationsfonden (AMIF) genom projektet Integration Gävleborg 2.0 med Länsstyrelsen Gävleborg som projektägare. Högskolan i Gävle har svarat för viss medfinansiering. Integration Gävleborg 2.

Integration Gävleborg 2.0 : Intervjustudie om upplevda möjligheter och hinder för arbetsmarknadsetablering för migranter med låg utbildning

Denna rapport utgör en del av forsknings- och utvecklingsprojektet Integration 2.0 Gävleborg med Länsstyrelsen i Gävleborg som huvudman och Asyl-, migrations och integrationsfonden (AMIF) som finansiär. Syftet med detta delprojekt är att ur ett individperspektiv förstå hur relativt nyanlända migranter med låg utbildningsbakgrund resonerar kring sina förutsättningar, förväntningar, hinder och möjligheter till etablering på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Migranterna är bosatta i Region Gävleborg, en region som relativt andra regioner i Sverige har en hög arbetslöshet och låg utbildningsnivå, och som har tagit emot ett stort antal nyanlända flyktingar under de senaste åren. Fyra frågeställningar har formulerats: Vad har individerna för resurser/brist på resurser? Hur ser individerna på sina möjligheter till sysselsättning? Vilken hjälp och vilket stöd erbjuder myndigheter, arbetsgivare och civilsamhälle och hur uppfattas det av individerna? Vilka strukturella hinder i etableringsprocessen beskrivs av migranterna? Totalt 23 intervjuer har genomförts med personer som deltar i svenska för invandrare (SFI) och är bosatta i tre olika kommuner i Region Gävleborg. Resultaten visar att personerna vill arbeta, men många har aldrig tidigare lönearbetat och få har erfarenhet av den reguljära arbetsmarknaden i Sverige. Deltagarna har diffus kännedom om olika myndigheter och ibland bristande kunskap om Arbetsförmedlingens arbetsform och funktion. För många av deltagarna spelar SFI och SFI-lärarna en central roll som länk till det svenska samhället. Det framkommer samtidigt behov om mer differentierad och individanpassad SFI-undervisning på grund av deltagarnas skiftande förutsättningar. Likaså behövs tydligare och återkommande information om vad individen förväntas göra för att kunna erhålla en anställning och vad Arbetsförmedlingen kan bidra med för att öka möjligheterna till sysselsättning för denna grupp. Det förefaller även vara viktigt att lyfta fram och uppvärdera deltagarnas styrkor och tidigare arbetslivsrelaterade erfarenheter, vilket kan stärka deltagarnas anställningsbarhet och öka chanserna till etablering på arbetsmarknaden. Integration Gävleborg 2.0 – Interview study on perceived possibilities and obstacles for labour market establishment of migrants with low education This report is a part of the research and development project Integration 2.0 Gävleborg, with the County Administrative Board of Gävleborg as principal investigator. It is financed by the European Union Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF). The purpose of this sub-project is to understand from an individual perspective how relatively newly arrived migrants with a low educational background reason about their conditions, expectations, obstacles and opportunities for establishment in the Swedish labour market. The participating migrants reside in the Region Gävleborg, which has a high unemployment rate and a lower educational level compared to other regions in Sweden. The region has also received a large number of newly arrived migrants in recent years. Four research questions have been articulated:  What resources do the individuals have/lack? How do the individuals consider their employment opportunities? What help and support do authorities, employers and civil society offer the migrants and how is it perceived by the individuals?  What structural obstacles in the establishment process do the migrants describe? A total of 23 interviews were conducted with migrants taking part in Swedish for Immigrants (SFI), who reside in three different municipalities in Region Gävleborg. The results show that the participants are motivated to work, but many of them had never experienced paid employment, and very few had work experience from the regular labour market in Sweden. The participants have a vague knowledge of many authorities and sometimes inaccurate ideas of how the Swedish Public Employment Service functions. For many participants, SFI and SFI teachers are essential as a link to Swedish society. Nonetheless, there is a need for more differentiated and individualised forms of teaching because of the participants’ varying needs and requirements. In addition, more precise and recurring information for the individual migrant is needed to make explicit what is expected of them in order to obtain employment, and to clarify what the Public Employment Service can do to increase their employment opportunities. It also appears important to re-evaluate and promote the participants’ strengths and previous work-related experiences. This could strengthen their employability perceptions and increase their chances of labour market establishment.Studien har finansierats av Asyl-, migrations- och integrationsfonden (AMIF) genom projektet Integration Gävleborg 2.0 med Länsstyrelsen Gävleborg som projektägare. Högskolan i Gävle har svarat för viss medfinansiering. Integration Gävleborg 2.

Some Die Young : A Follow-Up Study of Young Men Exposed to Violence in Sweden

This register-based study from Sweden examines mortality risks among young male victims of violence. In total, 87,22 l men aged 18-24 years who spent at least one night in inpatient care after exposure to violence in the years 1992-2005 were compared with 78,702 age-matched men from the general population. Cox regressions showed that men exposed to violence had a >3 times higher risk of all-cause mortality, a >4 times higher risk of suicide, and about a 20 times higher risk of death from later violence. The risk of suicide remained stable during the follow-up, and the risk of all-cause mortality and death from later violence decreased

Autonomic cardiovascular responses to tilting in patients with alzheimer's disease and in healthy elderly women

The cardiovascular responses to tilting and breathing were studied in 24 patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 54 healthy control women aged between 75 and 96 years in order to study the parasympathetic and sympathetic heart-rate control. The cardiovascular response to tilting and breathing showed no age-associated decrease in the healthy control women. During rest, the AD patients had lower mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure but the same heart rate as the control patients. After tilting, the AD patients had a greater increase in heart rate, and the mean systolic blood pressure fell to 126 mmHg compared with 160 mmHg in the control women (p<0.001). After the initial acceleration, the following deceleration of the heart rate, an expression of parasympathetic nervous activity, was lower in the AD patients (p <0.001). The deep-breathing test showed no significant difference between the two groups, but the changes of acceleration and brake indices could indicate a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system since the AD patients were not recumbent